Chapter 11 [RE] Energy Efficiency
Section N1101 (R101) General
N1101.1 (R101.2) Scope.
This chapter applies to the design and construction of residential buildings as regulated by this code.
Note: The text of Sections N1101.2 through N1113 parallels the text of the 2024 edition of the International Energy Conservation Code—Residential Provisions (IECC-R). The section numbers appearing in parentheses after each section number are the section numbers of the corresponding text in the IECC-R. If a section does not have a section number in parenthesis after it, then there is no corresponding text in the IECC-R.
N1101.2 (R101.3) Intent.
This chapter provides market-driven, enforceable requirements for the design and construction of residential buildings, providing minimum efficiency requirements for buildings that result in the maximum level of energy efficiency that is safe, technologically feasible, and life cycle cost-effective, considering economic feasibility, including potential costs and savings for consumers and building owners, and return on investment. Additionally, the code provides jurisdictions with optional supplemental requirements, including requirements that lead to achievement of zero energy buildings, presently, and, through glide paths that achieve zero energy buildings by 2030 and on additional timelines sought by governments, and achievement of additional policy goals as identified by the Energy and Carbon Advisory Council and approved by the Board of Directors. The code may include nonmandatory appendices incorporating additional energy efficiency and greenhouse gas reduction resources developed by the International Code Council and others. Requirements contained in the code will include, but not be limited to, prescriptive- and performance-based pathways. The code will aim to simplify code requirements to facilitate the code’s use and compliance rate. The code is updated on a 3-year cycle with each subsequent edition providing increased energy savings over the prior edition. The IECC residential provisions shall include an update to Chapter 11 of this code. This code is intended to provide flexibility to permit the use of innovative approaches and techniques to achieve this intent. This code is not intended to abridge safety, health or environmental requirements contained in other applicable codes or ordinances.
N1101.3 (R101.4.1) Compliance materials.
The code official shall be permitted to approve specific computer software, worksheets, compliance manuals and other similar materials that meet the intent of this chapter.
N1101.4 (R104.1.1) Above code programs.
The code official or other authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to deem a national, state or local energy-efficiency program to exceed the energy efficiency required by this code. Buildings approved in writing by such an energy-efficiency program shall be considered to be in compliance with this code. The requirements identified in Table N1105.2 and the total building thermal envelope thermal conductance (TC) shall be less than or equal to the total building thermal envelope TC using the prescriptive U-factors from Table N1102.1.2 multiplied by 1.08 in Climate Zones 0, 1 and 2, and by 1.15 in Climates Zones 3 through 8, in accordance with Equation 11-1. The area-weighted maximum fenestrationsolar heat gain coefficients (SHGC) permitted in Climate Zones 0 through 3 shall be 0.30.
N1101.5 (R105.2) Information on construction documents.
Construction documents shall be drawn to scale on suitable material. Electronic media documents are permitted to be submitted when approved by the code official. Construction documents shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed, and show in sufficient detail pertinent data and features of the building, systems and equipment as herein governed. Details shall include the following as applicable:
- 1.
Energy compliance path.
- 2.
Insulation materials and their R-values.
- 3.
Fenestration U-factors and solar heat gain coefficients (SHGC).
- 4.
Area-weighted U-factor and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) calculations.
- 5.
Mechanical system design criteria.
- 6.
Mechanical and service water heating systems and equipment types, sizes and efficiencies.
- 7.
Equipment and system controls.
- 8.
Duct sealing, duct and pipe insulation and location.
- 9.
Air sealing details.
N1101.5.1 (R105.2.1) Building thermal envelope depiction.
The building thermal envelope shall be represented on the construction documents.
N1101.5.2 (R105.2.2) Solar-ready system.
Where a solar-ready zone is provided, the construction documents shall indicate details for a dedicated roof area for the solar-ready zone, roof dead load, roof live load, ground snow load and the routing of conduit or prewiring from the solar-ready zone to an electrical service panel or plumbing from the solar-ready zone to a service water heating system.
N1101.6 (R202) Defined terms.
The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter, have the meanings shown herein.
ABOVE-GRADE WALL.
A wall more than 50 percent above grade and enclosing conditioned space. This includes between-floor spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, roof and basement knee walls, dormer walls, gable end walls, walls enclosing a mansard roof and skylight shafts.
ACCESS (TO).
That which enables a device, appliance or equipment to be reached by ready access or by a means that first requires the removal or movement of a panel or similar obstruction.
ADDITION.
An extension or increase in the floor area, number of stories or height of a building or structure.
AIR BARRIER.
One or more materials joined together in a continuous manner to restrict or prevent the passage of air through the building thermal envelope and its assemblies.
AIR-HANDLING UNIT.
A blower or fan used for the purpose of distributing supply air to a room, space or area.
ALTERATION.
Any construction, retrofit or renovation to an existing structure other than repair or addition. Also, a change in a building, electrical, gas, mechanical or plumbing system that involves an extension, addition or change to the arrangement, type or purpose of the original installation.
APPROVED SOURCE.
An independent person, firm or corporation approved by the code official, who is competent and experienced in the application of engineering principles to materials, methods or system analyses.
AUTOMATIC.
AUTOMATIC SHUTOFF CONTROL.
A device capable of automatically turning loads off without manual intervention. Automatic shutoff controls include devices such as, but not limited to, occupancy sensors, vacancy sensors, door switches, programmable time switches (i.e., timeclocks) or count-down timers.
BALANCED VENTILATION SYSTEM.
A ventilation system that simultaneously supplies outdoor air to and exhausts air from a space, where the mechanical supply airflow rate and the mechanical exhaust airflow rate are each within 10 percent of the average of the two airflow rates
BASEMENT WALL.
A wall 50 percent or more below grade and enclosing conditioned space.
BIODIESEL BLEND.
A homogeneous mixture of hydrocarbon oils and mono alkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids.
BUILDING.
Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy, including any mechanical systems, service water-heating systems and electric power and lighting systems located on the building site and supporting the building.
BUILDING SITE.
A contiguous area of land that is under the ownership or control of one entity.
BUILDING THERMAL ENVELOPE.
The basement walls, exterior walls, floors, ceilings, roofs and any other building element assemblies that enclose conditioned space or provide a boundary between conditioned space and exempt or unconditioned space.
CAVITY INSULATION.
Insulating material located between framing members.
CIRCULATING HOT WATER SYSTEM.
A specifically designed water distribution system where one or more pumps are operated in the service hot water piping to circulate heated water from the water-heating equipment to fixtures and back to the water-heating equipment.
CLIMATE ZONE.
A geographical region based on climatic criteria as specified in this code.
COMMON AREAS.
All conditioned spaces within Group R occupancy buildings that are not dwelling units or sleeping units.
CONDITIONED FLOOR AREA.
The horizontal projection of the floors associated with the conditioned space.
CONDITIONED SPACE.
An area, room or space that is enclosed within the building thermal envelope and that is directly heated or cooled or indirectly heated or cooled. Spaces are indirectly heated or cooled where they communicate through openings with conditioned spaces, where they are separated from conditioned spaces by uninsulated walls, floors or ceilings, or where they contain uninsulated ducts, piping or other sources of heating or cooling.
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS.
Written, graphic and pictorial documents prepared or assembled for describing the design, location and physical characteristics of the elements of a project necessary for obtaining a building permit.
CONTINUOUS AIR BARRIER.
A combination of materials and assemblies that restrict or prevent the passage of air through the building thermal envelope.
CONTINUOUS INSULATION (ci).
Insulating material that is continuous across all structural members without thermal bridges other than fasteners and service openings. It is installed on the interior or exterior, or is integral to any opaque surface, of the building thermal envelope.
CONTINUOUS PILOT.
A pilot which, once placed in operation, is intended to remain ignited continuously until it is manually interrupted.
CRAWL SPACE WALL.
The opaque portion of a wall that encloses a crawl space and is partially or totally below grade.
CURTAIN WALL.
Fenestration products used to create an external nonload-bearing wall that is designed to separate the exterior and interior environments.
DAMPER.
A manually or automatically controlled device to regulate draft or the rate of flow of air or combustion gases.
DEMAND RECIRCULATION WATER SYSTEM.
A water distribution system where one or more pumps prime the service hot water piping with heated water on demand for hot water.
DEMAND RESPONSE SIGNAL.
A signal that indicates a price or a request to modify electricity consumption for a limited time period.
DEMAND RESPONSIVE CONTROL.
A control capable of receiving and automatically responding to a demand response signal.
DIMMER.
A control device that is capable of continuously varying the light output and energy use of light sources.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM EFFICIENCY (DSE).
A system efficiency factor that adjusts for the energy losses associated with delivery of energy from the equipment to the source of the load.
DUCT.
A tube or conduit utilized for conveying air. The air passages of self-contained systems are not to be construed as air ducts.
DUCT AIRFLOW BALANCING.
The measurement and adjustment of the delivered airflow to the intended locations.
DUCT SYSTEM.
A system that consists of space conditioning equipment and ductwork, and includes any apparatus installed in connection therewith.
DUCTWORK.
The assemblies of connected ducts, plenums, boots, fittings, dampers, supply registers, return grilles and filter grilles through which air is supplied to or returned from the space to be heated, cooled or ventilated. Supply ductwork delivers air to the spaces from the space conditioning equipment. Return ductwork conveys air from the spaces back to the space conditioning equipment. Ventilation ductwork conveys air to or from any space.
DWELLING UNIT.
A single unit providing complete independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation.
EMITTANCE.
The ratio of the radiant heat flux emitted by a specimen measured on a scale from 0 to 1, where a value of 1 indicates perfect release of thermal radiation.
ENCLOSED REFLECTIVE AIRSPACE.
An unventilated cavity with a low-emittance surface bounded on all sides by building components.
ENERGY ANALYSIS.
A method for estimating the annual energy use of the proposed design and standard reference design based on estimates of energy use.
ENERGY COST.
The total estimated annual cost for purchased energy for the building functions regulated by this code, including applicable demand charges.
ENERGY RATING INDEX (ERI).
A numerical integer value that represents the relative energy performance of a rated design or constructed dwelling unit as compared with the energy performance of the ERI Reference Design, where an ERI value of 100 represents the energy performance of the ERI Reference Design and an ERI value of 0 represents a rated design or constructed dwelling unit with zero net energy performance.
ENERGY SIMULATION TOOL.
An approved software program or calculation-based methodology that projects the annual energy use of a building.
ERI REFERENCE DESIGN.
A version of the rated design that meets the minimum requirements of the 2006 International Energy Conservation Code.
EXISTING BUILDING.
A building erected prior to the date of adoption of the appropriate code, or one for which a legal building permit has been issued.
EXTERIOR WALL.
Walls including both above-grade walls and basement walls.
FENESTRATION.
Products classified as either vertical fenestration or skylights.
Skylights.
Glass or other transparent or translucent glazing material installed at a slope of less than 60 degrees (1.05 rad) from horizontal, including unit skylights, tubular daylighting devices, and glazing materials in solariums, sunrooms, roofs and sloped walls.
Vertical fenestration.
Windows that are fixed or operable, opaque doors, glazed doors, glazed block and combination opaque/glazed doors composed of glass or other transparent or translucent glazing materials and installed at a slope of not less than 60 degrees (1.05 rad) from horizontal.
FENESTRATION PRODUCT, SITE-BUILT.
A fenestration designed to be made up of field-glazed or field-assembled units using specific factory cut or otherwise factory-formed framing and glazing units. Examples of site-built fenestration include storefront systems, curtain walls, and atrium roof systems.
F-FACTOR (THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE).
The perimeter heat loss factor for slab-on-grade floors (Btu/h × ft × °F) [W/(m × K)].
FUEL GAS.
A natural gas, manufactured gas, liquified petroleum gas or a mixture of these.
FUEL OIL.
Kerosene or any hydrocarbon oil having a flash point not less than 100°F (38°C).
GRADE PLANE.
A reference plane representing the average of the finished ground level adjoining the building at all exterior walls. Where the finished ground level slopes away from the exterior wall, the reference plane is established by the lowest points within the area between the building and the lot line or, where the lot line is more than 6 feet (1829 mm) from the building between the structure and a point 6 feet (1829 mm) from the building.
HEAT EXCHANGER.
A device that transfers heat from one medium to another.
HEATED SLAB.
Slab-on-grade construction in which the heating elements, hydronic tubing, or hot air distribution system is in contact with, or placed within or under, the slab.
HISTORIC BUILDING.
Any building or structure that is one or more of the following:
- 1.
Listed, or certified as eligible for listing by the State Historic Preservation Officer or the Keeper of the National Register of Historic Places, in the National Register of Historic Places.
- 2.
Designated as historic under an applicable state or local law.
- 3.
Certified as a contributing resource within a National Register-listed, state-designated or locally designated historic district.
INFILTRATION.
The uncontrolled inward air leakage into a building caused by the pressure effects of wind or the effect of differences in the indoor and outdoor air density or both.
INSULATED SIDING.
A type of continuous insulation with manufacturer-installed insulating material as an integral part of the cladding product having an R-value of not less than R-2.
INSULATING SHEATHING.
An insulating board with a core material having an R-value of not less than R-2.
INTERMITTENT IGNITION.
Type of ignition that is energized when an appliance is called on to operate and that remains continuously energized during each period of main burner operation and where the ignition is deenergized when the main burner operating cycle is completed.
INTERRUPTED IGNITION.
Type of ignition that is energized prior to the admission of fuel to the main burner and that is deenergized when the main flame is established.
KNEE WALL.
An above-grade wall assembly, or wall defined by vertical truss members, of any height that separates conditioned space from unconditioned buffer spaces, such as ventilated attics and entry porch roofs, rather than ambient outdoors.
LABELED.
Equipment, materials or products to which have been affixed a label, seal, symbol or other identifying mark of a nationally recognized testing laboratory, approved agency or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of the production of such labeled items and whose labeling indicates either that the equipment, material or product meets identified standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
LIQUID FUEL.
A fuel oil or biodiesel blend.
LISTED.
Equipment, materials, products or services included in a list published by an organization acceptable to the code official and concerned with evaluation of products or services that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services and where the listing states either that the equipment, material, product or service meets identified standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
LIVING SPACE.
Space within a dwelling unit utilized for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, bathing, washing and sanitation purposes.
LOW SLOPE.
A roof slope less than 2 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (17 percent slope).
OCCUPANT SENSOR CONTROL.
An automatic control device that detects the presence or absence of people within an area and causes lighting, equipment or appliances to be regulated accordingly.
OCCUPIABLE SPACE.
An enclosed space intended for human activities, excluding those spaces intended primarily for other purposes, such as storage rooms and equipment rooms, that are only intended to be occupied occasionally and for short periods of time.
ON-DEMAND PILOT.
A pilot that, once placed into operation, is intended to remain ignited for a predetermined period of time following an automatic or manual operation of the main burner gas valve, after which the pilot is automatically extinguished when no automatic or manual operation of the main burner gas valve occurs during the predetermined period of time.
ON-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Energy from renewable energy resources harvested at the building site.
OPAQUE DOOR.
A door that is not less than 50 percent opaque in surface area.
PLENUM.
An enclosed portion of the building structure, other than an occupiable space being conditioned, that is designed to allow air movement and thereby serve as part of the supply or return ductwork.
PROPOSED DESIGN.
A description of the proposed dwelling unit used to estimate annual energy use for determining compliance based on simulated building performance.
RADIANT BARRIER.
A material having a low emittance surface of 0.1 or less installed in building assemblies.
RATED DESIGN.
A description of the proposed dwelling unit used to determine the energy rating index.
READY ACCESS (TO).
That which enables a device, appliance or equipment to be directly reached without requiring the removal or movement of any panel or similar obstruction.
REFLECTIVE INSULATION.
A material with a surface emittance of 0.1 or less in an assembly consisting of one or more enclosed reflective airspaces.
RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATE (REC).
A market-based instrument that represents and conveys the environmental attributes of 1 megawatt hour of renewable electricity generation and could be sold separately from the underlying physical electricity associated with renewable energy resources; also known as an energy attribute certificate (EAC).
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES.
Energy derived from solar radiation, wind, waves, tides, landfill gas, biogas, biomass or extracted from hot fluid or steam heated within the earth.
REPAIR.
The reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing building for the purpose of its maintenance or to correct damage.
REROOFING.
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING.
For this chapter, includes detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses as well as Group R-2, R-3 and R-4 buildings three stories or less in height above grade plane.
ROOF ASSEMBLY.
A system designed to provide weather protection and resistance to design loads. The system consists of a roof covering and roof deck or a single component serving as both the roof covering and the roof deck. A roof assembly includes the roof covering, underlayment, and roof deck, and can also include a thermal barrier, ignition barrier, insulation or a vapor retarder.
ROOF RECOVER.
The process of installing an additional roof covering over an existing roof covering without removing the existing roof covering.
ROOF REPAIR.
Reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing roof for the purposes of its maintenance.
ROOF REPLACEMENT.
An alteration that includes the removal of all existing layers of roof assembly materials down to the roof deck and the installation of replacement materials above the existing roof deck.
R-VALUE (THERMAL RESISTANCE).
The inverse of the time rate of heat flow through a body from one of its bounding surfaces to the other surface for a unit temperature difference between the two surfaces, under steady state conditions, per unit area (h × ft2× °F/Btu) [(m2× K)/W].
SERVICE WATER HEATING.
Supply of hot water for purposes other than comfort heating.
SIMULATED BUILDING PERFORMANCE.
A process in which the proposed building design is compared to a standard reference design for the purposes of estimating relative energy use to determine code compliance.
SLEEPING UNIT.
A single unit that provides rooms or spaces for one or more persons, includes permanent provisions for sleeping and can include provisions for living, eating and either sanitation or kitchen facilities but not both. Such rooms and spaces that are part of a dwelling unit are not sleeping units.
SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICIENT (SHGC).
The ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through the fenestration assembly to the incident solar radiation. Solar heat gain includes directly transmitted solar heat and absorbed solar radiation that is then reradiated, conducted or convected into the space.
SOLAR-READY ZONE.
A section or sections of the roof or building overhang designated and reserved for the future installation of a solar photovoltaic or solar thermal system.
SPACE CONDITIONING.
The treatment of air so as to control the temperature, humidity, filtration or distribution of the air to meet the requirements of a conditioned space.
SPACE CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT.
The heat exchangers, air-handling units, filter boxes and any apparatus installed in connection therewith used to provide space conditioning.
STANDARD REFERENCE DESIGN.
A version of the proposed design that meets the minimum requirements of this code and is used to determine the maximum annual energy use requirement for compliance based on total building performance.
STEEP SLOPE.
A roof slope 2 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (17 percent slope) or greater.
SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT.
Any repair, reconstruction, rehabilitation, alteration, addition or other improvement of a building or structure, the cost of which equals or is more than 50 percent of the market value of the structure before the improvement. Where the structure has sustained substantial damage as defined in the International Building Code, any repairs are considered substantial improvement regardless of the actual repair work performed. Substantial improvement does not include the following:
- 1.
Improvement of a building ordered by the code official to correct health, sanitary or safety code violations.
- 2.
Alteration of a historic building where the alteration will not affect the designation as a historic building.
SUNROOM.
A one-story structure attached to a dwelling with a glazing area in excess of 40 percent of the gross area of the structure’s exterior walls and roof.
TESTING UNIT ENCLOSURE AREA.
The sum of the area of ceiling, floors and walls separating a dwelling unit’s or sleeping unit’s conditioned space from the exterior or from adjacent conditioned or unconditioned spaces. Wall height shall be measured from the finished floor of the dwelling unit or sleeping unit to the underside of the floor above.
THERMAL DISTRIBUTION EFFICIENCY (TDE).
The resistance to changes in air heat as air is conveyed through a distance of air duct. TDE is a heat-loss calculation evaluating the difference in the heat of the air between the air duct inlet and outlet caused by differences in temperatures between the air in the duct and the duct material. TDE is expressed as a percent difference between the inlet and outlet heat in the duct.
THERMAL ISOLATION.
Physical and space conditioning separation from conditioned spaces. The conditioned spaces shall be controlled as separate zones for heating and cooling or conditioned by separate equipment.
THERMOSTAT.
An automatic control device used to maintain temperature at a fixed or adjustable set point.
U-FACTOR (THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE).
The coefficient of heat transmission (air to air) through a building component or assembly, equal to the time rate of heat flow per unit area and unit temperature difference between the warm side and cold side air films (Btu/h × ft2× °F) [W/(m2× K)].
VENTILATION.
The natural or mechanical process of supplying conditioned or unconditioned air to, or removing such air from, any space.
VENTILATION AIR.
That portion of supply air that comes from outside (outdoors) plus any recirculated air that has been treated to maintain the desired quality of air within a designated space.
VISIBLE TRANSMITTANCE [VT].
The ratio of visible light entering the space through the fenestration product assembly to the incident visible light. Visible Transmittance includes the effects of glazing material and frame and is expressed as a number between 0 and 1.
WHOLE-HOUSE MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM
An exhaust system, supply system, or combination thereof that is designed to mechanically exchange indoor air with outdoor air when operating continuously or through a programmed intermittent schedule to satisfy the whole house ventilation rates.
WORK AREA.
That portion or portions of a building consisting of all reconfigured spaces as indicated on the construction documents. Work area excludes other portions of the building where incidental work entailed by the intended work must be performed and portions of the building where work not initially intended by the owner is specifically required by this code.
ZONE.
A space or group of spaces within a building with heating or cooling requirements that are sufficiently similar so that desired conditions can be maintained throughout using a single controlling device.
N1101.7 (R301.1) Climate zones.
Climate zones from Figure N1101.7 or Table N1101.7 shall be used for determining the applicable requirements in Sections N1101 through N1113. Locations not indicated in Table N1101.7 shall be assigned a climate zone in accordance with Section N1101.7.2.
US STATES |
ALABAMA |
3A Autauga* |
2A Baldwin* |
3A Barbour* |
3A Bibb |
3A Blount |
3A Bullock* |
3A Butler* |
3A Calhoun |
3A Chambers |
3A Cherokee |
3A Chilton |
3A Choctaw* |
3A Clarke* |
3A Clay |
3A Cleburne |
2A Coffee* |
3A Colbert |
3A Conecuh* |
3A Coosa |
2A Covington* |
3A Crenshaw* |
3A Cullman |
2A Dale* |
3A Dallas* |
3A DeKalb |
3A Elmore* |
2A Escambia* |
3A Etowah |
3A Fayette |
3A Franklin |
2A Geneva* |
3A Greene |
3A Hale |
2A Henry* |
2A Houston* |
3A Jackson |
3A Jefferson |
3A Lamar |
3A Lauderdale |
3A Lawrence |
3A Lee |
3A Limestone |
3A Lowndes* |
3A Macon* |
3A Madison |
3A Marengo* |
3A Marion |
3A Marshall |
2A Mobile* |
3A Monroe* |
3A Montgomery* |
3A Morgan |
3A Perry* |
3A Pickens |
3A Pike* |
3A Randolph |
3A Russell* |
3A Shelby |
3A St. Clair |
3A Sumter |
3A Talladega |
3A Tallapoosa |
3A Tuscaloosa |
3A Walker |
3A Washington* |
3A Wilcox* |
3A Winston |
ALASKA |
7 Aleutians East |
7 Aleutians West |
7 Anchorage |
7 Bethel |
7 Bristol Bay |
8 Denali |
7 Dillingham |
8 Fairbanks North Star |
6A Haines |
6A Juneau |
7 Kenai Peninsula |
5C Ketchikan Gateway |
6A Kodiak Island |
7 Lake and Peninsula |
7 Matanuska-Susitna |
8 Nome |
8 North Slope |
8 Northwest Arctic |
5C Prince of Wales Outer Ketchikan |
5C Sitka |
6A Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon |
8 Southeast Fairbanks |
7 Valdez-Cordova |
8 Wade Hampton |
6A Wrangell-Petersburg |
7 Yakutat |
8 Yukon-Koyukuk |
ARIZONA |
5B Apache |
3B Cochise |
5B Coconino |
4B Gila |
3B Graham |
3B Greenlee |
2B La Paz |
2B Maricopa |
3B Mohave |
5B Navajo |
2B Pima |
2B Pinal |
3B Santa Cruz |
4B Yavapai |
2B Yuma |
ARKANSAS |
3A Arkansas |
3A Ashley |
4A Baxter |
4A Benton |
4A Boone |
3A Bradley |
3A Calhoun |
4A Carroll |
3A Chicot |
3A Clark |
3A Clay |
3A Cleburne |
3A Cleveland |
3A Columbia* |
3A Conway |
3A Craighead |
3A Crawford |
3A Crittenden |
3A Cross |
3A Dallas |
3A Desha |
3A Drew |
3A Faulkner |
3A Franklin |
4A Fulton |
3A Garland |
3A Grant |
3A Greene |
3A Hempstead* |
3A Hot Spring |
3A Howard |
3A Independence |
4A Izard |
3A Jackson |
3A Jefferson |
3A Johnson |
3A Lafayette* |
3A Lawrence |
3A Lee |
3A Lincoln |
3A Little River* |
3A Logan |
3A Lonoke |
4A Madison |
4A Marion |
3A Miller* |
3A Mississippi |
3A Monroe |
3A Montgomery |
3A Nevada |
4A Newton |
3A Ouachita |
3A Perry |
3A Phillips |
3A Pike |
3A Poinsett |
3A Polk |
3A Pope |
3A Prairie |
3A Pulaski |
3A Randolph |
3A Saline |
3A Scott |
4A Searcy |
3A Sebastian |
3A Sevier* |
3A Sharp |
3A St. Francis |
4A Stone |
3A Union* |
3A Van Buren |
4A Washington |
3A White |
3A Woodruff |
3A Yell |
CALIFORNIA |
3C Alameda |
6B Alpine |
4B Amador |
3B Butte |
4B Calaveras |
3B Colusa |
3B Contra Costa |
4C Del Norte |
4B El Dorado |
3B Fresno |
3B Glenn |
4C Humboldt |
2B Imperial |
4B Inyo |
3B Kern |
3B Kings |
4B Lake |
5B Lassen |
3B Los Angeles |
3B Madera |
3C Marin |
4B Mariposa |
3C Mendocino |
3B Merced |
5B Modoc |
6B Mono |
3C Monterey |
3C Napa |
5B Nevada |
3B Orange |
3B Placer |
5B Plumas |
3B Riverside |
3B Sacramento |
3C San Benito |
3B San Bernardino |
3B San Diego |
3C San Francisco |
3B San Joaquin |
3C San Luis Obispo |
3C San Mateo |
3C Santa Barbara |
3C Santa Clara |
3C Santa Cruz |
3B Shasta |
5B Sierra |
5B Siskiyou |
3B Solano |
3C Sonoma |
3B Stanislaus |
3B Sutter |
3B Tehama |
4B Trinity |
3B Tulare |
4B Tuolumne |
3C Ventura |
3B Yolo |
3B Yuba |
COLORADO |
5B Adams |
6B Alamosa |
5B Arapahoe |
6B Archuleta |
4B Baca |
4B Bent |
5B Boulder |
5B Broomfield |
6B Chaffee |
5B Cheyenne |
7 Clear Creek |
6B Conejos |
6B Costilla |
5B Crowley |
5B Custer |
5B Delta |
5B Denver |
6B Dolores |
5B Douglas |
6B Eagle |
5B Elbert |
5B El Paso |
5B Fremont |
5B Garfield |
5B Gilpin |
7 Grand |
7 Gunnison |
7 Hinsdale |
5B Huerfano |
7 Jackson |
5B Jefferson |
5B Kiowa |
5B Kit Carson |
7 Lake |
5B La Plata |
5B Larimer |
4B Las Animas |
5B Lincoln |
5B Logan |
5B Mesa |
7 Mineral |
6B Moffat |
5B Montezuma |
5B Montrose |
5B Morgan |
4B Otero |
6B Ouray |
7 Park |
5B Phillips |
7 Pitkin |
4B Prowers |
5B Pueblo |
6B Rio Blanco |
7 Rio Grande |
7 Routt |
6B Saguache |
7 San Juan |
6B San Miguel |
5B Sedgwick |
7 Summit |
5B Teller |
5B Washington |
5B Weld |
5B Yuma |
CONNECTICUT |
5A (all) |
DELAWARE |
4A (all) |
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA |
4A (all) |
FLORIDA |
2A Alachua* |
2A Baker* |
2A Bay* |
2A Bradford* |
2A Brevard* |
1A Broward* |
2A Calhoun* |
2A Charlotte* |
2A Citrus* |
2A Clay* |
2A Collier* |
2A Columbia* |
2A DeSoto* |
2A Dixie* |
2A Duval* |
2A Escambia* |
2A Flagler* |
2A Franklin* |
2A Gadsden* |
2A Gilchrist* |
2A Glades* |
2A Gulf* |
2A Hamilton* |
2A Hardee* |
2A Hendry* |
2A Hernando* |
2A Highlands* |
2A Hillsborough* |
2A Holmes* |
2A Indian River* |
2A Jackson* |
2A Jefferson* |
2A Lafayette* |
2A Lake* |
2A Lee* |
2A Leon* |
2A Levy* |
2A Liberty* |
2A Madison* |
2A Manatee* |
2A Marion* |
2A Martin* |
1A Miami-Dade* |
1A Monroe* |
2A Nassau* |
2A Okaloosa* |
2A Okeechobee* |
2A Orange* |
2A Osceola* |
1A Palm Beach* |
2A Pasco* |
2A Pinellas* |
2A Polk* |
2A Putnam* |
2A Santa Rosa* |
2A Sarasota* |
2A Seminole* |
2A St. Johns* |
2A St. Lucie* |
2A Sumter* |
2A Suwannee* |
2A Taylor* |
2A Union* |
2A Volusia* |
2A Wakulla* |
2A Walton* |
2A Washington* |
GEORGIA |
2A Appling* |
2A Atkinson* |
2A Bacon* |
2A Baker* |
3A Baldwin |
3A Banks |
3A Barrow |
3A Bartow |
3A Ben Hill* |
2A Berrien* |
3A Bibb |
3A Bleckley* |
2A Brantley* |
2A Brooks* |
2A Bryan* |
3A Bulloch* |
3A Burke |
3A Butts |
2A Calhoun* |
2A Camden* |
3A Candler* |
3A Carroll |
3A Catoosa |
2A Charlton* |
2A Chatham* |
3A Chattahoochee* |
3A Chattooga |
3A Cherokee |
3A Clarke |
3A Clay* |
3A Clayton |
2A Clinch* |
3A Cobb |
2A Coffee* |
2A Colquitt* |
3A Columbia |
2A Cook* |
3A Coweta |
3A Crawford |
3A Crisp* |
3A Dade |
3A Dawson |
2A Decatur* |
3A DeKalb |
3A Dodge* |
3A Dooly* |
2A Dougherty* |
3A Douglas |
2A Early* |
2A Echols* |
2A Effingham* |
3A Elbert |
3A Emanuel* |
2A Evans* |
3A Fannin |
3A Fayette |
3A Floyd |
3A Forsyth |
3A Franklin |
3A Fulton |
3A Gilmer |
3A Glascock |
2A Glynn* |
3A Gordon |
2A Grady* |
3A Greene |
3A Gwinnett |
3A Habersham |
3A Hall |
3A Hancock |
3A Haralson |
3A Harris |
3A Hart |
3A Heard |
3A Henry |
3A Houston* |
3A Irwin* |
3A Jackson |
3A Jasper |
2A Jeff Davis* |
3A Jefferson |
3A Jenkins* |
3A Johnson* |
3A Jones |
3A Lamar |
2A Lanier* |
3A Laurens* |
3A Lee* |
2A Liberty* |
3A Lincoln |
2A Long* |
2A Lowndes* |
3A Lumpkin |
3A Macon* |
3A Madison |
3A Marion* |
3A McDuffie |
2A McIntosh* |
3A Meriwether |
2A Miller* |
2A Mitchell* |
3A Monroe |
3A Montgomery* |
3A Morgan |
3A Murray |
3A Muscogee |
3A Newton |
3A Oconee |
3A Oglethorpe |
3A Paulding |
3A Peach* |
3A Pickens |
2A Pierce* |
3A Pike |
3A Polk |
3A Pulaski* |
3A Putnam |
3A Quitman* |
3A Rabun |
3A Randolph* |
3A Richmond |
3A Rockdale |
3A Schley* |
3A Screven* |
2A Seminole* |
3A Spalding |
3A Stephens |
3A Stewart* |
3A Sumter* |
3A Talbot |
3A Taliaferro |
2A Tattnall* |
3A Taylor* |
3A Telfair* |
3A Terrell* |
2A Thomas* |
2A Tift* |
2A Toombs* |
3A Towns |
3A Treutlen* |
3A Troup |
3A Turner* |
3A Twiggs* |
3A Union |
3A Upson |
3A Walker |
3A Walton |
2A Ware* |
3A Warren |
3A Washington |
2A Wayne* |
3A Webster* |
3A Wheeler* |
3A White |
3A Whitfield |
3A Wilcox* |
3A Wilkes |
3A Wilkinson |
2A Worth* |
HAWAII |
1A (all)* |
IDAHO |
5B Ada |
6B Adams |
6B Bannock |
6B Bear Lake |
5B Benewah |
6B Bingham |
6B Blaine |
6B Boise |
6B Bonner |
6B Bonneville |
6B Boundary |
6B Butte |
6B Camas |
5B Canyon |
6B Caribou |
5B Cassia |
6B Clark |
5B Clearwater |
6B Custer |
5B Elmore |
6B Franklin |
6B Fremont |
5B Gem |
5B Gooding |
5B Idaho |
6B Jefferson |
5B Jerome |
5B Kootenai |
5B Latah |
6B Lemhi |
5B Lewis |
5B Lincoln |
6B Madison |
5B Minidoka |
5B Nez Perce |
6B Oneida |
5B Owyhee |
5B Payette |
5B Power |
5B Shoshone |
6B Teton |
5B Twin Falls |
6B Valley |
5B Washington |
ILLINOIS |
5A Adams |
4A Alexander |
4A Bond |
5A Boone |
5A Brown |
5A Bureau |
4A Calhoun |
5A Carroll |
5A Cass |
5A Champaign |
4A Christian |
4A Clark |
4A Clay |
4A Clinton |
4A Coles |
5A Cook |
4A Crawford |
4A Cumberland |
5A DeKalb |
5A De Witt |
5A Douglas |
5A DuPage |
5A Edgar |
4A Edwards |
4A Effingham |
4A Fayette |
5A Ford |
4A Franklin |
5A Fulton |
4A Gallatin |
4A Greene |
5A Grundy |
4A Hamilton |
5A Hancock |
4A Hardin |
5A Henderson |
5A Henry |
5A Iroquois |
4A Jackson |
4A Jasper |
4A Jefferson |
4A Jersey |
5A Jo Daviess |
4A Johnson |
5A Kane |
5A Kankakee |
5A Kendall |
5A Knox |
5A Lake |
5A La Salle |
4A Lawrence |
5A Lee |
5A Livingston |
5A Logan |
5A Macon |
4A Macoupin |
4A Madison |
4A Marion |
5A Marshall |
5A Mason |
4A Massac |
5A McDonough |
5A McHenry |
5A McLean |
5A Menard |
5A Mercer |
4A Monroe |
4A Montgomery |
5A Morgan |
5A Moultrie |
5A Ogle |
5A Peoria |
4A Perry |
5A Piatt |
5A Pike |
4A Pope |
4A Pulaski |
5A Putnam |
4A Randolph |
4A Richland |
5A Rock Island |
4A Saline |
5A Sangamon |
5A Schuyler |
5A Scott |
4A Shelby |
5A Stark |
4A St. Clair |
5A Stephenson |
5A Tazewell |
4A Union |
5A Vermilion |
4A Wabash |
5A Warren |
4A Washington |
4A Wayne |
4A White |
5A Whiteside |
5A Will |
4A Williamson |
5A Winnebago |
5A Woodford |
INDIANA |
5A Adams |
5A Allen |
4A Bartholomew |
5A Benton |
5A Blackford |
5A Boone |
4A Brown |
5A Carroll |
5A Cass |
4A Clark |
4A Clay |
5A Clinton |
4A Crawford |
4A Daviess |
4A Dearborn |
4A Decatur |
5A De Kalb |
5A Delaware |
4A Dubois |
5A Elkhart |
4A Fayette |
4A Floyd |
5A Fountain |
4A Franklin |
5A Fulton |
4A Gibson |
5A Grant |
4A Greene |
5A Hamilton |
5A Hancock |
4A Harrison |
4A Hendricks |
5A Henry |
5A Howard |
5A Huntington |
4A Jackson |
5A Jasper |
5A Jay |
4A Jefferson |
4A Jennings |
4A Johnson |
4A Knox |
5A Kosciusko |
5A LaGrange |
5A Lake |
5A LaPorte |
4A Lawrence |
5A Madison |
4A Marion |
5A Marshall |
4A Martin |
5A Miami |
4A Monroe |
5A Montgomery |
4A Morgan |
5A Newton |
5A Noble |
4A Ohio |
4A Orange |
4A Owen |
5A Parke |
4A Perry |
4A Pike |
5A Porter |
4A Posey |
5A Pulaski |
4A Putnam |
5A Randolph |
4A Ripley |
4A Rush |
4A Scott |
4A Shelby |
4A Spencer |
5A Starke |
5A Steuben |
5A St. Joseph |
4A Sullivan |
4A Switzerland |
5A Tippecanoe |
5A Tipton |
4A Union |
4A Vanderburgh |
5A Vermillion |
4A Vigo |
5A Wabash |
5A Warren |
4A Warrick |
4A Washington |
5A Wayne |
5A Wells |
5A White |
5A Whitley |
IOWA |
5A Adair |
5A Adams |
5A Allamakee |
5A Appanoose |
5A Audubon |
5A Benton |
6A Black Hawk |
5A Boone |
5A Bremer |
5A Buchanan |
5A Buena Vista |
5A Butler |
5A Calhoun |
5A Carroll |
5A Cass |
5A Cedar |
6A Cerro Gordo |
5A Cherokee |
5A Chickasaw |
5A Clarke |
6A Clay |
5A Clayton |
5A Clinton |
5A Crawford |
5A Dallas |
5A Davis |
5A Decatur |
5A Delaware |
5A Des Moines |
6A Dickinson |
5A Dubuque |
6A Emmet |
5A Fayette |
5A Floyd |
5A Franklin |
5A Fremont |
5A Greene |
5A Grundy |
5A Guthrie |
5A Hamilton |
6A Hancock |
5A Hardin |
5A Harrison |
5A Henry |
5A Howard |
5A Humboldt |
5A Ida |
5A Iowa |
5A Jackson |
5A Jasper |
5A Jefferson |
5A Johnson |
5A Jones |
5A Keokuk |
6A Kossuth |
5A Lee |
5A Linn |
5A Louisa |
5A Lucas |
6A Lyon |
5A Madison |
5A Mahaska |
5A Marion |
5A Marshall |
5A Mills |
6A Mitchell |
5A Monona |
5A Monroe |
5A Montgomery |
5A Muscatine |
6A O’Brien |
6A Osceola |
5A Page |
6A Palo Alto |
5A Plymouth |
5A Pocahontas |
5A Polk |
5A Pottawattamie |
5A Poweshiek |
5A Ringgold |
5A Sac |
5A Scott |
5A Shelby |
6A Sioux |
5A Story |
5A Tama |
5A Taylor |
5A Union |
5A Van Buren |
5A Wapello |
5A Warren |
5A Washington |
5A Wayne |
5A Webster |
6A Winnebago |
5A Winneshiek |
5A Woodbury |
6A Worth |
5A Wright |
KANSAS |
4A Allen |
4A Anderson |
4A Atchison |
4A Barber |
4A Barton |
4A Bourbon |
4A Brown |
4A Butler |
4A Chase |
4A Chautauqua |
4A Cherokee |
5A Cheyenne |
4A Clark |
4A Clay |
4A Cloud |
4A Coffey |
4A Comanche |
4A Cowley |
4A Crawford |
5A Decatur |
4A Dickinson |
4A Doniphan |
4A Douglas |
4A Edwards |
4A Elk |
4A Ellis |
4A Ellsworth |
4A Finney |
4A Ford |
4A Franklin |
4A Geary |
5A Gove |
4A Graham |
4A Grant |
4A Gray |
5A Greeley |
4A Greenwood |
4A Hamilton |
4A Harper |
4A Harvey |
4A Haskell |
4A Hodgeman |
4A Jackson |
4A Jefferson |
5A Jewell |
4A Johnson |
4A Kearny |
4A Kingman |
4A Kiowa |
4A Labette |
4A Lane |
4A Leavenworth |
4A Lincoln |
4A Linn |
5A Logan |
4A Lyon |
4A Marion |
4A Marshall |
4A McPherson |
4A Meade |
4A Miami |
4A Mitchell |
4A Montgomery |
4A Morris |
4A Morton |
4A Nemaha |
4A Neosho |
4A Ness |
5A Norton |
4A Osage |
4A Osborne |
4A Ottawa |
4A Pawnee |
5A Phillips |
4A Pottawatomie |
4A Pratt |
5A Rawlins |
4A Reno |
5A Republic |
4A Rice |
4A Riley |
4A Rooks |
4A Rush |
4A Russell |
4A Saline |
5A Scott |
4A Sedgwick |
4A Seward |
4A Shawnee |
5A Sheridan |
5A Sherman |
5A Smith |
4A Stafford |
4A Stanton |
4A Stevens |
4A Sumner |
5A Thomas |
4A Trego |
4A Wabaunsee |
5A Wallace |
4A Washington |
5A Wichita |
4A Wilson |
4A Woodson |
4A Wyandotte |
KENTUCKY |
4A (all) |
LOUISIANA |
2A Acadia* |
2A Allen* |
2A Ascension* |
2A Assumption* |
2A Avoyelles* |
2A Beauregard* |
3A Bienville* |
3A Bossier* |
3A Caddo* |
2A Calcasieu* |
3A Caldwell* |
2A Cameron* |
3A Catahoula* |
3A Claiborne* |
3A Concordia* |
3A De Soto* |
2A East Baton Rouge* |
3A East Carroll |
2A East Feliciana* |
2A Evangeline* |
3A Franklin* |
3A Grant* |
2A Iberia* |
2A Iberville* |
3A Jackson* |
2A Jefferson* |
2A Jefferson Davis* |
2A Lafayette* |
2A Lafourche* |
3A La Salle* |
3A Lincoln* |
2A Livingston* |
3A Madison* |
3A Morehouse |
3A Natchitoches* |
2A Orleans* |
3A Ouachita* |
2A Plaquemines* |
2A Pointe Coupee* |
2A Rapides* |
3A Red River* |
3A Richland* |
3A Sabine* |
2A St. Bernard* |
2A St. Charles* |
2A St. Helena* |
2A St. James* |
2A St. John the Baptist* |
2A St. Landry* |
2A St. Martin* |
2A St. Mary* |
2A St. Tammany* |
2A Tangipahoa* |
3A Tensas* |
2A Terrebonne* |
3A Union* |
2A Vermilion* |
3A Vernon* |
2A Washington* |
3A Webster* |
2A West Baton Rouge* |
3A West Carroll |
2A West Feliciana* |
3A Winn* |
MAINE |
6A Androscoggin |
7 Aroostook |
6A Cumberland |
6A Franklin |
6A Hancock |
6A Kennebec |
6A Knox |
6A Lincoln |
6A Oxford |
6A Penobscot |
6A Piscataquis |
6A Sagadahoc |
6A Somerset |
6A Waldo |
6A Washington |
MARYLAND |
6A York |
5A Allegany |
4A Anne Arundel |
4A Baltimore |
4A Baltimore (city) |
4A Calvert |
4A Caroline |
4A Carroll |
4A Cecil |
4A Charles |
4A Dorchester |
4A Frederick |
5A Garrett |
4A Harford |
4A Howard |
4A Kent |
4A Montgomery |
4A Prince George’s |
4A Queen Anne’s |
4A Somerset |
4A St. Mary’s |
4A Talbot |
4A Washington |
4A Wicomico |
4A Worcester |
MASSACHUSETTS |
5A (all) |
MICHIGAN |
6A Alcona |
6A Alger |
5A Allegan |
6A Alpena |
6A Antrim |
6A Arenac |
6A Baraga |
5A Barry |
5A Bay |
6A Benzie |
5A Berrien |
5A Branch |
5A Calhoun |
5A Cass |
6A Charlevoix |
6A Cheboygan |
6A Chippewa |
6A Clare |
5A Clinton |
6A Crawford |
6A Delta |
6A Dickinson |
5A Eaton |
6A Emmet |
5A Genesee |
6A Gladwin |
6A Gogebic |
6A Grand Traverse |
5A Gratiot |
5A Hillsdale |
6A Houghton |
5A Huron |
5A Ingham |
5A Ionia |
6A Iosco |
6A Iron |
6A Isabella |
5A Jackson |
5A Kalamazoo |
6A Kalkaska |
5A Kent |
7 Keweenaw |
6A Lake |
5A Lapeer |
6A Leelanau |
5A Lenawee |
5A Livingston |
6A Luce |
6A Mackinac |
5A Macomb |
6A Manistee |
7 Marquette |
6A Mason |
6A Mecosta |
6A Menominee |
5A Midland |
6A Missaukee |
5A Monroe |
5A Montcalm |
6A Montmorency |
5A Muskegon |
6A Newaygo |
5A Oakland |
6A Oceana |
6A Ogemaw |
6A Ontonagon |
6A Osceola |
6A Oscoda |
6A Otsego |
5A Ottawa |
6A Presque Isle |
6A Roscommon |
5A Saginaw |
5A Sanilac |
6A Schoolcraft |
5A Shiawassee |
5A St. Clair |
5A St. Joseph |
5A Tuscola |
5A Van Buren |
5A Washtenaw |
5A Wayne |
6A Wexford |
MINNESOTA |
7 Aitkin |
6A Anoka |
6A Becker |
7 Beltrami |
6A Benton |
6A Big Stone |
6A Blue Earth |
6A Brown |
7 Carlton |
6A Carver |
7 Cass |
6A Chippewa |
6A Chisago |
6A Clay |
7 Clearwater |
7 Cook |
6A Cottonwood |
7 Crow Wing |
6A Dakota |
6A Dodge |
6A Douglas |
6A Faribault |
5A Fillmore |
6A Freeborn |
6A Goodhue |
6A Grant |
6A Hennepin |
5A Houston |
7 Hubbard |
6A Isanti |
7 Itasca |
6A Jackson |
6A Kanabec |
6A Kandiyohi |
7 Kittson |
7 Koochiching |
6A Lac qui Parle |
7 Lake |
7 Lake of the Woods |
6A Le Sueur |
6A Lincoln |
6A Lyon |
7 Mahnomen |
7 Marshall |
6A Martin |
6A McLeod |
6A Meeker |
6A Mille Lacs |
6A Morrison |
6A Mower |
6A Murray |
6A Nicollet |
6A Nobles |
7 Norman |
6A Olmsted |
6A Otter Tail |
7 Pennington |
7 Pine |
6A Pipestone |
7 Polk |
6A Pope |
6A Ramsey |
7 Red Lake |
6A Redwood |
6A Renville |
6A Rice |
6A Rock |
7 Roseau |
6A Scott |
6A Sherburne |
6A Sibley |
6A Stearns |
6A Steele |
6A Stevens |
7 St. Louis |
6A Swift |
6A Todd |
6A Traverse |
6A Wabasha |
7 Wadena |
6A Waseca |
6A Washington |
6A Watonwan |
6A Wilkin |
5A Winona |
6A Wright |
6A Yellow Medicine |
MISSISSIPPI |
3A Adams* |
3A Alcorn |
3A Amite* |
3A Attala |
3A Benton |
3A Bolivar |
3A Calhoun |
3A Carroll |
3A Chickasaw |
3A Choctaw |
3A Claiborne* |
3A Clarke |
3A Clay |
3A Coahoma |
3A Copiah* |
3A Covington* |
3A DeSoto |
3A Forrest* |
3A Franklin* |
2A George* |
3A Greene* |
3A Grenada |
2A Hancock* |
2A Harrison* |
3A Hinds* |
3A Holmes |
3A Humphreys |
3A Issaquena |
3A Itawamba |
2A Jackson* |
3A Jasper |
3A Jefferson* |
3A Jefferson Davis* |
3A Jones* |
3A Kemper |
3A Lafayette |
3A Lamar* |
3A Lauderdale |
3A Lawrence* |
3A Leake |
3A Lee |
3A Leflore |
3A Lincoln* |
3A Lowndes |
3A Madison |
3A Marion* |
3A Marshall |
3A Monroe |
3A Montgomery |
3A Neshoba |
3A Newton |
3A Noxubee |
3A Oktibbeha |
3A Panola |
2A Pearl River* |
3A Perry* |
3A Pike* |
3A Pontotoc |
3A Prentiss |
3A Quitman |
3A Rankin* |
3A Scott |
3A Sharkey |
3A Simpson* |
3A Smith* |
2A Stone* |
3A Sunflower |
3A Tallahatchie |
3A Tate |
3A Tippah |
3A Tishomingo |
3A Tunica |
3A Union |
3A Walthall* |
3A Warren* |
3A Washington |
3A Wayne* |
3A Webster |
3A Wilkinson* |
3A Winston |
3A Yalobusha |
3A Yazoo |
MISSOURI |
5A Adair |
5A Andrew |
5A Atchison |
4A Audrain |
4A Barry |
4A Barton |
4A Bates |
4A Benton |
4A Bollinger |
4A Boone |
4A Buchanan |
4A Butler |
4A Caldwell |
4A Callaway |
4A Camden |
4A Cape Girardeau |
4A Carroll |
4A Carter |
4A Cass |
4A Cedar |
4A Chariton |
4A Christian |
5A Clark |
4A Clay |
4A Clinton |
4A Cole |
4A Cooper |
4A Crawford |
4A Dade |
4A Dallas |
5A Daviess |
5A DeKalb |
4A Dent |
4A Douglas |
3A Dunklin |
4A Franklin |
4A Gasconade |
5A Gentry |
4A Greene |
5A Grundy |
5A Harrison |
4A Henry |
4A Hickory |
5A Holt |
4A Howard |
4A Howell |
4A Iron |
4A Jackson |
4A Jasper |
4A Jefferson |
4A Johnson |
5A Knox |
4A Laclede |
4A Lafayette |
4A Lawrence |
5A Lewis |
4A Lincoln |
5A Linn |
5A Livingston |
5A Macon |
4A Madison |
4A Maries |
5A Marion |
4A McDonald |
5A Mercer |
4A Miller |
4A Mississippi |
4A Moniteau |
4A Monroe |
4A Montgomery |
4A Morgan |
4A New Madrid |
4A Newton |
5A Nodaway |
4A Oregon |
4A Osage |
4A Ozark |
3A Pemiscot |
4A Perry |
4A Pettis |
4A Phelps |
5A Pike |
4A Platte |
4A Polk |
4A Pulaski |
5A Putnam |
5A Ralls |
4A Randolph |
4A Ray |
4A Reynolds |
4A Ripley |
4A Saline |
5A Schuyler |
5A Scotland |
4A Scott |
4A Shannon |
5A Shelby |
4A St. Charles |
4A St. Clair |
4A St. Francois |
4A St. Louis |
4A St. Louis (city) |
4A Ste. Genevieve |
4A Stoddard |
4A Stone |
5A Sullivan |
4A Taney |
4A Texas |
4A Vernon |
4A Warren |
4A Washington |
4A Wayne |
4A Webster |
5A Worth |
4A Wright |
MONTANA |
6B (all) |
NEBRASKA |
5A (all) |
NEVADA |
4B Carson City (city) |
5B Churchill |
3B Clark |
4B Douglas |
5B Elko |
4B Esmeralda |
5B Eureka |
5B Humboldt |
5B Lander |
4B Lincoln |
4B Lyon |
4B Mineral |
4B Nye |
5B Pershing |
5B Storey |
5B Washoe |
5B White Pine |
NEW HAMPSHIRE |
6A Belknap |
6A Carroll |
5A Cheshire |
6A Coos |
6A Grafton |
5A Hillsborough |
5A Merrimack |
5A Rockingham |
5A Strafford |
6A Sullivan |
NEW JERSEY |
4A Atlantic |
5A Bergen |
4A Burlington |
4A Camden |
4A Cape May |
4A Cumberland |
4A Essex |
4A Gloucester |
4A Hudson |
5A Hunterdon |
4A Mercer |
4A Middlesex |
4A Monmouth |
5A Morris |
4A Ocean |
5A Passaic |
4A Salem |
5A Somerset |
5A Sussex |
4A Union |
5A Warren |
NEW MEXICO |
4B Bernalillo |
4B Catron |
3B Chaves |
4B Cibola |
5B Colfax |
4B Curry |
4B DeBaca |
3B Doña Ana |
3B Eddy |
4B Grant |
4B Guadalupe |
5B Harding |
3B Hidalgo |
3B Lea |
4B Lincoln |
5B Los Alamos |
3B Luna |
5B McKinley |
5B Mora |
3B Otero |
4B Quay |
5B Rio Arriba |
4B Roosevelt |
5B Sandoval |
5B San Juan |
5B San Miguel |
5B Santa Fe |
3B Sierra |
4B Socorro |
5B Taos |
5B Torrance |
4B Union |
4B Valencia |
NEW YORK |
5A Albany |
5A Allegany |
4A Bronx |
5A Broome |
5A Cattaraugus |
5A Cayuga |
5A Chautauqua |
5A Chemung |
6A Chenango |
6A Clinton |
5A Columbia |
5A Cortland |
6A Delaware |
5A Dutchess |
5A Erie |
6A Essex |
6A Franklin |
6A Fulton |
5A Genesee |
5A Greene |
6A Hamilton |
6A Herkimer |
6A Jefferson |
4A Kings |
6A Lewis |
5A Livingston |
6A Madison |
5A Monroe |
6A Montgomery |
4A Nassau |
4A New York |
5A Niagara |
6A Oneida |
5A Onondaga |
5A Ontario |
5A Orange |
5A Orleans |
5A Oswego |
6A Otsego |
5A Putnam |
4A Queens |
5A Rensselaer |
4A Richmond |
5A Rockland |
5A Saratoga |
5A Schenectady |
5A Schoharie |
5A Schuyler |
5A Seneca |
5A Steuben |
6A St. Lawrence |
4A Suffolk |
6A Sullivan |
5A Tioga |
5A Tompkins |
6A Ulster |
6A Warren |
5A Washington |
5A Wayne |
4A Westchester |
5A Wyoming |
5A Yates |
NORTH CAROLINA |
3A Alamance |
3A Alexander |
5A Alleghany |
3A Anson |
5A Ashe |
5A Avery |
3A Beaufort |
3A Bertie |
3A Bladen |
3A Brunswick* |
4A Buncombe |
4A Burke |
3A Cabarrus |
4A Caldwell |
3A Camden |
3A Carteret* |
3A Caswell |
3A Catawba |
3A Chatham |
3A Cherokee |
3A Chowan |
3A Clay |
3A Cleveland |
3A Columbus* |
3A Craven |
3A Cumberland |
3A Currituck |
3A Dare |
3A Davidson |
3A Davie |
3A Duplin |
3A Durham |
3A Edgecombe |
3A Forsyth |
3A Franklin |
3A Gaston |
3A Gates |
4A Graham |
3A Granville |
3A Greene |
3A Guilford |
3A Halifax |
3A Harnett |
4A Haywood |
4A Henderson |
3A Hertford |
3A Hoke |
3A Hyde |
3A Iredell |
4A Jackson |
3A Johnston |
3A Jones |
3A Lee |
3A Lenoir |
3A Lincoln |
4A Macon |
4A Madison |
3A Martin |
4A McDowell |
3A Mecklenburg |
4A Mitchell |
3A Montgomery |
3A Moore |
3A Nash |
3A New Hanover* |
3A Northampton |
3A Onslow* |
3A Orange |
3A Pamlico |
3A Pasquotank |
3A Pender* |
3A Perquimans |
3A Person |
3A Pitt |
3A Polk |
3A Randolph |
3A Richmond |
3A Robeson |
3A Rockingham |
3A Rowan |
3A Rutherford |
3A Sampson |
3A Scotland |
3A Stanly |
4A Stokes |
4A Surry |
4A Swain |
4A Transylvania |
3A Tyrrell |
3A Union |
3A Vance |
3A Wake |
3A Warren |
3A Washington |
5A Watauga |
3A Wayne |
3A Wilkes |
3A Wilson |
4A Yadkin |
5A Yancey |
NORTH DAKOTA |
6A Adams |
6A Barnes |
7 Benson |
6A Billings |
7 Bottineau |
6A Bowman |
7 Burke |
6A Burleigh |
6A Cass |
7 Cavalier |
6A Dickey |
7 Divide |
6A Dunn |
6A Eddy |
6A Emmons |
6A Foster |
6A Golden Valley |
7 Grand Forks |
6A Grant |
6A Griggs |
6A Hettinger |
6A Kidder |
6A LaMoure |
6A Logan |
7 McHenry |
6A McIntosh |
6A McKenzie |
6A McLean |
6A Mercer |
6A Morton |
6A Mountrail |
7 Nelson |
6A Oliver |
7 Pembina |
7 Pierce |
7 Ramsey |
6A Ransom |
7 Renville |
6A Richland |
7 Rolette |
6A Sargent |
6A Sheridan |
6A Sioux |
6A Slope |
6A Stark |
6A Steele |
6A Stutsman |
7 Towner |
6A Traill |
7 Walsh |
7 Ward |
6A Wells |
6A Williams |
OHIO |
4A Adams |
5A Allen |
5A Ashland |
5A Ashtabula |
4A Athens |
5A Auglaize |
5A Belmont |
4A Brown |
4A Butler |
5A Carroll |
5A Champaign |
5A Clark |
4A Clermont |
4A Clinton |
5A Columbiana |
5A Coshocton |
5A Crawford |
5A Cuyahoga |
5A Darke |
5A Defiance |
5A Delaware |
5A Erie |
5A Fairfield |
4A Fayette |
4A Franklin |
5A Fulton |
4A Gallia |
5A Geauga |
4A Greene |
5A Guernsey |
4A Hamilton |
5A Hancock |
5A Hardin |
5A Harrison |
5A Henry |
4A Highland |
4A Hocking |
5A Holmes |
5A Huron |
4A Jackson |
5A Jefferson |
5A Knox |
5A Lake |
4A Lawrence |
5A Licking |
5A Logan |
5A Lorain |
5A Lucas |
4A Madison |
5A Mahoning |
5A Marion |
5A Medina |
4A Meigs |
5A Mercer |
5A Miami |
5A Monroe |
5A Montgomery |
5A Morgan |
5A Morrow |
5A Muskingum |
5A Noble |
5A Ottawa |
5A Paulding |
5A Perry |
4A Pickaway |
4A Pike |
5A Portage |
5A Preble |
5A Putnam |
5A Richland |
4A Ross |
5A Sandusky |
4A Scioto |
5A Seneca |
5A Shelby |
5A Stark |
5A Summit |
5A Trumbull |
5A Tuscarawas |
5A Union |
5A Van Wert |
4A Vinton |
4A Warren |
4A Washington |
5A Wayne |
5A Williams |
5A Wood |
5A Wyandot |
OKLAHOMA |
3A Adair |
4A Alfalfa |
3A Atoka |
4B Beaver |
3A Beckham |
3A Blaine |
3A Bryan |
3A Caddo |
3A Canadian |
3A Carter |
3A Cherokee |
3A Choctaw |
4B Cimarron |
3A Cleveland |
3A Coal |
3A Comanche |
3A Cotton |
4A Craig |
3A Creek |
3A Custer |
4A Delaware |
3A Dewey |
4A Ellis |
4A Garfield |
3A Garvin |
3A Grady |
4A Grant |
3A Greer |
3A Harmon |
4A Harper |
3A Haskell |
3A Hughes |
3A Jackson |
3A Jefferson |
3A Johnston |
4A Kay |
3A Kingfisher |
3A Kiowa |
3A Latimer |
3A Le Flore |
3A Lincoln |
3A Logan |
3A Love |
4A Major |
3A Marshall |
3A Mayes |
3A McClain |
3A McCurtain |
3A McIntosh |
3A Murray |
3A Muskogee |
3A Noble |
4A Nowata |
3A Okfuskee |
3A Oklahoma |
3A Okmulgee |
4A Osage |
4A Ottawa |
3A Pawnee |
3A Payne |
3A Pittsburg |
3A Pontotoc |
3A Pottawatomie |
3A Pushmataha |
3A Roger Mills |
3A Rogers |
3A Seminole |
3A Sequoyah |
3A Stephens |
4B Texas |
3A Tillman |
3A Tulsa |
3A Wagoner |
4A Washington |
3A Washita |
4A Woods |
4A Woodward |
OREGON |
5B Baker |
4C Benton |
4C Clackamas |
4C Clatsop |
4C Columbia |
4C Coos |
5B Crook |
4C Curry |
5B Deschutes |
4C Douglas |
5B Gilliam |
5B Grant |
5B Harney |
5B Hood River |
4C Jackson |
5B Jefferson |
4C Josephine |
5B Klamath |
5B Lake |
4C Lane |
4C Lincoln |
4C Linn |
5B Malheur |
4C Marion |
5B Morrow |
4C Multnomah |
4C Polk |
5B Sherman |
4C Tillamook |
5B Umatilla |
5B Union |
5B Wallowa |
5B Wasco |
4C Washington |
5B Wheeler |
4C Yamhill |
PENNSYLVANIA |
4A Adams |
5A Allegheny |
5A Armstrong |
5A Beaver |
5A Bedford |
4A Berks |
5A Blair |
5A Bradford |
4A Bucks |
5A Butler |
5A Cambria |
5A Cameron |
5A Carbon |
5A Centre |
4A Chester |
5A Clarion |
5A Clearfield |
5A Clinton |
5A Columbia |
5A Crawford |
4A Cumberland |
4A Dauphin |
4A Delaware |
5A Elk |
5A Erie |
5A Fayette |
5A Forest |
4A Franklin |
5A Fulton |
5A Greene |
5A Huntingdon |
5A Indiana |
5A Jefferson |
5A Juniata |
5A Lackawanna |
4A Lancaster |
5A Lawrence |
4A Lebanon |
5A Lehigh |
5A Luzerne |
5A Lycoming |
5A McKean |
5A Mercer |
5A Mifflin |
5A Monroe |
4A Montgomery |
5A Montour |
5A Northampton |
5A Northumberland |
4A Perry |
4A Philadelphia |
5A Pike |
5A Potter |
5A Schuylkill |
5A Snyder |
5A Somerset |
5A Sullivan |
5A Susquehanna |
5A Tioga |
5A Union |
5A Venango |
5A Warren |
5A Washington |
5A Wayne |
5A Westmoreland |
5A Wyoming |
4A York |
RHODE ISLAND |
5A (all) |
SOUTH CAROLINA |
3A Abbeville |
3A Aiken |
3A Allendale* |
3A Anderson |
3A Bamberg* |
3A Barnwell* |
2A Beaufort* |
3A Berkeley* |
3A Calhoun |
3A Charleston* |
3A Cherokee |
3A Chester |
3A Chesterfield |
3A Clarendon |
3A Colleton* |
3A Darlington |
3A Dillon |
3A Dorchester* |
3A Edgefield |
3A Fairfield |
3A Florence |
3A Georgetown* |
3A Greenville |
3A Greenwood |
3A Hampton* |
3A Horry* |
2A Jasper* |
3A Kershaw |
3A Lancaster |
3A Laurens |
3A Lee |
3A Lexington |
3A Marion |
3A Marlboro |
3A McCormick |
3A Newberry |
3A Oconee |
3A Orangeburg |
3A Pickens |
3A Richland |
3A Saluda |
3A Spartanburg |
3A Sumter |
3A Union |
3A Williamsburg |
3A York |
SOUTH DAKOTA |
6A Aurora |
6A Beadle |
5A Bennett |
5A Bon Homme |
6A Brookings |
6A Brown |
5A Brule |
6A Buffalo |
6A Butte |
6A Campbell |
5A Charles Mix |
6A Clark |
5A Clay |
6A Codington |
6A Corson |
6A Custer |
6A Davison |
6A Day |
6A Deuel |
6A Dewey |
5A Douglas |
6A Edmunds |
6A Fall River |
6A Faulk |
6A Grant |
5A Gregory |
5A Haakon |
6A Hamlin |
6A Hand |
6A Hanson |
6A Harding |
6A Hughes |
5A Hutchinson |
6A Hyde |
5A Jackson |
6A Jerauld |
5A Jones |
6A Kingsbury |
6A Lake |
6A Lawrence |
6A Lincoln |
5A Lyman |
6A Marshall |
6A McCook |
6A McPherson |
6A Meade |
5A Mellette |
6A Miner |
6A Minnehaha |
6A Moody |
6A Pennington |
6A Perkins |
6A Potter |
6A Roberts |
6A Sanborn |
6A Shannon |
6A Spink |
5A Stanley |
6A Sully |
5A Todd |
5A Tripp |
6A Turner |
5A Union |
6A Walworth |
5A Yankton |
6A Ziebach |
TENNESSEE |
4A Anderson |
3A Bedford |
4A Benton |
4A Bledsoe |
4A Blount |
4A Bradley |
4A Campbell |
4A Cannon |
4A Carroll |
4A Carter |
4A Cheatham |
3A Chester |
4A Claiborne |
4A Clay |
4A Cocke |
3A Coffee |
3A Crockett |
4A Cumberland |
3A Davidson |
3A Decatur |
4A DeKalb |
4A Dickson |
3A Dyer |
3A Fayette |
4A Fentress |
3A Franklin |
3A Gibson |
3A Giles |
4A Grainger |
4A Greene |
3A Grundy |
4A Hamblen |
3A Hamilton |
4A Hancock |
3A Hardeman |
3A Hardin |
4A Hawkins |
3A Haywood |
3A Henderson |
4A Henry |
3A Hickman |
4A Houston |
4A Humphreys |
4A Jackson |
4A Jefferson |
4A Johnson |
4A Knox |
4A Lake |
3A Lauderdale |
3A Lawrence |
3A Lewis |
3A Lincoln |
4A Loudon |
4A Macon |
3A Madison |
3A Marion |
3A Marshall |
3A Maury |
4A McMinn |
3A McNairy |
4A Meigs |
4A Monroe |
4A Montgomery |
3A Moore |
4A Morgan |
4A Obion |
4A Overton |
3A Perry |
4A Pickett |
4A Polk |
4A Putnam |
4A Rhea |
4A Roane |
4A Robertson |
3A Rutherford |
4A Scott |
4A Sequatchie |
4A Sevier |
3A Shelby |
4A Smith |
4A Stewart |
4A Sullivan |
4A Sumner |
3A Tipton |
4A Trousdale |
4A Unicoi |
4A Union |
4A Van Buren |
4A Warren |
4A Washington |
3A Wayne |
4A Weakley |
4A White |
3A Williamson |
4A Wilson |
TEXAS |
2A Anderson* |
3B Andrews |
2A Angelina* |
2A Aransas* |
3A Archer |
4B Armstrong |
2A Atascosa* |
2A Austin* |
4B Bailey |
2B Bandera |
2A Bastrop* |
3B Baylor |
2A Bee* |
2A Bell* |
2A Bexar* |
3A Blanco* |
3B Borden |
2A Bosque* |
3A Bowie* |
2A Brazoria* |
2A Brazos* |
3B Brewster |
4B Briscoe |
2A Brooks* |
3A Brown* |
2A Burleson* |
3A Burnet* |
2A Caldwell* |
2A Calhoun* |
3B Callahan |
1A Cameron* |
3A Camp* |
4B Carson |
3A Cass* |
4B Castro |
2A Chambers* |
2A Cherokee* |
3B Childress |
3A Clay |
4B Cochran |
3B Coke |
3B Coleman |
3A Collin* |
3B Collingsworth |
2A Colorado* |
2A Comal* |
3A Comanche* |
3B Concho |
3A Cooke |
2A Coryell* |
3B Cottle |
3B Crane |
3B Crockett |
3B Crosby |
3B Culberson |
4B Dallam |
2A Dallas* |
3B Dawson |
4B Deaf Smith |
3A Delta |
3A Denton* |
2A DeWitt* |
3B Dickens |
2B Dimmit |
4B Donley |
2A Duval* |
3A Eastland |
3B Ector |
2B Edwards |
2A Ellis* |
3B El Paso |
3A Erath* |
2A Falls* |
3A Fannin |
2A Fayette* |
3B Fisher |
4B Floyd |
3B Foard |
2A Fort Bend* |
3A Franklin* |
2A Freestone* |
2B Frio |
3B Gaines |
2A Galveston* |
3B Garza |
3A Gillespie* |
3B Glasscock |
2A Goliad* |
2A Gonzales* |
4B Gray |
3A Grayson |
3A Gregg* |
2A Grimes* |
2A Guadalupe* |
4B Hale |
3B Hall |
3A Hamilton* |
4B Hansford |
3B Hardeman |
2A Hardin* |
2A Harris* |
3A Harrison* |
4B Hartley |
3B Haskell |
2A Hays* |
3B Hemphill |
3A Henderson* |
1A Hidalgo* |
2A Hill* |
4B Hockley |
3A Hood* |
3A Hopkins* |
2A Houston* |
3B Howard |
3B Hudspeth |
3A Hunt* |
4B Hutchinson |
3B Irion |
3A Jack |
2A Jackson* |
2A Jasper* |
3B Jeff Davis |
2A Jefferson* |
2A Jim Hogg* |
2A Jim Wells* |
2A Johnson* |
3B Jones |
2A Karnes* |
3A Kaufman* |
3A Kendall* |
2A Kenedy* |
3B Kent |
3B Kerr |
3B Kimble |
3B King |
2B Kinney |
2A Kleberg* |
3B Knox |
3A Lamar* |
4B Lamb |
3A Lampasas* |
2B La Salle |
2A Lavaca* |
2A Lee* |
2A Leon* |
2A Liberty* |
2A Limestone* |
4B Lipscomb |
2A Live Oak* |
3A Llano* |
3B Loving |
3B Lubbock |
3B Lynn |
2A Madison* |
3A Marion* |
3B Martin |
3B Mason |
2A Matagorda* |
2B Maverick |
3B McCulloch |
2A McLennan* |
2A McMullen* |
2B Medina |
3B Menard |
3B Midland |
2A Milam* |
3A Mills* |
3B Mitchell |
3A Montague |
2A Montgomery* |
4B Moore |
3A Morris* |
3B Motley |
3A Nacogdoches* |
2A Navarro* |
2A Newton* |
3B Nolan |
2A Nueces* |
4B Ochiltree |
4B Oldham |
2A Orange* |
3A Palo Pinto* |
3A Panola* |
3A Parker* |
4B Parmer |
3B Pecos |
2A Polk* |
4B Potter |
3B Presidio |
3A Rains* |
4B Randall |
3B Reagan |
2B Real |
3A Red River* |
3B Reeves |
2A Refugio* |
4B Roberts |
2A Robertson* |
3A Rockwall* |
3B Runnels |
3A Rusk* |
3A Sabine* |
3A San Augustine* |
2A San Jacinto* |
2A San Patricio* |
3A San Saba* |
3B Schleicher |
3B Scurry |
3B Shackelford |
3A Shelby* |
4B Sherman |
3A Smith* |
3A Somervell* |
2A Starr* |
3A Stephens |
3B Sterling |
3B Stonewall |
3B Sutton |
4B Swisher |
2A Tarrant* |
3B Taylor |
3B Terrell |
3B Terry |
3B Throckmorton |
3A Titus* |
3B Tom Green |
2A Travis* |
2A Trinity* |
2A Tyler* |
3A Upshur* |
3B Upton |
2B Uvalde |
2B Val Verde |
3A Van Zandt* |
2A Victoria* |
2A Walker* |
2A Waller* |
3B Ward |
2A Washington* |
2B Webb |
2A Wharton* |
3B Wheeler |
3A Wichita |
3B Wilbarger |
1A Willacy* |
2A Williamson* |
2A Wilson* |
3B Winkler |
3A Wise |
3A Wood* |
4B Yoakum |
3A Young |
2B Zapata |
2B Zavala |
UTAH |
5B Beaver |
5B Box Elder |
5B Cache |
5B Carbon |
6B Daggett |
5B Davis |
6B Duchesne |
5B Emery |
5B Garfield |
5B Grand |
5B Iron |
5B Juab |
5B Kane |
5B Millard |
6B Morgan |
5B Piute |
6B Rich |
5B Salt Lake |
5B San Juan |
5B Sanpete |
5B Sevier |
6B Summit |
5B Tooele |
6B Uintah |
5B Utah |
6B Wasatch |
3B Washington |
5B Wayne |
5B Weber |
VERMONT |
6A (all) |
VIRGINIA |
4A (all except as follows:) |
5A Alleghany |
5A Bath |
3A Brunswick |
3A Chesapeake |
5A Clifton Forge |
5A Covington |
3A Emporia |
3A Franklin |
3A Greensville |
3A Halifax |
3A Hampton |
5A Highland |
3A Isle of Wight |
3A Mecklenburg |
3A Newport News |
3A Norfolk |
3A Pittsylvania |
3A Portsmouth |
3A South Boston |
3A Southampton |
3A Suffolk |
3A Surry |
3A Sussex |
3A Virginia Beach |
WASHINGTON |
5B Adams |
5B Asotin |
5B Benton |
5B Chelan |
5C Clallam |
4C Clark |
5B Columbia |
4C Cowlitz |
5B Douglas |
6B Ferry |
5B Franklin |
5B Garfield |
5B Grant |
4C Grays Harbor |
5C Island |
4C Jefferson |
4C King |
5C Kitsap |
5B Kittitas |
5B Klickitat |
4C Lewis |
5B Lincoln |
4C Mason |
5B Okanogan |
4C Pacific |
6B Pend Oreille |
4C Pierce |
5C San Juan |
4C Skagit |
5B Skamania |
4C Snohomish |
5B Spokane |
6B Stevens |
4C Thurston |
4C Wahkiakum |
5B Walla Walla |
4C Whatcom |
5B Whitman |
5B Yakima |
WEST VIRGINIA |
5A Barbour |
4A Berkeley |
4A Boone |
4A Braxton |
5A Brooke |
4A Cabell |
4A Calhoun |
4A Clay |
4A Doddridge |
4A Fayette |
4A Gilmer |
5A Grant |
4A Greenbrier |
5A Hampshire |
5A Hancock |
5A Hardy |
5A Harrison |
4A Jackson |
4A Jefferson |
4A Kanawha |
4A Lewis |
4A Lincoln |
4A Logan |
5A Marion |
5A Marshall |
4A Mason |
4A McDowell |
4A Mercer |
5A Mineral |
4A Mingo |
5A Monongalia |
4A Monroe |
4A Morgan |
4A Nicholas |
5A Ohio |
5A Pendleton |
4A Pleasants |
5A Pocahontas |
5A Preston |
4A Putnam |
4A Raleigh |
5A Randolph |
4A Ritchie |
4A Roane |
4A Summers |
5A Taylor |
5A Tucker |
4A Tyler |
4A Upshur |
4A Wayne |
4A Webster |
5A Wetzel |
4A Wirt |
4A Wood |
4A Wyoming |
WISCONSIN |
5A Adams |
6A Ashland |
6A Barron |
6A Bayfield |
6A Brown |
6A Buffalo |
6A Burnett |
5A Calumet |
6A Chippewa |
6A Clark |
5A Columbia |
5A Crawford |
5A Dane |
5A Dodge |
6A Door |
6A Douglas |
6A Dunn |
6A Eau Claire |
6A Florence |
5A Fond du Lac |
6A Forest |
5A Grant |
5A Green |
5A Green Lake |
5A Iowa |
6A Iron |
6A Jackson |
5A Jefferson |
5A Juneau |
5A Kenosha |
6A Kewaunee |
5A La Crosse |
5A Lafayette |
6A Langlade |
6A Lincoln |
6A Manitowoc |
6A Marathon |
6A Marinette |
6A Marquette |
6A Menominee |
5A Milwaukee |
5A Monroe |
6A Oconto |
6A Oneida |
5A Outagamie |
5A Ozaukee |
6A Pepin |
6A Pierce |
6A Polk |
6A Portage |
6A Price |
5A Racine |
5A Richland |
5A Rock |
6A Rusk |
5A Sauk |
6A Sawyer |
6A Shawano |
6A Sheboygan |
6A St. Croix |
6A Taylor |
6A Trempealeau |
5A Vernon |
6A Vilas |
5A Walworth |
6A Washburn |
5A Washington |
5A Waukesha |
6A Waupaca |
5A Waushara |
5A Winnebago |
6A Wood |
WYOMING |
6B Albany |
6B Big Horn |
6B Campbell |
6B Carbon |
6B Converse |
6B Crook |
6B Fremont |
5B Goshen |
6B Hot Springs |
6B Johnson |
5B Laramie |
7 Lincoln |
6B Natrona |
6B Niobrara |
6B Park |
5B Platte |
6B Sheridan |
7 Sublette |
6B Sweetwater |
7 Teton |
6B Uinta |
6B Washakie |
6B Weston |
US TERRITORIES |
AMERICAN SAMOA |
1A (all)* |
GUAM |
1A (all)* |
NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS |
1A (all)* |
PUERTO RICO |
1A (all except as follows:)* |
2B Barranquitas |
2B Cayey |
VIRGIN ISLANDS |
1A (all)* |
- a.
Key: A ‒ Moist, B ‒ Dry, C ‒ Marine. Absence of moisture designation indicates moisture regime is irrelevant. Asterisk (*) indicates a Warm Humid location.
N1101.7.2 (R301.3) Climate zone definitions.
To determine the climate zones for locations not listed in this code, use the following information to determine climate zone numbers and letters in accordance with Items 1 through 5.
- 1.
- 2.
Determine the moisture zone (Marine, Dry or Humid) in accordance with Items 2.1 through 2.3.
- 2.1.
If monthly average temperature and precipitation data are available, use the Marine, Dry and Humid definitions to determine the moisture zone (C, B or A).
- 2.2.
If annual average temperature information (including degree-days) and annual precipitation (i.e., annual mean) are available, use Items 2.2.1 through 2.2.3 to determine the moisture zone. If the moisture zone is not Marine, then use the Dry definition to determine whether Dry or Humid.
- 2.2.1.
If thermal climate zone is 3 and CDD50°F ≤ 4,500 (CDD10°C ≤ 2500), climate zone is Marine (3C).
- 2.2.2.
If thermal climate zone is 4 and CDD50°F ≤ 2,700 (CDD10°C ≤ 1500), climate zone is Marine (4C).
- 2.2.3.
If thermal climate zone is 5 and CDD50°F ≤ 1,800 (CDD10°C ≤ 1000), climate zone is Marine (5C).
- 2.2.1.
- 2.3.
If only degree-day information is available, use Items 2.3.1 through 2.3.3 to determine the moisture zone. If the moisture zone is not Marine, then it is not possible to assign Humid or Dry moisture zone for this location.
- 2.3.1.
If thermal climate zone is 3 and CDD50°F ≤ 4,500 (CDD10°C ≤ 2500), climate zone is Marine (3C).
- 2.3.2.
If thermal climate zone is 4 and CDD50°F ≤ 2,700 (CDD10°C ≤ 1500), climate zone is Marine (4C).
- 2.3.3.
If thermal climate zone is 5 and CDD50°F ≤ 1,800 (CDD10°C ≤ 1000), climate zone is Marine (5C).
- 2.3.1.
- 2.1.
- 3.
Marine (C) Zone definition: Locations meeting all of the criteria in Items 3.1 through 3.4.
- 3.1.
Mean temperature of coldest month between 27°F (-3°C) and 65°F (18°C).
- 3.2.
Warmest month mean < 72°F (22°C).
- 3.3.
Not fewer than four months with mean temperatures over 50°F (10°C).
- 3.4.
Dry season in summer. The month with the heaviest precipitation in the cold season has at least three times as much precipitation as the month with the least precipitation in the rest of the year. The cold season is October through March in the Northern Hemisphere and April through September in the Southern Hemisphere.
- 3.1.
- 4.
Dry (B) definition: Locations meeting the criteria in Items 4.1 through 4.4.
- 4.1.
Not Marine (C).
- 4.2.
If 70 percent or more of the precipitation, P, occurs during the high sun period, defined as April through September in the Northern Hemisphere and October through March in the Southern Hemisphere, then the dry/humid threshold is in accordance with Equation 11-2.
Equation 11-2where:
P =Annual precipitation, inches (mm).
T =Annual mean temperature, °F (°C).
- 4.3.
If between 30 and 70 percent of the precipitation, P, occurs during the high sun period, defined as April through September in the Northern Hemisphere and October through March in the Southern Hemisphere, then the dry/humid threshold is in accordance with Equation 11-3.
Equation 11-3where:
P =Annual precipitation, inches (mm).
T =Annual mean temperature, °F (°C).
- 4.4.
If 30 percent or less of the precipitation, P, occurs during the high sun period, defined as April through September in the Northern Hemisphere and October through March in the Southern Hemisphere, then the dry/humid threshold is in accordance with Equation 11-4.
Equation 11-4where:
P =Annual precipitation, inches (mm).
T =Annual mean temperature, °F (°C).
- 4.1.
- 5.
Humid (A) definition: Locations that are not Marine (C) or Dry (B).
ZONE NUMBER | THERMAL CRITERIA | |
IP Units | SI Units | |
0 | 10,800 < CDD50ºF | 6000 < CDD10ºC |
1 | 9,000 < CDD50ºF < 10,800 | 5000 < CDD10°C < 6000 |
2 | 6,300 < CDD50°F ≤ 9,000 | 3500 < CDD10°C ≤ 5000 |
3 | CDD50°F ≤ 6,300 AND HDD65°F ≤ 3,600 | CDD10°C ≤ 3500 AND HDD18°C ≤ 2000 |
4 | CDD50°F ≤ 6,300 AND 3,600 < HDD65°F ≤ 5,400 | CDD10°C ≤ 3500 AND 2000 < HDD18°C ≤ 3000 |
5 | CDD50°F < 6,300 AND 5,400 < HDD65°F ≤ 7,200 | CDD10°C < 3500 AND3000 < HDD18°C ≤ 4000 |
6 | 7,200 < HDD65°F ≤ 9,000 | 4000 < HDD18°C ≤ 5000 |
7 | 9,000 < HDD65°F ≤ 12,600 | 5000 < HDD18°C ≤ 7000 |
8 | 12,600 < HDD65°F | 7000 < HDD18°C |
For SI: °C = [(°F) – 32]/1.8.
N1101.8 (R301.4) Tropical climate region.
The tropical climate region shall be defined as:
- 1.
Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, US Virgin Islands, Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands; and
- 2.
Islands in the area between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
N1101.9 (R302.1) Interior design conditions.
The interior design temperatures used for heating and cooling load calculations shall be a maximum of 72°F (22°C) for heating and minimum of 75°F (24°C) for cooling.
N1101.10 (R303.1) Identification.
Materials, systems and equipment shall be identified in a manner that will allow a determination of compliance with the applicable provisions of this code.
N1101.10.1 (R303.1.1) Building thermal envelope insulation.
An R-value identification mark shall be applied by the manufacturer to each piece of building thermal envelope insulation that is 12 inches (305 mm) or greater in width. Alternatively, the insulation installers shall provide a certification that indicates the type, manufacturer and R-value of insulation installed in each element of the building thermal envelope. For blown-in or sprayed fiberglass and cellulose insulation, the initial installed thickness, settled thickness, settled R-value, installed density, coverage area and number of bags installed shall be indicated on the certification. For sprayed polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation, the installed thickness of the areas covered and the R-value of the installed thickness shall be indicated on the certification. For reflective insulation, the number of reflective sheets, the number and thickness of the enclosed reflective airspaces and the R-value for the installed assembly determined in accordance with Section N1101.10.6 shall be listed on the certification. For insulated siding, the R-value shall be on a label on the product’s package and shall be indicated on the certification. The insulation installer shall sign, date and post the certification in a conspicuous location on the job site.
N1101.10.1.1 (R303.1.1.1) Blown-in or sprayed roof and ceiling insulation.
The thickness of blown-in or sprayed fiberglass and cellulose roof and ceiling insulation shall be written in inches (mm) on markers that are installed at not less than one for every 300 square feet (28 m2) throughout the attic space. The markers shall be affixed to the trusses or joists and marked with the minimum initial installed thickness with numbers not less than 1 inch (25 mm) in height. Each marker shall face the attic access opening. The thickness and installed R-value of sprayed polyurethane foam insulation shall be indicated on the certification provided by the insulation installer.
N1101.10.2 (R303.1.2) Insulation mark installation.
Insulating materials shall be installed such that the manufacturer’s R-value mark is readily observable at inspection. For insulation materials that are installed without an observable manufacturer’s R-value mark, such as blown or draped products, an insulation certificate complying with Section N1101.10.1 shall be left immediately after installation by the installer, in a conspicuous location within the building, to certify the installed R-value of the insulation material.
N1101.10.3 (R303.1.3) Fenestration product rating.
U-factors of fenestration products such as windows, doors and skylights shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 100.
Exception: Where required, garage door U-factors shall be determined in accordance with either NFRC 100 or ANSI/DASMA 105.
U-factors shall be determined by an accredited, independent laboratory, and labeled and certified by the manufacturer.
Products lacking such a labeled U-factor shall be assigned a default U-factor from Table N1101.10.3(1) or N1101.10.3(2). The solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) and visible transmittance (VT) of glazed fenestration products such as windows, glazed doors and skylights shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 200 by an accredited, independent laboratory, and labeled and certified by the manufacturer. Products lacking such a labeled SHGC or VT shall be assigned a default SHGC or VT from Table N1101.10.3(3).
FRAME TYPE | WINDOW AND GLASS DOOR | SKYLIGHT | ||
Single pane | Double pane | Single | Double | |
Metal | 1.20 | 0.80 | 2.00 | 1.30 |
Metal with Thermal Break | 1.10 | 0.65 | 1.90 | 1.10 |
Nonmetal or Metal Clad | 0.95 | 0.55 | 1.75 | 1.05 |
Glazed Block | 0.60 | |||
DOOR TYPE | OPAQUE U-FACTOR |
Uninsulated Metal | 1.20 |
Insulated Metal | 0.60 |
Wood | 0.50 |
Insulated, nonmetal edge, not exceeding 45% glazing, any glazing double pane | 0.35 |
| SINGLE GLAZED | DOUBLE GLAZED | GLAZED BLOCK | ||
Clear | Tinted | Clear | Tinted | ||
SHGC | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
VT | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
N1101.10.4 (R303.1.4) Insulation product rating.
The thermal resistance, R-value, of insulation shall be determined in accordance with Part 460 of US-FTC CFR Title 16 in units of h × ft2× °F/Btu at a mean temperature of 75°F (24°C).
N1101.10.5 (R303.1.5) Air-impermeable insulation.
Insulation having an air permeability not greater than 0.004 cubic feet per minute per square foot [0.002 L/(s × m2)] under pressure differential of 0.3 inch water gauge (75 Pa) when tested in accordance with ASTM E2178 shall be determined air-impermeable insulation.
N1101.10.6 (R303.1.6) Airspaces.
Where the R-value of an enclosed reflective airspace or enclosed nonreflective airspace is used for compliance with this code, the airspace shall be enclosed in a cavity bounded on all sides by building components and constructed to minimize airflow into and out of the enclosed airspace. Airflow shall be deemed minimized where one of the following conditions occur:
- 1.
The enclosed airspace is unventilated.
- 2.
The enclosed airspace is bounded on one or more sides by an anchored masonry veneer constructed in accordance with Chapter 7, and vented by veneer weep holes located only at the bottom portion of the airspace and spaced not less than 15 inches (381 mm) on center with the top of the cavity airspace closed.
Exception: For ventilated cavities, the effect of the ventilation of airspaces located on the exterior side of the continuous air barrier and adjacent to and behind the exterior wall covering material shall be determined in accordance with ASTM C1363, modified with an airflow entering the bottom and exiting the top of the airspace at an air movement rate of not less than 70 mm/second.
N1101.11 (R303.2) Installation.
Materials, systems and equipment shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and this code.
N1101.11.1 (R303.2.1) Protection of exposed foundation insulation.
Insulation applied to the exterior of basement walls, crawl space walls and the perimeter of slab-on-grade floors shall have a rigid, opaque and weather-resistant protective covering to prevent the degradation of the insulation’s thermal performance. The protective covering shall cover the exposed exterior insulation and extend not less than 6 inches (153 mm) below grade.
N1101.12 (R303.3) Maintenance information.
Maintenance instructions shall be furnished for equipment and systems that require preventive maintenance. Required regular maintenance actions shall be clearly stated and incorporated on a readily visible label. The label shall include the title or publication number for the operation and maintenance manual for that particular model and type of product.
N1101.13 (R401.2) Application.
Residential buildings shall comply with Section N1101.13.1, N1101.13.2, N1101.13.3 or N1101.13.4.
N1101.14 (R401.3) Certificate.
A permanent certificate shall be completed by the builder or other approved party and posted on a wall in the space where the furnace is located, a utility room or an approved location inside the building. Where located on an electrical panel, the certificate shall not cover or obstruct the visibility of the circuit directory label, service disconnect label or other required labels. The certificate shall indicate the following:
- 1.
The predominant R-values of insulation installed in or on ceilings, roofs, walls, foundation components such as slabs, basement walls, crawl space walls and floors, and ducts outside conditioned spaces.
- 2.
U-factors of fenestration and the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of fenestration. Where there is more than one value for any component of the building thermal envelope, the certificate shall indicate both the value covering the largest area and the area weighted average value if available.
- 3.
The results from any required duct system and building thermal envelope air leakage testing performed on the building.
- 4.
The types, sizes and efficiencies of heating, cooling and service water-heating equipment. Where a gas-fired unvented room heater, electric furnace, or baseboard electric heater is installed in the residence, the certificate shall indicate “gas-fired unvented room heater,” “electric furnace” or “baseboard electric heater,” as appropriate. An efficiency is not required to be indicated for gas-fired unvented room heaters, electric furnaces and electric baseboard heaters.
- 5.
Where on-site photovoltaic panel systems have been installed, the array capacity, inverter efficiency, panel tilt and orientation shall be noted on the certificate.
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
The location and dimensions of a solar-ready zone where one is provided.
Section N1102 (R402) Building Thermal Envelope
N1102.1 (R402.1) General.
The building thermal envelope shall comply with the requirements of one of the following:
- 1.
- 2.
Exceptions:
- 1.
The following low-energy buildings, or portions thereof, separated from the remainder of the building by building thermal envelope assemblies complying with this section shall be exempt from the building thermal envelope provisions of Section N1102.
- 1.1.
Those with a peak design rate of energy usage less than 3.4 Btu/h × ft2(10.7 W/m2) or 1.0 watt/ft2of floor area for space-conditioning purposes.
- 1.2.
Those that do not contain conditioned space.
- 1.1.
- 2.
N1102.1.2 (R402.1.2) Insulation and fenestration criteria.
The building thermal envelope shall meet the requirements of Table N1102.1.2 based on the climate zone specified in Section N1101.7. Assemblies shall have a U-factor or F-factor equal to or less than that specified in Table N1102.1.2. Fenestration shall have a U-factor and glazed fenestration SHGC equal to or less than that specified in Table N1102.1.2.
CLIMATE ZONE | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 EXCEPT MARINE | 5 AND MARINE 4 | 6 | 7 AND 8 |
VERTICAL FENESTRATION U-FACTOR | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.28d | 0.28d | 0.27d |
SKYLIGHT U-FACTOR | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
GLAZED VERTICAL FENESTRATION SHGC | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.40 | NR | NR | NR |
SKYLIGHT SHGC | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.40 | NR | NR | NR |
CEILING U-FACTOR | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.026 | 0.026 | 0.026 | 0.026 |
INSULATION ENTIRELY ABOVE ROOF DECK | 0.039 | 0.039 | 0.039 | 0.039 | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.032 | 0.028 |
WOOD-FRAMED WALL U-FACTOR | 0.084 | 0.084 | 0.084 | 0.060 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 0.045 |
MASS WALL U-FACTORb | 0.197 | 0.197 | 0.165 | 0.098 | 0.098 | 0.082 | 0.060 | 0.057 |
FLOOR U-FACTOR | 0.064 | 0.064 | 0.064 | 0.047 | 0.047 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.028 |
BASEMENT WALL U-FACTOR | 0.360 | 0.360 | 0.360 | 0.091c | 0.059 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 |
UNHEATED SLAB F-FACTORe | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.54 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.48 | 0.48 |
HEATED SLAB F-FACTORe | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.66 |
CRAWL SPACE WALL U-FACTOR | 0.477 | 0.477 | 0.477 | 0.136 | 0.065 | 0.055 | 0.055 | 0.055 |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
- a.
- b.
Mass walls shall be in accordance with Section N1102.2.6. Where more than half the insulation is on the interior, the mass wall U-factors shall not exceed 0.17 in Climate Zones 0 and 1, 0.14 in Climate Zone 2, 0.12 in Climate Zone 3, 0.087 in Climate Zone 4 except Marine, 0.065 in Climate Zone 5 and Marine 4, and 0.057 in Climate Zones 6 through 8.
- c.
- d.
A maximum U-factor of 0.30 shall apply in Marine Climate Zone 4 and Climate Zones 5 through 8 to vertical fenestration products installed in buildings located either:
- 1.
Above 4,000 feet in elevation above sea level, or
- 2.
- 1.
- e.
N1102.1.3 (R402.1.3) R-value alternative.
Assemblies with an R-value of insulation materials equal to or greater than that specified in Table N1102.1.3 shall be an alternative to the U-factor or F-factor in Table N1102.1.2.
CLIMATE ZONE | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 EXCEPT MARINE | 5 AND MARINE 4 | 6 | 7 AND 8 |
VERTICAL FENESTRATION U-FACTOR | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.28g | 0.28g | 0.27g |
SKYLIGHT U-FACTOR | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
GLAZED VERTICAL FENESTRATION SHGC | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.40 | NR | NR | NR |
SKYLIGHT SHGC | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.40 | NR | NR | NR |
CEILING R-VALUE | 30 | 30 | 38 | 38 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 49 |
INSULATION ENTIRELY ABOVE ROOF DECK | 25ci | 25ci | 25ci | 25ci | 30ci | 30ci | 30ci | 35ci |
WOOD-FRAMED WALL R-VALUEe | 13 or 0&10ci | 13 or 0&10ci | 13 or 0&10ci | 20 or 13&5ci or 0&15cih | 30 or 20&5ci or 13&10ci or 0&20ci | 30 or 20&5ci or 13&10ci or 0&20ci | 30 or 20&5ci or 13&10ci or 0&20ci | 30 or 20&5ci or 13&10ci or 0&20ci |
MASS WALL R-VALUEf | 3/4 | 3/4 | 4/6 | 8/13 | 8/13 | 13/17 | 15/20 | 19/21 |
FLOOR R-VALUEh | 13 or 7+5ci or 10ci | 13 or 7+5ci or 10ci | 13 or 7+5ci or 10ci | 19 or 13+5ci or 15ci | 19 or 13+5ci or 15ci | 30 or 19+7.5ci or 20ci | 30 or 19+7.5ci or 20ci | 38 or 19+10ci or 25ci |
BASEMENT WALL R-VALUEb, e | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5ci or 13d | 10ci or 13 | 15ci or 19 or 13&5ci | 15ci or 19 or 13&5ci | 15ci or 19 or 13&5ci |
UNHEATED SLAB R-VALUE & DEPTHc | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10ci, 2 ft | 10ci, 3 ft | 10ci, 3 ft | 10ci, 4 ft | 10ci, 4 ft |
HEATED SLAB R-VALUE & DEPTHc | R-5ci edge and R-5 full slab | R-5ci edge and R-5 full slab | R-5ci edge and R-5 full slab | R-10ci, 2 ft and R-5 full slab | R-10ci, 3 ft and R-5 full slab | R-10ci, 3 ft and R-5 full slab | R-10ci, 4 ft and R-5 full slab | R-10ci, 4 ft and R-5 full slab |
CRAWL SPACE WALL R-VALUEb, e | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5ci or 13d | 10ci or 13 | 15ci or 19 or 13&5ci | 15ci or 19 or 13&5ci | 15ci or 19 or 13&5ci |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
NR = Not Required, ci = Continuous Insulation.
- a.
R-values are minimums. U-factors and SHGC are maximums. Where insulation is installed in a cavity that is less than the label or design thickness of the insulation, the installed R-value of the insulation shall be not less than the R-value specified in the table.
- b.
“5ci or 13” means R-5 continuous insulation (ci) on the interior or exterior surface of the wall or R-13 cavity insulation on the interior side of the wall. “10ci or 13” means R-10 continuous insulation (ci) on the interior or exterior surface of the wall or R-13 cavity insulation on the interior side of the wall. “15ci or 19 or 13&5ci” means R-15 continuous insulation (ci) on the interior or exterior surface of the wall; or R-19 cavity insulation on the interior side of the wall; or R-13 cavity insulation on the interior of the wall in addition to R-5 continuous insulation on the interior or exterior surface of the wall.
- c.
- d.
- e.
The first value is cavity insulation; the second value is continuous insulation. Therefore, as an example, “13&5” means R-13 cavity insulation plus R-5 continuous insulation.
- f.
- g.
- h.
“30 or 19+7.5ci or 20ci” means R-30 cavity insulation alone or R-19 cavity insulation with R-7.5 continuous insulation or R-20 continuous insulation alone.
N1102.1.4 (R402.1.4) R-value computation.
Cavity insulation alone shall be used to determine compliance with the cavity insulation R-value requirements in Table N1102.1.3. Where cavity insulation is installed in multiple layers, the R-values of the cavity insulation layers shall be summed to determine compliance with the cavity insulation R-value requirements. The manufacturer’s settled R-value shall be used for blown-in insulation. Continuous insulation (ci) alone shall be used to determine compliance with the continuous insulation R-value requirements in Table N1102.1.3. Where continuous insulation is installed in multiple layers, the R-values of the continuous insulation layers shall be summed to determine compliance with the continuous insulation R-value requirements. Cavity insulation R-values shall not be used to determine compliance with the continuous insulation R-value requirements in Table N1102.1.3. Computed R-values shall not include an R-value for other building materials or air films. Where insulated siding is used for the purpose of complying with the continuous insulation requirements of Table N1102.1.3, the manufacturer’s labeled R-value for insulated siding shall be reduced by R-0.6.
N1102.1.5 (R402.1.5) Component performance alternative.
Where the proposed total building thermal envelope thermal conductance (TCp) is less than or equal to the required total building thermal envelope thermal conductance (TCr) using factors in Table N1102.1.2, the building shall be considered to be in compliance with Table N1102.1.2. The total thermal conductance (TC) shall be determined in accordance with Equation 11-5. Proposed U-factors and slab-on-grade F-factors shall be taken from ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 90.1 Appendix A or determined using a method consistent with the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals and shall include the thermal bridging effects of framing materials. In addition to TC compliance, the SHGC requirements of Table N1102.1.2 and the maximum fenestration U-factors of Section N1102.6 shall be met.
where:
UpA + FpP
UrA + FrP
the sum of proposed U-factors times the assembly areas in the proposed building.
the sum of the proposed F-factors times the slab-on-grade perimeter lengths in the proposed building.
Exception: For Climate Zones 0, 1 and 2, the value of FrP shall equal the value of FpP.
N1102.1.6 (R402.1.6) Rooms containing fuel-burning appliances.
In Climate Zones 3 through 8, where open combustion air ducts provide combustion air to open combustion fuel-burning appliances, the appliances and combustion air opening shall be located outside the building thermal envelope or enclosed in a room that is isolated from inside the building thermal envelope. Such rooms shall be sealed and insulated in accordance with the building thermal envelope requirements of Table N1102.1.3, where the walls, floors and ceilings shall meet a minimum of the basement wall R-value requirement. The door into the room shall be fully gasketed and any water lines and ducts in the room insulated in accordance with Section N1103. The combustion air duct shall be insulated where it passes through conditioned space to an R-value of not less than R-8.
N1102.2 (R402.2) Specific insulation requirements.
In addition to the requirements of Section N1102.1, insulation shall meet the specific requirements of Sections N1102.2.1 through N1102.2.13.
N1102.2.1 (R402.2.1) Ceilings with attics.
Where Section N1102.1.3 requires R-38 insulation in the ceiling or attic, installing R-30 over 100 percent of the ceiling or attic area requiring insulation shall satisfy the requirement for R-38 insulation wherever the full height of uncompressed R-30 insulation extends over the wall top plate at the eaves. Where Section N1102.1.3 requires R-49 insulation in the ceiling or attic, installing R-38 insulation over 100 percent of the ceiling or attic area requiring insulation shall satisfy the requirement for R-49 insulation wherever the full height of uncompressed R-38 insulation extends over the wall top plate at the eaves. This reduction shall not apply to the insulation and fenestration criteria in Section N1102.1.2 and the component performance alternative in Section N1102.1.5.
N1102.2.2 (R402.2.2) Ceilings without attics.
Where Section N1102.1.3 requires insulation R-values greater than R-30 in the interstitial space above a ceiling and below the structural roof deck, and the design of the roof/ceiling assembly does not allow sufficient space for the required insulation, the minimum required insulation R-value for such roof/ceiling assemblies shall be R-30. Insulation shall extend over the top of the wall plate to the outer edge of such plate and shall not be compressed. This reduction of insulation from the requirements of Section N1102.1.3 shall be limited to 500 square feet (46 m2) or 20 percent of the total insulated ceiling area, whichever is less. This reduction shall not apply to the component performance alternative in Section N1102.1.5.
N1102.2.3 (R402.2.3) Attic knee wall.
Wood attic knee wall assemblies that separate conditioned space from unconditioned attic spaces shall comply with Table N1102.1.3 for wood-framed walls. Steel attic knee wall assemblies shall comply with Section N1102.2.7. Such knee walls shall have an air barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space.
N1102.2.3.1 (R402.2.3.1) Roof truss framing separating conditioned and unconditioned space.
Where wood vertical roof truss framing members are used to separate conditioned space and unconditioned space, they shall comply with Table N1102.1.3 for wood-framed walls. Steel frame vertical roof truss framing members used to separate conditioned space and unconditioned space shall comply with Section N1102.2.7.
N1102.2.4 (R402.2.4) Eave baffle.
For air-permeable insulation in vented attics, a baffle shall be installed adjacent to soffit and eave vents. Baffles shall maintain a net free area opening equal to or greater than the size of the vent. The baffle shall extend over the top of the attic insulation. The baffle shall be permitted to be any solid material. The baffle shall be installed to the outer edge of the exterior wall top plate so as to provide maximum space for attic insulation coverage over the top plate. Where soffit venting is not continuous, baffles shall be installed continuously to prevent ventilation air in the eave soffit from bypassing the baffle.
N1102.2.5 (R402.2.5) Access hatches and doors.
Access hatches and doors from conditioned to unconditioned spaces such as attics and crawl spaces shall be insulated to the same R-value required by Table N1102.1.3 for the wall or ceiling in which they are installed.
Exceptions:
- 1.
- 2.
Horizontal pull-down, stair-type access hatches in ceiling assemblies that provide access from conditioned to unconditioned spaces in Climate Zones 0 through 4 shall not be required to comply with the insulation level of the surrounding surfaces provided that the hatch meets all of the following:
- 2.1.
The average U-factor of the hatch shall be less than or equal to U-0.10 or have an average insulation R-value of R-10 or greater.
- 2.2.
Not less than 75 percent of the panel area shall have an insulation R-value of R-13 or greater.
- 2.3.
The net area of the framed opening shall be less than or equal to 13.5 square feet(1.25 m2).
- 2.4.
The perimeter of the hatch edge shall be weather-stripped.
- 2.1.
The reduction shall not apply to the component performance alternative in Section N1102.1.5.
N1102.2.5.1 (R402.2.5.1) Access hatch and door insulation installation and retention.
Vertical or horizontal access hatches and doors from conditioned spaces to unconditioned spaces such as attics and crawl spaces shall be weather-stripped. Access that prevents damaging or compressing the insulation shall be provided to all equipment. Where loose-fill insulation is installed, a wood-framed or equivalent baffle, retainer or dam shall be installed to prevent loose-fill insulation from spilling into living space from higher to lower sections of the attic, and from attics covering conditioned spaces to unconditioned spaces. The baffle or retainer shall provide a permanent means of maintaining the installed R-value of the loose-fill insulation.
N1102.2.6 (R402.2.6) Mass walls.
Mass walls where used as a component of the building thermal envelope shall be one of the following:
- 1.
Above-ground walls of concrete block, concrete, insulated concrete form, masonry cavity, brick but not brick veneer, adobe, compressed earth block, rammed earth, solid timber, mass timber or solid logs.
- 2.
Any wall having a heat capacity greater than or equal to 6 Btu/ft2× °F (123 kJ/m2× K).
N1102.2.7 (R402.2.7) Steel-frame ceilings, walls, and floors.
Steel-frame ceilings, walls, and floors shall comply with the U-factor requirements of Table N1102.1.2. The calculation of the U-factor for steel-framed ceilings and walls in a building thermal envelope assembly shall be determined in accordance with AISI S250, modified as follows:
- 1.
Where the steel-framed wall contains no cavity insulation, and uses continuous insulation to satisfy the U-factor maximum, the steel-framed wall member spacing is permitted to be installed at any on-center spacing.
- 2.
Where the steel-framed wall contains framing spaced at 24 inches (610 mm) on center with a 23 percent framing factor, or framing spaced at 16 inches (400 mm) on center with a 25 percent framing factor, the next lower framing member spacing input values shall be used when calculating using AISI S250.
- 3.
- 4.
N1102.2.8 (R402.2.8) Floors.
Floor insulation shall be installed in accordance with all of the following:
- 1.
- 2.
Floor framing members that are part of the building thermal envelope shall be air sealed to maintain a continuous air barrier.
- 3.
One of the following methods:
- 3.1.
Cavity insulation shall be installed to maintain permanent contact with the underside of the subfloor decking.
- 3.2.
Cavity insulation shall be installed to maintain contact with the top side of sheathing separating the cavity and the unconditioned space below. Insulation shall extend from the bottom to the top of all perimeter floor framing members.
- 3.3.
A combination of cavity insulation and continuous insulation shall be installed such that the cavity insulation maintains contact with the top side of the continuous insulation and the continuous insulation maintains contact with the underside of the structural floor system. Insulation shall extend from the bottom to the top of all perimeter floor framing members.
- 3.4.
Continuous insulation shall be installed to maintain contact with the underside of the structural floor system. Insulation shall extend from the bottom to the top of all perimeter floor framing members.
- 3.1.
N1102.2.9 (R402.2.9) Basement walls.
Basement walls shall be insulated in accordance with Table N1102.1.3.
Exception: Basement walls associated with unconditioned basements where the following requirements are met:
- 1.
- 2.
There are no uninsulated ductwork, domestic hot water piping or hydronic heating surfaces exposed to the basement.
- 3.
There are no HVAC supply or return diffusers serving the basement.
- 4.
- 5.
- 6.
N1102.2.9.1 (R402.2.9.1) Basement wall insulation installation.
Where basement walls are insulated, the insulation shall be installed from the top of the basement wall down to 10 feet (3048 mm) below grade or to the basement floor, whichever is less, or in accordance with the proposed design or the rated design, as applicable.
N1102.2.10 (R402.2.10) Slab-on-grade floors.
Slab-on-grade floors with a floor surface within 24 inches (610 mm) above or below grade shall be insulated in accordance with Section N1102.2.10.1 or N1102.2.10.2.
Exception: Slab-edge insulation is not required in jurisdictions designated by the code official as having a very heavy termite infestation probability.
N1102.2.10.1 (R402.2.10.1) Slab-on-grade floor insulation installation.
For buildings complying with Section N1101.13.1, the slab edge continuous insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab on the outside or inside of the foundation wall. Insulation located below grade shall extend the vertical distance provided in Table N1102.1.3, but need not exceed the footing depth in accordance with Section R403.1.4. Where a proposed design includes insulation extending away from the building, it shall be protected by pavement or by not less than 10 inches (254 mm) of soil. The top edge of the insulation installed between the exterior wall and the edge of the interior slab shall be permitted to be cut at a 45-degree (0.79 rad) angle away from the exterior wall. Full-slab insulation shall be continuous under the entire area of the slab-on-grade floor, except at structural column locations and service penetrations. Slab edge insulation required at the heated slab perimeter shall not be required to extend below the bottom of the heated slab and shall be continuous with the full slab insulation.
N1102.2.11 (R402.2.11) Crawl space walls.
Crawl space walls shall be insulated in accordance with Section N1102.2.11.1 or N1102.2.11.2.
N1102.2.11.1 (R402.2.11.1) Crawl space wall insulation installation.
Where installed, crawl space wall insulation shall be secured to the wall and extend downward from the sill plate to not less than the top of the foundation wall footing.
Exception: Where the crawl space wall insulation is installed on the interior side of the wall and the crawl space floor is more than 24 inches (610 mm) below the exterior grade, the crawl space wall insulation shall be permitted to extend downward from the sill plate at the top of the foundation wall to not less than the interior floor of the crawl space.
Exposed earth in crawl space foundations shall be covered with a continuous Class I vapor retarder in accordance with this code. Joints of the vapor retarder shall overlap by 6 inches (153 mm) and be sealed or taped. The edges of the vapor retarder shall extend not less than 6 inches (153 mm) up the stem walls and shall be attached to the stem walls.
N1102.2.12 (R402.2.12) Masonry veneer.
Insulation shall not be required on the horizontal portion of a foundation that supports a masonry veneer.
N1102.2.13 (R402.2.13) Sunroom and heated garage insulation.
Sunrooms enclosing conditioned space and heated garages shall meet the insulation requirements of this code.
Exception: For sunrooms and heated garages provided with thermal isolation, and enclosing conditioned space, the following exceptions to the insulation requirements of this code shall apply:
- 1.
The minimum ceiling insulation R-values shall be R-19 in Climate Zones 0 through 4 and R-24 in Climate Zones 5 through 8.
- 2.
The minimum wall insulation R-value shall be R-13 in all climate zones. Walls separating a sunroomor heated garage with thermal isolation from conditioned space shall comply with the building thermal envelope requirements of this code.
N1102.4 (R402.4) Fenestration.
In addition to the requirements of Section N1102, fenestration shall comply with Sections N1102.4.1 through N1102.4.5.
N1102.4.1 (R402.4.1) U-factor.
An area-weighted average of fenestration products shall be permitted to satisfy the U-factor requirements.
N1102.4.2 (R402.4.2) Glazed fenestration SHGC.
An area-weighted average of fenestration products more than 50 percent glazed shall be permitted to satisfy the SHGC requirements.
Dynamic glazing shall be permitted to satisfy the SHGC requirements of Table N1102.1.2 provided that the ratio of the higher to lower labeled SHGC is greater than or equal to 2.4, and the dynamic glazing is automatically controlled to modulate the amount of solar gain into the space in multiple steps. Dynamic glazing shall be considered separately from other fenestration, and area-weighted averaging with other fenestration that is not dynamic glazing shall be prohibited.
N1102.4.3 (R402.4.3) Glazed fenestration exemption.
Not greater than 15 square feet (1.4 m2) of glazed fenestration per dwelling unit shall be exempt from the U-factor and SHGC requirements in Section N1102.1.2. This exemption shall not apply to the component performance alternative in Section N1102.1.5.
N1102.4.5 (R402.4.5) Sunroom and heated garage fenestration.
Sunrooms and heated garages enclosing conditioned space shall comply with the fenestration requirements of this code.
Exception: In Climate Zones 2 through 8, for sunrooms and heated garages with thermal isolation and enclosing conditioned space, the fenestration U-factor shall not exceed 0.45 and the skylight U-factor shall not exceed 0.70.
New fenestration separating a sunroom or heated garages with thermal isolation from conditioned space shall comply with the building thermal envelope requirements of this code.
N1102.5 (R402.5) Air leakage.
The building thermal envelope shall be constructed to limit air leakage in accordance with the requirements of Sections N1102.5.1 through N1102.5.4.
N1102.5.1 (R402.5.1) Building thermal envelope.
The building thermal envelope shall comply with Sections N1102.5.1.1 through N1102.5.1.3. The sealing methods between dissimilar materials shall allow for differential expansion and contraction.
N1102.5.1.1 (R402.5.1.1) Installation.
The components of the building thermal envelope as indicated in Table N1102.5.1.1 shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and the criteria indicated in Table N1102.5.1.1, as applicable to the method of construction. Where required by the code official, an approved third party shall inspect all components and verify compliance.
N1102.5.1.2 (R402.5.1.2) Air leakage testing.
The building or each dwelling unit or sleeping unit in the building shall be tested for air leakage. Testing shall be conducted in accordance with ANSI/RESNET/ICC 380, ASTM E779, ASTM E1827 or ASTM E3158 and reported at a pressure differential of 0.2 inch water gauge(50 Pascals). Where required by the code official, testing shall be conducted by an approved third party. A written report of the results of the test shall be signed by the party conducting the test and provided to the code official. Testing shall be performed at any time after creation of all penetrations of the building thermal envelope have been sealed.
During testing:
- 1.
Exterior windows and doors, fireplace and stove doors shall be closed, but not sealed, beyond the intended weather-stripping or other infiltration control measures.
- 2.
Dampers including exhaust, intake, makeup air, backdraft and flue dampers shall be closed, but not sealed beyond intended infiltration control measures.
- 3.
Interior doors, where installed at the time of the test, shall be open.
- 4.
Exterior or interior terminations for continuous ventilation systems shall be sealed.
- 5.
Heating and cooling systems, where installed at the time of the test, shall be turned off.
- 6.
Supply and return registers, where installed at the time of the test, shall be fully open.
Exception: For heated, attached private garages and heated, detached private garages accessory to one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses not more than three stories above grade plane in height, building thermal envelope tightness and insulation installation shall be considered acceptable where the items in Table N1102.5.1.1, applicable to the method of construction, are field verified. Where required by the code official, an approved third party independent from the installer shall inspect both air barrier and insulation installation criteria. Heated, attached private garage space and heated, detached private garage space shall be thermally isolated from all other habitable, conditioned spaces in accordance with Sections N1102.2.13 and N1102.4.5, as applicable.
N1102.5.1.3 (R402.5.1.3) Maximum air leakage rate.
Where tested in accordance with Section N1102.5.1.2, the air leakage rate for buildings, dwelling units or sleeping units shall be as follows:
- 1.
Where complying with Section N1101.13.1, the building or the dwelling units or sleeping units in the building shall have an air leakage rate not greater than 4.0 air changes per hour in Climate Zones 0, 1 and 2; 3.0 air changes per hour in Climate Zones 3 through 5; and 2.5 air changes per hour in Climate Zones 6 through 8.
- 2.
Where complying with Section N1101.13.2 or N1101.13.3, the building or the dwelling units or sleeping units in the building shall have an air leakage rate not greater than 4.0 air changes per hour, or 0.22 cubic feet per minute per square foot [1.1 L/(s × m2)] of the building thermal envelope area or the dwelling testing enclosure area, as applicable.
Exceptions:
- 1.
Where dwelling units or sleeping units are attached or located in an R-2 occupancy, and are tested without simultaneously testing adjacent dwelling units or sleeping units, the air leakage rate is permitted to be not greater than 0.27 cubic feet per minute per square foot [1.4 L/(s × m2)] of the testing unit enclosure area. Where adjacent dwelling units are simultaneously tested in accordance with ASTM E779, the air leakage rate is permitted to be not greater than 0.27 cubic feet per minute per square foot [1.4 L/(s × m2)] of the testing unit enclosure area that separates conditioned space from the exterior.
- 2.
Where buildings have 1,500 square feet (139.4 m2) or less of conditioned floor area, the air leakage rate is permitted to be not greater than 0.27 cubic feet per minute per square foot [1.4L/(s × m2)].
N1102.5.3 (R402.5.3) Fenestration air leakage.
Windows, skylights and sliding glass doors shall have an air infiltration rate of not greater than 0.3 cubic feet per minute per square foot(1.5 L/s/m2), and for swinging doors not greater than 0.5 cubic feet per minute per square foot(2.6 L/s/m2), when tested in accordance with NFRC 400 or AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 by an accredited, independent laboratory and listed and labeled by the manufacturer.
Exception: Site-built windows, skylights and doors.
N1102.5.4 (R402.5.4) Recessed lighting.
Recessed luminaires installed in the building thermal envelope shall be sealed to limit air leakage between conditioned and unconditioned spaces. Recessed luminaires shall be IC-rated and labeled as having an air leakage rate of not greater than 2.0 cfm (0.944 L/s) when tested in accordance with ASTM E283 at a pressure differential of 1.57 psf (75 Pa). Recessed luminaires shall be sealed with a gasket or caulked between the housing and the interior wall or ceiling covering.
N1102.5.5 (R402.5.5) Air-sealed electrical and communication outlet boxes.
Air-sealed electrical and communication outlet boxes that penetrated the air barrier of the building thermal envelope shall be caulked, taped, gasketed or otherwise sealed to the air barrier element being penetrated. Air-sealed boxes shall be buried in or surrounded by insulation. Air-sealed boxes shall be tested and marked in accordance with NEMA OS 4. Air-sealed boxes shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
N1102.6 (R402.6) Maximum fenestration U-factor and SHGC.
The area-weighted average maximum fenestration U-factor permitted using tradeoffs from Section N1102.1.5 or N1105 shall be 0.48 in Climate Zones 4 and 5 and 0.40 in Climate Zones 6 through 8 for vertical fenestration, and 0.75 in Climate Zones 4 through 8 for skylights. The area-weighted average maximum fenestration SHGC permitted using tradeoffs from Section N1105 in Climate Zones 0 through 3 shall be 0.40.
Section N1103 (R403) Systems
N1103.1 (R403.1) Controls.
Not less than one thermostat shall be provided for each separate heating and cooling system.
N1103.1.1 (R403.1.1) Programmable thermostat.
The thermostat controlling the primary heating or cooling system of the dwelling unit shall be capable of controlling the heating and cooling system on a daily schedule to maintain different temperature set points at different times of the day and different days of the week. This thermostat shall include the capability to set back or temporarily operate the system to maintain zone temperatures of not less than 55°F (13°C) to not greater than 85°F (29°C). The thermostat shall be programmed initially by the manufacturer with a heating temperature setpoint of not greater than 70°F (21°C) and a cooling temperature setpoint of not less than 78°F (26°C).
N1103.1.2 (R403.1.2) Heat pump supplementary heat.
Heat pumps having supplementary electric-resistance, fuel gas or liquid fuel heating systems shall have controls that are configured to prevent supplemental heat operation when the capacity of the heat pump compressor can meet the heating load. Supplemental heat operation shall be limited to only where one of the following applies:
- 1.
The vapor compression cycle cannot provide the necessary heating energy to satisfy the thermostat setting.
- 2.
The heat pump is operating in defrost mode.
- 3.
The vapor compression cycle malfunctions.
- 4.
The thermostat malfunctions.
N1103.2 (R403.2) Hot water boiler temperature reset.
Other than where equipped with tankless domestic water heating coils, the manufacturer shall equip each gas, liquid fuel and electric boiler with automatic means of adjusting the water temperature supplied by the boiler so that incremental change of the inferred heat load will cause an incremental change in the temperature of the water supplied by the boiler. This can be accomplished with outdoor reset, indoor reset or water temperature sensing.
N1103.3 (R403.3) Duct systems.
Duct supply and duct return shall be designed and sized in accordance with Section M1601.1 of this code or Section 603.2 of the International Mechanical Code, as applicable. Duct systems shall be installed in accordance with Sections N1103.3.1 through N1103.3.8.
Exception: Ventilation ductwork that is not integrated with duct systems serving heating or cooling systems.
N1103.3.2 (R403.3.2) Building cavities.
Building framing cavities shall not be used as ductwork or plenums.
N1103.3.3 (R403.3.3) Ductwork located outside conditioned space.
Supply and return ductwork located outside conditioned space shall be insulated to an R-value of not less than R-8 for ducts 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter and larger and not less than R-6 for ducts smaller than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter. Ductwork buried beneath a building shall be insulated as required by this section or have an equivalent thermal distribution efficiency. Underground ductwork utilizing the thermal distribution efficiency method shall be listed and labeled to indicate the R-value equivalency.
N1103.3.4 (R403.3.4) Duct systems located in conditioned space.
For duct systems to be considered inside a conditioned space, the space conditioning equipment shall be located completely on the conditioned side of the building thermal envelope. The ductwork shall comply with the following as applicable:
- 1.
The ductwork shall be located completely on the conditioned side of the building thermal envelope.
- 2.
Ductwork in ventilated attic spaces or unvented attics with vapor diffusion ports shall be buried within ceiling insulation in accordance with Section N1103.3.5 and shall comply with the following:
- 2.1.
The ductwork leakage, as measured either by a rough-in test of the supply and return ductwork or a post-construction duct system leakage test to outside the building thermal envelope in accordance with Section N1103.3.7, is not greater than 1.5 cubic feet per minute (42.5 L/min) per 100 square feet (9.29 m2) of conditioned floor area served by the duct system.
- 2.2.
The ceiling insulation R-value installed against and above the insulated ductwork is greater than or equal to the proposed ceiling insulation R-value, less the R-value of the insulation on the ductwork.
- 2.1.
- 3.
Ductwork contained within wall or floor assemblies separating unconditioned from conditioned space shall comply with the following:
- 3.1.
A continuous air barrier installed as part of the building assembly between the ductwork and the unconditioned space.
- 3.2.
- 3.3.
- 3.4.
- 3.1.
N1103.3.5 (R403.3.5) Ductwork buried within ceiling insulation.
Where supply and return ductwork is partially or completely buried in ceiling insulation, such ductwork shall comply with the following:
- 1.
The supply and return ductwork shall be insulated with not less than R-8 insulation.
- 2.
At all points along the ductwork, the sum of the ceiling insulation R-values against and above the top of the ductwork, and against and below the bottom of the ductwork, shall be not less than R-19, excluding the R-value of the duct insulation.
- 3.
In Climate Zones 0A, 1A, 2A and 3A, the supply ductwork shall be completely buried within ceiling insulation, insulated to an R-value of not less than R-13 and in compliance with the vapor retarder requirements of Section M1601.4.6.
Exception: Sections of the supply ductwork that are less than 3 feet (914 mm) from the supply outlet.
- 4.
In Climate Zones 0A, 1A, 2A and 3A where installed in an unvented attic with vapor diffusion ports, the supply ductwork shall be completely buried within the insulation in the ceiling assembly at the floor of the attic, insulated to an R-value of not less than R-8 and in compliance with the vapor retarder requirements of Section M1601.4.6.
N1103.3.5.1 (R403.3.5.1) Effective R-value of deeply buried ducts.
Where complying using Section N1105, sections of ductwork that are installed in accordance with Section N1103.3.5, surrounded with blown-in attic insulation having an R-value of R-30 or greater and located such that the top of the ductwork is not less than 3.5 inches (89 mm) below the top of the insulation shall be considered as having an effective duct insulation R-value of R-25.
N1103.3.6 (R403.3.6) Sealing.
Ductwork, air-handling units and filter boxes shall be sealed. Joints and seams shall comply with Section M1601.4.1.
N1103.3.7 (R403.3.7) Duct system testing.
Each duct system shall be tested for air leakage in accordance with ANSI/RESNET/ICC 380 or ASTM E1554. Total leakage shall be measured with a pressure differential of 0.1 inch water gauge (25 Pa) across the duct system and shall include the measured leakage from the supply and return ductwork. A written report of the test results shall be signed by the party conducting the test and provided to the code official. Duct system leakage testing at either rough-in or post construction shall be permitted with or without the installation of registers or grilles. Where installed, registers and grilles shall be sealed during the test. Where registers and grilles are not installed, the face of the register boots shall be sealed during the test.
Exceptions:
- 1.
Testing shall not be required for duct systems serving ventilation systems that are not integrated with duct systems serving heating or cooling systems.
- 2.
Testing shall not be required where there is not more than 10 feet (3048 mm) of total ductwork external to the space conditioning equipment and both the following are met:
- 2.1.
The duct system is located entirely within conditioned space.
- 2.2.
The ductwork does not include plenums constructed of building cavities or gypsum board.
- 2.1.
- 3.
Where the space conditioning equipment is not installed, testing shall be permitted. The total measured leakage of the supply and return ductwork shall be less than or equal to 3.0 cubic feet per minute (85 L/min) per 100 square feet (9.29 m2) of conditioned floor area.
N1103.3.8 (R403.3.8) Duct system leakage.
The total measured duct system leakage shall not be greater than the values in Table N1103.3.8, based on the conditioned floor area, number of ducted returns and location of the duct system. For buildings complying with Section N1105 or N1106, where duct system leakage to outside is tested in accordance with ANSI/RESNET/ICC 380 or ASTM E1554, the leakage to outside value shall not be used for compliance with this section, but shall be permitted to be used in the calculation procedures of Sections N1105 and N1106.
EQUIPMENT AND DUCT CONFIGURATION | DUCT SYSTEMS SERVING MORE THAN 1,000 ft2 OF CONDITIONED FLOOR AREA | DUCT SYSTEMS SERVING 1,000 ft2 OR LESS OF CONDITIONED FLOOR AREA | |
cfm/100 ft2 | cfm (LPM) | ||
Number of ducted returnsa | |||
< 3 | ≥ 3 | Any | |
Space conditioning equipment is not installedb, c | 3 | 4 | 30 |
All components of the duct system are installedc | 4 | 6 | 40 |
Space conditioning equipment is not installed, but the ductwork is located entirely in conditioned spacec, d | 6 | 8 | 60 |
All components of the duct system are installed and entirely located in conditioned spacec | 8 | 12 | 80 |
For SI: 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot = 0.0033 LPM/m2, 1 cfm = 28.3 LPM.
- a.
A ducted return is a duct made of sheet metal or flexible duct that connects one or more return grilles to the return-side inlet of the air-handling unit. Any other method to convey air from return or transfer grilles to the air-handling unit does not constitute a ducted return for the purpose of determining maximum total duct system leakage allowance.
- b.
Duct system testing is permitted where space conditioning equipment is not installed, provided that the return ductwork is installed and the measured leakage from the supply and return ductwork is included.
- c.
- d.
Prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy, where the air-handling unit is not verified as being located in conditioned space, the total duct system leakage must be retested.
N1103.4 (R403.4) Mechanical system piping insulation.
Mechanical system piping capable of carrying fluids greater than 105°F (41°C) or less than 55°F (13°C) shall be insulated to an R-value of not less than R-3.
N1103.4.1 (R403.4.1) Protection of piping insulation.
Piping insulation exposed to weather shall be protected from damage, including that caused by sunlight, moisture, physical contact and wind. The protection shall provide shielding from solar radiation that can cause degradation of the material and shall be removable not less than 6 feet (1828 mm) from the equipment for maintenance. Adhesive tape shall be prohibited.
N1103.5 (R403.5) Service hot water systems.
Energy conservation measures for service hot water systems shall be in accordance with Sections N1103.5.1 through N1103.5.3.
N1103.5.1 (R403.5.1) Heated water circulation and temperature maintenance systems.
Heated water circulation systems shall be in accordance with Section N1103.5.1.1. Heat trace temperature maintenance systems shall be in accordance with Section N1103.5.1.2. Automatic controls, temperature sensors and pumps shall be in a location with access. Manual controls shall be in a location with ready access.
N1103.5.1.1 (R403.5.1.1) Circulation systems.
Heated water circulation systems shall be provided with a circulation pump. Gravity and thermosyphon circulation systems shall be prohibited. Controls for circulating hot water system pumps shall automatically turn off the pump when the water in the circulation loop is at the desired temperature and when there is no demand for hot water. The system return pipe shall be a dedicated return pipe or a cold water supply pipe. Where a cold water supply pipe is used as the return pipe, a temperature sensor connected to the controls shall be located on the hot water supply not more than 2 feet (610 mm) from the connection to the cold water supply pipe. The controls shall limit the temperature of the water entering the cold water piping to not greater than 104°F (40°C).
Demand recirculation water systems shall have controls that start the pump upon receiving a signal from the action of a user of a fixture or appliance, sensing the presence of a user of a fixture or sensing the flow of hot or tempered water to a fixture fitting or appliance. The controls shall limit pump operation by:
- 1.
Shutting off the pump when the temperature sensor detects one of the following:
- 1.1.
An increase in the water temperature of not more than 10°F (5.6°C) above the initial temperature of the water in the pipe.
- 1.2.
The temperature of the water in the pipe reaches 104°F (40°C).
- 1.1.
- 2.
Limiting pump operation to a maximum of 5 minutes following activation.
- 3.
Not activating the pump for at least 5 minutes following shutoff or when the temperature of the water in the pipe exceeds 104°F (40°C).
N1103.5.1.2 (R403.5.1.2) Heat trace systems.
Electric heat trace systems shall comply with IEEE 515.1 or UL 515. Controls for such systems shall automatically adjust the energy input to the heat tracing to maintain the desired water temperature in the piping in accordance with the times when heated water is used in the occupancy.
N1103.5.2 (R403.5.2) Hot water pipe insulation.
Insulation for service hot water piping shall comply with Table N1103.5.2 and shall be applied to the following:
- 1.
Piping 3/4 inch (19 mm) and larger in nominal diameter located inside the conditioned space.
➡
- 2.
Piping located outside the conditioned space.
- 3.
Piping from the water heater to a distribution manifold.
- 4.
Piping located under a floor slab.
- 5.
Buried piping.
- 6.
Supply and return piping in circulating hot water systems.
Exception: Cold water returns in demand recirculation water systems.
FLUID OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE AND USAGE (°F) | INSULATION CONDUCTIVITY | MINIMUM PIPE INSULATION THICKNESS (inches) | |
Conductivity | Mean rating temperature (°F) | ||
141–200 | 0.25–0.29 | 125 | 1.0 |
105–140 | 0.21–0.28 | 100 | 1.0 |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, °C = [(°F) – 32]/1.8.
- a.
For insulation outside the stated conductivity range listed in this table, the minimum thickness (T) listed in this table shall be determined as follows:
-
T = r[(1 + t/r)Kk- 1
-
where:
-
T = Minimum insulation thickness.
-
r = Actual outside radius of pipe.
-
t = Insulation thickness listed in the table for applicable fluid temperature and pipe size (1 inch).
-
K = Conductivity of alternate material at mean rating temperature indicated for the applicable fluid temperature (Btu × in/h × ft2× °F).
-
k = The upper value of the conductivity range listed in this table for the applicable fluid temperature.
-
-
N1103.5.3 (R403.5.3) Drain water heat recovery units.
Where installed, drain water heat recovery units shall comply with CSA B55.2. Drain water heat recovery units shall be tested in accordance with CSA B55.1. Potable water-side pressure loss of drain water heat recovery units shall be less than 3 psi (20.7 kPa) for individual units connected to one or two showers. Potable water-side pressure loss of drain water heat recovery units shall be less than 2 psi (13.8 kPa) for individual units connected to three or more showers.
N1103.6 (R403.6) Mechanical ventilation.
The buildings and dwelling units complying with Section N1102.5.1.1 shall be provided with mechanical ventilation that complies with the requirements of Section M1505 or with other approved means of ventilation. Outdoor air intakes and exhausts shall have automatic or gravity dampers that close when the ventilation system is not operating.
N1103.6.1 (R403.6.1) Heat or energy recovery ventilation.
Dwelling units shall be provided with a heat recovery or energy recovery ventilation system in Climate Zones 6, 7 and 8. The system shall be a balanced ventilation system with a sensible recovery efficiency (SRE) of not less than 65 percent at 32°F (0°C) at an airflow greater than or equal to the design airflow. The SRE shall be determined from a listed value or from interpolation of listed values.
N1103.6.2 (R403.6.2) Fan efficacy for whole-house mechanical ventilation systems and outdoor air ventilation systems.
Fans used to provide whole-dwelling mechanical ventilation shall meet the efficacy requirements of Table N1103.6.2 at one or more rating points. Fans shall be tested in accordance with the test procedure referenced by Table N1103.6.2 and listed. The airflow shall be reported in the product listing or on the label. Fan efficacy shall be reported in the product listing or shall be derived from the input power and airflow values reported in the product listing or on the label. Fan efficacy for fully ducted HRV, ERV, balanced ventilation systems and in-line fans shall be determined at a static pressure of not less than 0.2 inch water gauge (50 Pa). Fan efficacy for ducted range hoods, bathroom, and utility room fans shall be determined at a static pressure of not less than 0.1 inch water gauge (25 Pa).
For SI: 1 cubic foot per minute = 28.3 L/min.
- a.
For balanced ventilation systems, HRVs and ERVs, determine the efficacy as the outdoor airflow divided by the total fan power.
N1103.6.3 (R403.6.3) Testing.
Mechanical ventilation systems shall be tested and verified to provide the minimum ventilation flow rates required by Section N1103.6 in accordance with ANSI/RESNET/ICC 380. Where required by the code official, testing shall be conducted by an approved third party. A written report of the results of the test shall be signed by the party conducting the test and provided to the code official.
Exceptions:
- 1.
Kitchen range hoods that are ducted to the outside with ducting having a diameter of 6 inches (152 mm) or larger, a length of 10 feet (3048 mm) or less, and not more than two 90-degree (1.57 rad) elbows or equivalent shall not require testing.
- 2.
A third-party test shall not be required where the ventilation system has an integrated diagnostic tool used for airflow measurement, and a user interface that communicates the installed airflow rate.
N1103.6.4 (R403.6.5) Intermittent exhaust control for bathrooms and toilet rooms.
Where an exhaust system serving a bathroom or toilet room is designed for intermittent operation, the exhaust system controls shall include one or more of the following:
- 1.
A timer control with one or more delay setpoints that automatically turns off exhaust fans when the selected setpoint is reached. Not fewer than one delay-off setpoint shall be 30 minutes or less.
- 2.
An occupant sensor control with one or more delay setpoints that automatically turns off exhaust fans in accordance with the selected delay setpoint after all occupants have vacated the space. Not fewer than one delay-off setpoint shall be 30 minutes or less.
- 3.
A humidity control with an adjustable setpoint ranging between 50 percent or more and 80 percent or less relative humidity that automatically turns off exhaust fans when the selected setpoint is reached.
- 4.
A contaminant control that responds to a particle or gaseous concentration and automatically turns off exhaust fans when a design setpoint is reached.
Manual-off functionality shall not be used in lieu of the minimum setpoint functionality required by this section.
Exception: Bathroom and toilet room exhaust systems serving as an integral component of an outdoor airventilation system or a whole-house mechanical ventilation system.
N1103.7 (R403.7) Equipment sizing and efficiency rating.
Heating and cooling equipment shall be sized in accordance with ACCA Manual S based on building loads calculated in accordance with ACCA Manual J or other approved heating and cooling calculation methodologies. New or replacement heating and cooling equipment shall have an efficiency rating equal to or greater than the minimum required by federal law for the geographic location where the equipment is installed.
N1103.7.1 (R403.7.1) Electric-resistance space heating.
Detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses in Climate Zones 4 through 8 using electric-resistance space heating shall limit the total installed heating capacity of all electric-resistance space heating serving the dwelling unit to not more than 2.0 kW or shall install a heat pump in the largest space that is not used as a bedroom.
N1103.9 (R403.9) Mechanical systems located outside of the building thermal envelope.
Mechanical systems providing heat outside of the building thermal envelope of a building shall comply with Sections N1103.9.1 through N1103.9.4.
N1103.9.1 (R403.9.1) Heating outside a building.
Systems installed to provide heat outside a building shall be radiant systems. Such heating systems shall be controlled by an occupancy-sensing device or a timer switch, so that the system is automatically de-energized when occupants are not present.
N1103.9.2 (R403.9.2) Snow melt and ice system controls.
Snow- and ice-melting systems, supplied through energy service to the building, shall include automatic controls capable of shutting off the system when the pavement temperature is greater than 50°F (10°C) and precipitation is not falling, and an automatic or manual control that will allow shutoff when the outdoor temperature is greater than 40°F (4.4°C).
N1103.9.3 (R403.9.3) Roof and gutter deicing controls.
Roof and gutter deicing systems, including but not limited to self-regulating cable, shall include automatic controls that are configured to shut off the system when the outdoor temperature is above 40°F (4.4°C) and shall include one of the following:
- 1.
A moisture sensor configured to shut off the system in the absence of moisture.
- 2.
A daylight sensor or other means configured to shut off the system between sunset and sunrise.
N1103.9.4 (R403.9.4) Freeze-protection system controls.
Freeze-protection systems, such as heat tracing of outdoor piping and heat exchangers, including self-regulating heat tracing, shall include automatic controls configured to shut off the systems when outdoor air temperatures are above 40°F (4.4°C) or when the conditions of the protected fluid will prevent freezing.
N1103.10 (R403.10) Energy consumption of pools and spas.
The energy consumption of pools and permanent spas shall be controlled by the requirements in Sections N1103.10.1 through N1103.10.3.
N1103.10.1 (R403.10.1) Heaters.
The electric power to heaters shall be controlled by an on-off switch that is an integral part of the heater mounted on the exterior of the heater in a location with ready access, or external to and within 3 feet (914 mm) of the heater. Operation of such switch shall not change the setting of the heater thermostat. Such switches shall be in addition to a circuit breaker for the power to the heater. Gas-fired heaters shall not be equipped with continuously burning ignition pilots.
N1103.10.2 (R403.10.2) Time switches.
Time switches or other control methods that can automatically turn heaters and pump motors off and on according to a preset schedule shall be installed for heaters and pump motors. Heaters and pump motors that have built-in time switches shall be in compliance with this section.
Exceptions:
- 1.
Where public health standards require 24-hour pump operation.
- 2.
Pumps that operate on-site renewable energy and waste-heat-recovery pool heating systems.
N1103.10.3 (R403.10.3) Covers.
Outdoor heated pools and outdoor permanent spas shall be provided with a vapor-retardant cover or other approved vapor-retardant means.
Exception: Where more than 75 percent of the energy for heating, computed over an operation season of not fewer than 3 calendar months, is from a heat pump or an on-site renewable energy system, covers or other vapor-retardant means shall not be required.
N1103.13 (R403.13) Gas fireplaces.
Gas fireplace systems shall not be equipped with a continuous pilot and shall be equipped with an on-demand pilot, intermittent ignition or interrupted ignition, as defined by ANSI Z21.20.
Exception: Gas-fired appliances using pilots within a listed combustion safety device.
N1103.13.1 (R403.13.1) Gas fireplace efficiency.
Vented gas fireplace heaters shall have a fireplace efficiency (FE) rating not less than 50 percent as determined in accordance with CSA P.4.1 and shall be listed and labeled in accordance with CSA/ANSI Z21.88. Vented gas fireplaces (decorative appliances) shall be listed and labeled in accordance with CSA/ANSI Z21.50.
Section N1104 (R404) Electrical Power, Lighting and Renewable Energy Systems
N1104.1 (R404.1) Lighting equipment.
All permanently installed luminaires shall be capable of operation with an efficacy of not less than 45 lumens per watt or shall contain lamps capable of operation with an efficacy of not less than 65 lumens per watt.
BASE SITE ALLOWANCE | 280 WATTS |
Uncovered parking areas and drives | 0.026 W/ft2 |
Building grounds | |
Walkways and ramps | 0.50 W/linear foot |
Plaza areas | 0.049 W/ft2 |
Dining areas | 0.273 W/ft2 |
Stairways | Exempt |
Pedestrian tunnels | 0.110 W/ft2 |
Landscaping | 0.025 W/ft2 |
Building entrances and exits | |
Pedestrian and vehicular entrances and exits | 9.8 W/linear foot of opening |
Entry canopies | 0.126 W/ft2 |
For SI: 1 watt per square foot = 10.76 w/m2, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
N1104.1.1 (R404.1.1) Exterior lighting.
Connected exterior lighting for Group R-2, R-3 and R-4 buildings shall comply with Sections N1104.1.2 through N1104.1.5.
Exceptions:
- 1.
Detached one- and two-family dwellings.
- 2.
Townhouses.
- 3.
Group R-3 buildings that do not contain more than two dwelling units
- 4.
Solar-powered lamps not connected to any electrical service.
- 5.
Luminaires controlled by a motion sensor.
- 6.
N1104.1.2 (R404.1.2) Exterior lighting power requirements.
The total exterior connected lighting power shall be not greater than the exterior lighting power allowance calculated in accordance with Section N1104.1.3. The total exterior connected lighting power shall be the total maximum rated wattage of all lighting that is powered through the energy service for the building.
Exceptions: Lighting used for the following applications shall not be included:
- 1.
Lighting approved for safety reasons.
- 2.
Emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal operations.
- 3.
Exit signs.
- 4.
Specialized signal, directional and marker lighting associated with transportation.
- 5.
Lighting for athletic playing areas.
- 6.
Temporary lighting.
- 7.
Lighting used to highlight features of art, public monuments and the national flag.
- 8.
Lighting for water features and swimming pools.
- 9.
Lighting controlled from within sleeping units and dwelling units.
- 10.
Lighting of the exterior means of egress as required by the International Building Code.
N1104.1.3 (R404.1.3) Exterior lighting power allowance.
The total area or length of each area type multiplied by the value for the area type in Table N1104.1 shall be the lighting power (watts) allowed for each area type. For area types not listed, the area type that most closely represents the proposed use of the area shall be selected. The total exterior lighting power allowance (watts) shall be the sum of the base site allowance plus the watts from each area type.
N1104.1.4 (R404.1.4) Additional exterior lighting power.
Additional exterior lighting power allowances shall be available for the building facades at 0.075 W/ft2(0.807 w/m2) of gross above-grade wall area. These additional power allowances shall be used only for the luminaires serving the facade and shall not be used to increase any other lighting power allowance.
N1104.2 (R404.2) Interior lighting controls.
All permanently installed luminaires shall be controlled as required in Sections N1104.2.1 and N1104.2.2.
Exception: Lighting controls shall not be required for safety or security lighting.
N1104.2.1 (R404.2.1) Habitable spaces.
All permanently installed luminaires in habitable spaces shall be controlled with a manual dimmer or with an automatic shutoff control that automatically turns off lights within 20 minutes after all occupants have left the space and shall incorporate a manual control to allow occupants to turn the lights on or off.
N1104.2.2 (R404.2.2) Specific locations.
All permanently installed luminaires in garages, unfinished basements, laundry rooms and utility rooms shall be controlled by an automatic shutoff control that automatically turns off lights within 20 minutes after all occupants have left the space and shall incorporate a manual control to allow occupants to turn the lights on or off.
N1104.3 (R404.3) Exterior lighting controls.
Exterior lighting controls shall comply with Section N1104.3.1.
N1104.3.1 (R404.3.1) Controls for individual dwelling units.
Where the total permanently installed exterior lighting power is greater than 30 watts, the permanently installed exterior lighting shall comply with the following:
- 1.
Lighting shall be controlled by a manual on and off switch that permits automatic shutoff actions.
- 2.
Lighting shall be automatically shut off when daylight is present and satisfies the lighting needs.
- 3.
Controls that override automatic shutoff actions shall not be allowed unless the override automatically returns automatic control to its normal operation within 24 hours.
N1104.4 (R404.4) Renewable energy certificate (REC) documentation.
Where renewable energy generation is used to comply with this code, documentation shall be provided to the code official by the property owner or owner’s authorized agent demonstrating that where renewable energy certificates (RECs) or energy attribute certificates (EACs) are associated with that portion of renewable energy used to comply with this code, the RECs or EACs shall be retained, or retired, on behalf of the property owner.
Section N1105 (R405) Simulated Building Performance
N1105.1 (R405.1) Scope.
This section establishes criteria for compliance using simulated building performance analysis. Such analysis shall include heating, cooling, mechanical ventilation and service water-heating energy only. Such analysis shall be limited to dwelling units. Spaces other than dwelling units in Group R-2, R-3 or R-4 buildings shall comply with Sections N1102 through N1104.
N1105.2 (R405.2) Simulated building performance compliance.
Compliance based on simulated building performance requires that a building comply with the following:
- 1.
- 2.
The proposed total building thermal envelope thermal conductance (TC) shall be less than or equal to the required total building thermal envelope TC using the prescriptive U-factors and F-factors from Table N1102.1.2 multiplied by 1.08 in Climate Zones 0, 1 and 2, and 1.15 in Climates Zones 3 through 8, in accordance with Equation 11-6 and Section N1102.1.5. The area-weighted maximum fenestration SHGC permitted in Climate Zones 0 through 3 shall be 0.30.
Equation 11-6For Climate Zones 0-2:For Climate Zones 3-8: - 3.
For each dwelling unit with one or more fuel-burning appliances for space heating, water heating, or both, the annual energy cost of the dwelling unit shall be less than or equal to 80 percent of the annual energy cost of the standard reference design. For all other dwelling units, the annual energy cost of the proposed design shall be less than or equal to 85 percent of the annual energy cost of the standard reference design. For each dwelling unit with greater than 5,000 square feet (465 m2) of living space located above grade plane, the annual energy cost of the dwelling unit shall be reduced by an additional 5 percent of annual energy cost of the standard reference design. Energy prices shall be taken from an approved source, such as the US Energy Information Administration’s State Energy Data System prices and expenditures reports. Code officials shall be permitted to require time-of-use pricing in energy cost calculations.
Exceptions:
- 1.
The energy use based on source energy expressed in Btu or Btu per square foot of conditioned floor area shall be permitted to be substituted for the energy cost. The source energy multiplier for electricity shall be 2.51. The source energy multipliers shall be 1.09 for natural gas, 1.15 for propane, 1.19 for fuel oil and 1.30 for imported liquified natural gas.
- 2.
The energy use based on site energy expressed in Btu or Btu per square foot of conditioned floor area shall be permitted to be substituted for the energy cost.
- 1.
SECTIONa | TITLE |
General | |
Certificate | |
Building thermal envelope | |
Vapor retarder | |
Rooms containing fuel-burning appliances | |
Attic knee wall | |
Eave baffle | |
Access hatch and door insulation installation and retention | |
Slab-on-grade floors | |
Crawl space walls | |
Installation | |
Air leakage testing | |
Maximum air leakage rate | |
Fireplaces | |
Fenestration air leakage | |
Recessed lighting | |
Air-sealed electrical and communication outlet boxes | |
Maximum fenestration U-factor and SHGC | |
Mechanical | |
Controls | |
Hot water boiler temperature reset | |
Duct systems | |
Mechanical system piping insulation | |
Service hot water systems | |
Mechanical ventilation | |
Equipment sizing and efficiency rating | |
Systems serving multiple dwelling units | |
Snow melt and ice system controls | |
Energy consumption of pools and spas | |
Portable spas | |
Residential pools and permanent residential spas | |
Gas fireplaces | |
Electrical power and lighting systems | |
Lighting equipment | |
Interior lighting controls | |
- a.
Reference to a code section includes all the relative subsections except as indicated in the table.
N1105.4 (R405.4) Calculation procedure.
Performance calculations shall be in accordance with Sections N1105.4.1, N1105.4.2 and N1105.4.3. Except as specified by this section, the standard reference design and proposed design shall be configured and analyzed using identical methods and techniques.
N1105.4.1 (R405.4.1) General.
Calculation procedures used to comply with Section N1105 shall use a software tool, approved software in accordance with Section N1105.5, capable of calculating the annual energy consumption of all building elements that differ between the standard reference design and the proposed design.
N1105.4.2 (R405.4.2) Residence specifications.
The standard reference design, proposed design and as-built dwelling unit shall be configured and analyzed as specified by Table N1105.4.2(1). Table N1105.4.2(1) shall include, by reference, all notes contained in Table N1102.1.3. Proposed U-factors and slab-on-grade F-factors shall be taken from Appendix NF, ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 90.1 Appendix A, or determined using a method consistent with the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals and shall include the thermal bridging effects of framing materials.
For SI: 1 square foot = 0.93 m2, 1 British thermal unit = 1055 J, 1 pound per square foot = 4.88 kg/m2, 1 gallon (US) = 3.785 L, °C = (°F – 32)/1.8, 1 degree = 0.79 rad, 1 cubic foot per minute = 28.317 L/min.
- a.
Hourly calculations as specified in the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, or the equivalent, shall be used to determine the energy loads resulting from infiltration.
- b.
The combined air exchange rate for infiltration and mechanical ventilation shall be determined in accordance with Equation 43 of 2001 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, page 26.24 and the “Whole-house Ventilation” provisions of 2001 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, page 26.19 for intermittent mechanical ventilation.
- c.
Thermal storage element shall mean a component that is not part of the floors, walls or ceilings that is part of a passive solar system, and that provides thermal storage such as enclosed water columns, rock beds, or phase-change containers. A thermal storage element shall be in the same room as fenestration that faces within 15 degrees (0.26 rad) of true south, or shall be connected to such a room with pipes or ducts that allow the element to be actively charged.
- d.
For a proposed design with multiple heating, cooling or water heating systems using different fuel types, the applicable standard reference design system capacities and fuel types shall be weighted in accordance with their respective loads as calculated by accepted engineering practice for each equipment and fuel type present.
- e.
For a proposed design without a proposed heating system, a heating system having the prevailing federal minimum efficiency shall be assumed for both the standard reference design and proposed design.
- f.
For a proposed design without a proposed cooling system, an electric air conditioner having the prevailing federal minimum efficiency shall be assumed for both the standard reference design and the proposed design.
- g.
For a proposed design without a proposed water heater, the following assumptions shall be made for both the proposed design and standard reference design. For a proposed design with a heat pump water heater, the following assumptions shall be made for the standard reference design, except the fuel type shall be electric:
Fuel Type: Same as the predominant heating fuel type
Rated Storage Volume: 40 gallons
Draw Pattern: Medium
Efficiency: Uniform Energy Factor complying with 10 CFR §430.32
- h.
For residences with conditioned basements, R-2 and R-4 residences, and for townhouses, the following formula shall be used to determine glazing area:
AF = As × FA × F
where:
AF =Total glazing area.
As =Standard reference design total glazing area.
FA =(Above-grade thermal boundary gross wall area)/(above-grade boundary wall area + 0.5 × below-grade boundary wall area).
F =(above-grade thermal boundary wall area)/(above-grade thermal boundary wall area + common wall area) or 0.56, whichever is greater.
and where:
-Thermal boundary wall is any wall that separates conditioned space from unconditioned space or ambient conditions.
-Above-grade thermal boundary wall is any thermal boundary wall component not in contact with soil.
-Below-grade boundary wall is any thermal boundary wall in soil contact.
-Common wall area is the area of walls shared with an adjoining dwelling unit.
- i.
The factor for the compactness of the hot water distribution system is the ratio of the area of the rectangle that bounds the source of hot water and the fixtures that it serves (the “hot water rectangle”) divided by the floor area of the dwelling.
- 1.
Sources of hot water include water heaters, or in multiple-family buildings with central water heating systems, circulation loops or electric heat traced pipes.
- 2.
The hot water rectangle shall include the source of hot water and the points of termination of all hot water fixture supply piping.
- 3.
The hot water rectangle shall be shown on the floor plans and the area shall be computed to the nearest square foot.
- 4.
Where there is more than one water heater and each water heater serves different plumbing fixtures and appliances, it is permissible to establish a separate hot water rectangle for each hot water distribution system and add the area of these rectangles together to determine the compactness ratio.
- 5.
The basement or attic shall be counted as a story when it contains the water heater.
- 6.
Compliance shall be demonstrated by providing a drawing on the plans that shows the hot water distribution system rectangle(s), comparing the area of the rectangle(s) to the area of the dwelling and identifying the appropriate compactness ratio and HWDS factor.
- 1.
- j.
For a proposed design with electric resistance heating, a split system heat pump complying with 10 CFR §430.32 (2021) shall be assumed modeled in the standard reference design.
- k.
For heating systems, cooling systems, or water heating systems not included in this table, the standard reference design shall be the same as proposed design.
- l.
- m.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONFIGURATION AND CONDITION | FORCED AIR SYSTEMS | HYDRONIC SYSTEMSb |
Distribution system components located in unconditioned space | NA | 0.95 |
Distribution system components entirely located in conditioned spacec | NA | 1 |
Ductless systemsd | 1 | NA |
NA = Not Applicable.
- a.
- b.
Hydronic systems mean those systems that distribute heating and cooling energy directly to individual spaces using liquids pumped through closed-loop piping and that do not depend on ducted, forced airflow to maintain space temperatures.
- c.
Entire system in conditioned space means that no component of the distribution system is located outside of the conditioned space.
- d.
Ductless systems are allowed to have forced airflow across a coil but must not have any ducted airflow external to the space conditioning equipment.
N1105.5 (R405.5) Calculation software tools.
Performance analysis tools meeting the applicable provisions of Sections N1105.5.1 through N1105.5.4 shall be permitted to be approved. Tools are permitted to be approved based on meeting a specified threshold for a jurisdiction. The code official shall be permitted to approve such tools for a specified application or limited scope.
N1105.5.1 (R405.5.1) Minimum capabilities.
Approved software tools shall include the following capabilities:
- 1.
Computer generation of the standard reference design using only the input for the proposed design. The calculation procedure shall not allow the user to directly modify the building component characteristics of the standard reference design.
- 2.
- 3.
Hourly calculations of building operation for a full calendar year (8,760 hours).
- 4.
Calculations that account for hourly variations of indoor and outdoor temperatures and part-load ratios on the performance of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning equipment based on climate and equipment sizing.
- 5.
Printing of a code official inspection checklist listing each of the proposed design component characteristics from Table N1105.4.2(1) determined by the analysis to provide compliance, along with their respective performance ratings such as R-value, U-factor, SHGC, HSPF2, AFUE, SEER2 and UEF.
N1105.5.2 (R405.5.2) Testing required by software vendors.
Prior to approval, software tools shall be tested by the software vendor in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE 140 Class II, Tier 1 test procedures. During testing, hidden inputs that are not normally available to the user shall be permitted to avoid introducing source code changes strictly used for testing. Software vendors shall publish, on a publicly available website, the following ANSI/ASHRAE 140 test results, input files and modeler reports for each tested version of a software tool:
- 1.
Test results demonstrating the software tool was tested in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE 140.
- 2.
The modeler report in ANSI/ASHRAE 140, Annex A2, Attachment A2.7.
N1105.5.3 (R405.5.3) Algorithms not tested.
Algorithms not tested in accordance with Section N1105.5.2 shall be permitted in accordance with ANSI/RESNET/ICC 301. Numerical settings not tested, such as timestep duration and tolerances, shall be permitted when they represent a higher resolution than the numerical settings used for testing.
N1105.5.4 (R405.5.4) Compliance reports.
Approved software tools shall generate compliance reports in accordance with Sections N1105.5.4.1 and N1105.5.4.2.
N1105.5.4.1 (R405.5.4.1) Compliance report for permit application.
A compliance report generated for submission with the application for building permit shall include the following:
- 1.
Building street address or other building site identification.
- 2.
The name of the individual performing the analysis and generating the compliance report.
- 3.
The name and version of the compliance software tool.
- 4.
Documentation of all inputs to the software used to produce the results for the standard reference design and the proposed design.
- 5.
A certificate indicating that the proposed design complies with Section N1105.2. The certificate shall document the building components’ energy specifications that are included in the calculation including: component-level insulation R-values or U-factors; duct system and building thermal envelope air leakage testing assumptions; and the type and rated efficiencies of proposed heating, cooling, mechanical ventilation and service water-heating equipment to be installed. Where on-site renewable energy systems will be installed, the certificate shall report the type and production size of the proposed system.
- 6.
Where a site-specific report is not generated, the proposed design shall be based on the worst-case orientation and configuration of the rated dwelling unit.
N1105.5.4.2 (R405.5.4.2) Compliance report for certificate of occupancy.
A compliance report generated for submission prior to obtaining the certificate of occupancy shall include the following:
- 1.
Building street address or other building site identification.
- 2.
Declaration of the simulated building performance path on the title page of the energy report and the title page of the building plans.
- 3.
- 4.
The name and version of the compliance software tool.
- 5.
- 6.
A final confirmed certificate indicating compliance based on inspection, and a statement indicating that the as-built building complies with Section N1105.2. The certificate shall report the energy features that were confirmed to be in the building, including component-level insulation R-values or U-factors; results from any required duct system and building thermal envelope air leakage testing; and the type and rated efficiencies of the heating, cooling, mechanical ventilation and service water-heating equipment installed.
- 7.
When on-site renewable energy systems have been installed, the certificate shall report the type and production size of the installed system.
Section N1106 (R406) Energy Rating Index Compliance Alternative
N1106.2 (R406.2) ERI compliance.
Compliance based on the ERI requires that the rated design and as-built dwelling unit meet all of the following:
- 1.
- 2.
SECTIONa | TITLE |
General | |
Certificate | |
Building thermal envelope | |
Vapor retarder | |
Rooms containing fuel-burning appliances | |
Eave baffle | |
Access hatches and door insulation installation and retention | |
Slab-on-grade floors | |
Crawl space walls | |
Installation | |
Air leakage testing | |
Maximum air leakage rate | |
Fireplaces | |
Fenestration air leakage | |
Recessed lighting | |
Air-sealed electrical and communication outlet boxes | |
Building thermal envelope | |
Mechanical | |
Controls | |
Hot water boiler temperature reset | |
Duct systems | |
Mechanical system piping insulation | |
Service hot water systems | |
Mechanical ventilation | |
Equipment sizing and efficiency rating | |
Systems serving multiple dwelling units | |
Snow melt and ice system controls | |
Energy consumption of pools and spas | |
Portable spas | |
Residential pools and permanent residential spas | |
Gas fireplaces | |
Electrical power and lighting systems | |
Lighting equipment | |
Interior lighting controls | |
- a.
Reference to a code section includes all of the relative subsections except as indicated in the table.
N1106.3 (R406.3) Building thermal envelope.
The proposed total building thermal envelope thermal conductance (TC) shall be less than or equal to the required total building thermal envelope TC using the prescriptive U-factors and F-factors from Table N1102.1.2 multiplied by 1.08 in Climate Zones 0, 1 and 2, and by 1.15 in Climate Zones 3 through 8, in accordance with Equation 11-6 and Section N1102.1.5. The area-weighted maximum fenestration SHGC permitted in Climate Zones 0 through 3 shall be 0.30.
N1106.4 (R406.4) Energy Rating Index.
The Energy Rating Index (ERI) shall be determined in accordance with ANSI/RESNET/ICC 301. The mechanical ventilation rates used for the purpose of determining the ERI shall not be construed to establish minimum ventilation requirements for compliance with this code.
Energy used to recharge or refuel a vehicle used for transportation on roads that are not on the building site shall not be included in the ERI reference design or the rated design.
N1106.5 (R406.5) ERI-based compliance.
Compliance based on an ERI analysis requires that the rated design and each confirmed as-built dwelling unit be shown to have an ERI less than or equal to the applicable value indicated in Table N1106.5 where compared to the ERI reference design, as follows:
- 1.
Where on-site renewables are not installed, the values under ENERGY RATING INDEX NOT INCLUDING OPP apply.
- 2.
Where on-site renewables are installed, the values under ENERGY RATING INDEX WITH OPP apply.
Exception: Where the ERI analysis excludes on-site power production (OPP), the values under ENERGY RATING INDEX NOT INCLUDING OPP shall be permitted to be applied.
CLIMATE ZONE | ENERGY RATING INDEX NOT INCLUDING OPP | ENERGY RATING INDEX WITH OPP |
0 and 1 | 51 | 35 |
2 | 51 | 34 |
3 | 50 | 33 |
4 | 53 | 40 |
5 | 54 | 43 |
6 | 53 | 43 |
7 | 52 | 46 |
8 | 52 | 46 |
N1106.6 (R406.6) Verification by approved agency.
Verification of compliance with Section N1106 as outlined in Sections N1106.5 and N1106.7 shall be completed by an approved third party. Verification of compliance with Section N1106.2 shall be completed by the authority having jurisdiction or an approved third-party inspection agency in accordance with Section R109.2.
N1106.7 (R406.7) Documentation.
Documentation of the software used to determine the ERI and the parameters for the ERI reference design shall be in accordance with Sections N1106.7.1 through N1106.7.4.
N1106.7.1 (R406.7.1) Compliance software tools.
Software tools used for determining ERI shall be approved software rating tools as defined by ANSI/RESNET/ICC 301. Software vendors shall publish, on a publicly available website, documentation that the software tool has been validated using the Class II, Tier 1 test procedure in ANSI/ASHRAE 140.
N1106.7.2 (R406.7.2) Compliance report.
Compliance software tools shall generate a report that documents that the ERI of the rated design and as-built dwelling unit complies with Sections N1106.2 through N1106.5. Compliance documentation shall be created for the proposed design and shall be submitted with the application for the building permit. Confirmed compliance documents of the as-built dwelling unit shall be created and submitted to the code official for review before a certificate of occupancy is issued. Compliance reports shall include information in accordance with Sections N1106.7.2.1 and N1106.7.2.2.
N1106.7.2.1 (R406.7.2.1) Proposed compliance report for permit application.
Compliance reports submitted with the application for a building permit shall include the following:
- 1.
Building street address, or other building site identification.
- 2.
Declare ERI on title page and building plans.
- 3.
The name of the individual performing the analysis and generating the compliance report.
- 4.
The name and version of the compliance software tool.
- 5.
Documentation of all inputs entered into the software used to produce the results for the ERI reference design and the rated design.
- 6.
A certificate indicating that the proposed design has an ERI less than or equal to the appropriate score indicated in Table N1106.5 when compared to the ERI reference design. The certificate shall document the building component energy specifications that are included in the calculation, including: component level insulation R-values or U-factors; assumed duct system and building thermal envelope air leakage testing results; and the type and rated efficiencies of proposed heating, cooling, mechanical ventilation and service water-heating equipment to be installed. Where on-site renewable energy systems will be installed, the certificate shall report the type and production size of the proposed system.
- 7.
When a site-specific report is not generated, the proposed design shall be based on the worst-case orientation and configuration of the rated dwelling unit.
N1106.7.2.2 (R406.7.2.2) Confirmed compliance report for a certificate of occupancy.
A confirmed compliance report submitted for obtaining the certificate of occupancy shall be made site and address specific and include the following:
- 1.
Building street address or other building site identification.
- 2.
Declaration of ERI on the title page and on the building plans.
- 3.
The name of the individual performing the analysis and generating the report.
- 4.
The name and version of the compliance software tool.
- 5.
Documentation of all inputs entered into the software used to produce the results for the ERI reference design and the as-built dwelling unit.
- 6.
A final confirmed certificate indicating that the as-built building complies with Sections N1106.2, N1106.4 and N1106.5. The certificate shall report the energy features that were confirmed to be in the building, including: component-level insulation R-values or U-factors; results from any required duct system and building thermal envelope air leakage testing; and the type and rated efficiencies of the heating, cooling, mechanical ventilation, and service waterheating equipment installed. Where on-site renewable energy systems have been installed on or in the building, the certificate shall report the type and production size of the installed system.
N1106.7.4 (R406.7.4) Additional documentation.
The code official shall be permitted to require the following documents:
- 1.
Documentation of the building component characteristics of the ERI reference design.
- 2.
A certification signed by the builder providing the building component characteristics of the rated design.
- 3.
Documentation of the actual values used in the software calculations for the rated design.
Section N1107 (R407) Tropical Climate Region Compliance Path
N1107.1 (R407.1) Scope.
This section establishes alternative criteria for residential buildings in the tropical region at elevations less than 2,400 feet (731.5 m) above sea level.
N1107.2 (R407.2) Tropical climate region.
Compliance with this section requires the following:
- 1.
Not more than one-half of the occupied space is air conditioned.
- 2.
The occupied space is not heated.
- 3.
Solar, wind or other renewable energy source supplies not less than 80 percent of the energy for service water heating.
- 4.
Glazing in conditioned spaces has a solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of less than or equal to 0.40, or has an overhang with a projection factor equal to or greater than 0.30.
- 5.
- 6.
- 7.
Roof surfaces have a slope of not less than 1/4 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2 percent slope). The finished roof does not have water accumulation areas.
- 8.
Operable fenestration provides a ventilation area of not less than 14 percent of the floor area in each room. Alternatively, equivalent ventilation is provided by a ventilation fan.
- 9.
Bedrooms with exterior walls facing two different directions have operable fenestration on exterior walls facing two directions.
- 10.
Interior doors to bedrooms are capable of being secured in the open position.
- 11.
A ceiling fan or ceiling fan rough-in is provided for bedrooms and the largest space that is not used as a bedroom.
OPTIONS |
3-year-aged solar reflectanceb of 0.55 and 3-year-aged thermal emittancec of 0.75. |
3-year-aged solar reflectance indexd of 64. |
- a.
The use of area-weighted averages to comply with these requirements shall be permitted. Materials lacking 3-year-aged tested values for either solar reflectance or thermal emittance shall be assigned both a 3-year-aged solar reflectance in accordance with Section N1108.2.1.3.1 and a 3-year-aged thermal emittance of 0.90.
- b.
Aged solar reflectance tested in accordance with ASTM C1549, ASTM E903, ASTM E1918 or CRRC S100.
- c.
Aged thermal emittance tested in accordance with ASTM C1371, ASTM E408 or CRRC S100.
- d.
Solar reflectance index (SRI) shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E1980 using a convection coefficient of 2.1 Btu/h × ft2× °F (12 W/m2× K). Calculation of aged SRI shall be based on aged-tested values of solar reflectance and thermal emittance.
Section N1108 (R408) Additional Efficiency Requirements
N1108.2 (R408.2) Additional energy efficiency credit requirements.
Residential buildings shall earn not less than 10 credits from not less than two measures specified in Table N1108.2. Five additional credits shall be earned for dwelling units with more than 5,000 square feet (465 m2) of living space located above grade plane. To earn credit as specified in Table N1108.2 for the applicable climate zone, each measure selected for compliance shall comply with the applicable subsections of Section N1108. Each dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall comply with the selected measure to earn credit. Interpolation of credits between measures shall not be permitted.
NA = Not Applicable.
- a.
Where the measure is selected, each dwelling unit, sleeping unit and common area where the measure is applicable must have the measure installed.
- b.
Where multiple heating or cooling systems are installed, credits shall be determined using a weighted average of the square footage served by each system.
- c.
Where the measure is selected, each dwelling unit and sleeping unit must comply with the measure.
- d.
Where the measure is selected, each dwelling unit shall be served by a water heater meeting the applicable requirements. Where multiple service water heating systems are installed, credits shall be determined using a weighted average of the square footage served by each system.
- e.
Eleven credits are available for Climate Zone 4 where the following measure is used: gas furnace and heat pump (Option 3): greater than or equal to 95% AFUE fuel gas furnace and 7.8 HSPF2, 15.2 SEER2 and 10.0 EER2 air source heat pump.
N1108.2.1 (R408.2.1) Enhanced building thermal envelope options.
The building thermal envelope shall comply with one or more the following:
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
N1108.2.1.1 (R408.2.1.1) Enhanced building thermal envelope performance.
The total building thermal envelope thermal conductance (TC) shall be calculated for the proposed building in accordance with Section N1102.1.5 and shall be reduced by not less than the percentage indicated in Table N1108.2 in comparison to the reference building.
N1108.2.1.2 (R408.2.1.2) Improved fenestration.
The area weighted average U-factor and SHGC of all vertical fenestration shall be equal to or less than the values specified in Table N1108.2.1.2.
CLIMATE ZONE | U-FACTOR | SHGC |
0 | 0.32 | 0.23 |
1 | 0.32 | 0.23 |
2 | 0.30 | 0.23 |
3 | 0.28 | 0.23 |
4 except Marine 4 | 0.25 | 0.40 |
5 and Marine 4 | 0.25 | NR |
6 | 0.25 | NR |
7 and 8 | 0.25 | NR |
NR = No Requirement.
N1108.2.1.3 (R408.2.1.3) Roof solar reflectance index.
Low slope roofs in Climate Zones 0 through 2 shall earn credit for Table N1108.2 measure numbers N1108.2.1.3(1) and N1108.2.1.3(2) where the 3-year-aged solar reflectance index (SRI) is greater than or equal to 75. To earn credit, not less than 95 percent of the roof area shall comply. The combined area of the following portions of roof shall not be greater than 5 percent of the roof area:
- 1.
Portions that include or are covered by the following:
- 1.1.
Photovoltaic systems or components.
- 1.2.
Solar air- or water-heating systems or components.
- 1.3.
Vegetative roofs or landscaped roofs.
- 1.4.
Above-roof decks or walkways.
- 1.5.
Skylights.
- 1.6.
HVAC systems and components, and other opaque objects mounted above the roof.
- 1.1.
- 2.
Portions shaded during the peak sun angle on the summer solstice by permanent features of the building, permanent features of adjacent buildings or natural objects.
- 3.
Portions that are ballasted with a minimum stone ballast of 17 pounds per square foot (psf) (74 kg/m2) or 23 psf (117 kg/m2) pavers.
The 3-year-aged SRI shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E1980 using a convection coefficient of 2.1 Btu/h × ft2× °F (12 W/m2× K). Calculation of aged SRI shall be based on 3-year-aged solar reflectance values tested in accordance with ASTM C1549, ASTM E903, ASTM E1918 or CRRC S100 and 3-year-aged thermal emittance values tested in accordance with ASTM C1371, ASTM E408 or CRRC S100.
Where a tested 3-year-aged solar reflectance value is not available, an assigned value shall be determined in accordance with Equation 11-8.
where:
The aged solar reflectance.
The initial solar reflectance determined in accordance with ASTM C1549, ASTM E903, ASTM E1918 or CRRC S100.
N1108.2.1.4 (R408.2.1.4) Reduced air leakage.
The building shall have a measured air leakage rate not less than 2.0 ACH50 and not greater than 2.5 ACH50 or the dwelling units in the building shall have an average measured air leakage rate not greater than 0.24 cubic feet per minute per square foot [1.2 L/(s × m2)].
N1108.2.2 (R408.2.2) More efficient HVAC equipment performance options.
Heating and cooling equipment shall meet one of the following measures as applicable for the climate zone where heating and cooling efficiencies are represented by Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE), Coefficient of Performance (COP), Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER and EER2), Heating Season Performance Factor (HSPF2) and Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER2). Where multiple heating or cooling systems are installed serving different zones, credits shall be earned based on the weighted average of square footage of the zone served by the system.
HVAC options applicable to all climate zones:
- 1.
Ground source heat pump: Greater than or equal to 16.1 EER and 3.1 COP ground source heat pump.
- 2.
Cooling (Option 1): Greater than or equal to 15.2 SEER2 and 12.0 EER2 air conditioner.
- 3.
Cooling (Option 2): Greater than or equal to 16.0 SEER2 and 12.0 EER2 air conditioner.
- 4.
Gas furnace (Option 1): Greater than or equal to 97 percent AFUE fuel gas furnace.
- 5.
Gas furnace (Option 2): Greater than or equal to 95 percent AFUE fuel gas furnace.
HVAC options applicable to Climate Zones 0, 1, 2 and 3:
- 6.
Gas furnace (Option 3): Greater than or equal to 90 percent AFUE fuel gas furnace.
- 7.
Gas furnace and cooling (Option 1): Greater than or equal to 90 percent AFUE fuel gas furnace and 15.2 SEER2 and 10.0 EER2 air conditioner.
- 8.
Gas furnace and cooling (Option 2): Greater than or equal to 95 percent AFUE fuel gas furnace and 16.0 SEER2 and 10.0 EER2 air conditioner.
- 9.
Gas furnace and heat pump (Option 1): Greater than or equal to 90 percent AFUE fuel gas furnace and 7.8 HSPF2, 15.2 SEER2 and 10.0 EER2 air source heat pump.
- 10.
Heat pump (Option 1): Greater than or equal to 7.8 HSPF2, 15.2 SEER2, and 11.7 EER2 air source heat pump.
HVAC options applicable to Climate Zones 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8:
- 11.
Gas furnace and cooling (Option 3): Greater than or equal to 95 percent AFUE fuel gas furnace and 15.2 SEER2 and 12.0 EER2 air conditioner.
- 12.
Gas furnace and cooling (Option 4): Greater than or equal to 97 percent AFUE fuel gas furnace and 16.0 SEER2 and 12.0 EER2 air conditioner.
- 13.
Gas furnace and heat pump (Option 2): Greater than or equal to 95 percent AFUE fuel gas furnace and 8.1 HSPF2 and 15.2 SEER2 air source heat pump capable of meeting a capacity ratio ≥ 70 percent of heating capacity at 5°F (-15°C) versus rated heating capacity at 47°F (8.3°C).
- 14.
Heat pump (Option 2): Greater than or equal to 8.1 HSPF2 and 15.2 SEER2 air source heat pump capable of meeting a capacity ratio ≥ 70 percent of heating capacity at 5°F (-15°C) versus rated heating capacity at 47°F (8.3°C).
N1108.2.2.1 (R408.2.2.1) More efficient HVAC equipment for Climate Zone 4.
For Climate Zone 4, the following HVAC options shall also apply:
- 1.
Gas furnace and heat pump (Option 3): Greater than or equal to 95 percent AFUE fuel gas furnace and 7.8 HSPF2, 15.2 SEER2 and 10.0 EER2 air source heat pump.
- 2.
Heat pump (Option 1): Greater than or equal to 7.8 HSPF2, 15.2 SEER2 and 11.7 EER2 air source heat pump.
N1108.2.3 (R408.2.3) Reduced energy use in service water-heating options.
For measure numbers N1108.2.3(1) through N1108.2.3(7), the installed hot water system shall meet one of the Uniform Energy Factors (UEF) or Solar Uniform Energy Factors (SUEF) in Table N1108.2.3. For measure number N1108.2.3(8), the hot water distribution system shall comply with Section N1108.2.3.1.
MEASURE NUMBER | WATER HEATER | SIZE AND DRAW PATTERN | TYPE | EFFICIENCY |
Gas-fired storage water heaters (option 1) | All storage volumes, all draw patterns | UEF ≥ 0.81 | ||
Gas-fired storage water heaters (option 2) | ≤ 55 gallons, High | UEF ≥ 0.86 | ||
> 55 gallons, Medium or High | UEF ≥ 0.86 | |||
Rated input capacity > 75,000 Btu/h | UEF ≥ 0.86 or Et ≥ 94% | |||
Gas-fired instantaneous water heaters (option 1) | All storage volumes, Medium or High | UEF ≥ 0.92 | ||
Gas-fired instantaneous water heaters (option 2) | All storage volumes, Medium or High | UEF ≥ 0.95 | ||
Electric water heaters (option 1) | All storage volumes, Low, Medium or High | Integrated HPWH | UEF ≥ 3.30 | |
Electric water heaters (option 2) | All storage volumes, Low, Medium or High | Integrated HPWH, 120 Volt/15 Amp Circuit | UEF ≥ 2.20 | |
Electric water heaters (option 3) | All storage volumes, Low, Medium, High | Split-system HPWH | UEF ≥ 2.20 | |
Electric water heaters (option 4) | All storage volumes, Low, Medium or High | Split-system HPWH | UEF ≥ 3.75 | |
Electric water heaters (option 5) | Rated input capacity > 12kW | COP ≥ 3.00 | ||
Solar water heaters (option 1) | All storage volumes, all draw patterns | Electric backup | SUEF ≥ 3.00 | |
Solar water heaters (option 2) | All storage volumes, all draw patterns | Gas backup | SUEF ≥ 1.80 |
For SI: 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W.
UEF = Uniform Energy Factor, Et = Thermal Efficiency, COP = Coefficient of Performance.
N1108.2.3.1 (R408.2.3.1) Compact hot water distribution system option.
The pipe shall store not more than 16 ounces (0.47 L) of water between the nearest source of heated water and the termination of the fixture supply pipe when calculated using Section N1108.2.3.1.1. Where the source of heated water is a circulation loop, the loop shall be primed with a demand recirculation water system that complies with Section N1103.5.1.1.1.There shall be a dedicated return line for the loop that begins after the branch to the last fixture on the supply portion of the loop and runs back to the water heater.
NOMINAL SIZE (inches) | OUNCES OF WATER PER FOOT OF TUBE | |||||||||
Copper Type M | Copper Type L | Copper Type K | CPVC CTS SDR 11 | CPVC SCH 40 | CPVC SCH 80 | PE-RT SDR 9 | Composite ASTM F1281 | PEX CTS SDR 9 | ||
3/8 | 1.06 | 0.97 | 0.84 | N/A | 1.17 | — | 0.64 | 0.63 | 0.64 | |
1/2 | 1.69 | 1.55 | 1.45 | 1.25 | 1.89 | 1.46 | 1.18 | 1.31 | 1.18 | |
3/4 | 3.43 | 3.22 | 2.90 | 2.67 | 3.38 | 2.74 | 2.35 | 3.39 | 2.35 | |
1 | 5.81 | 5.49 | 5.17 | 4.43 | 5.53 | 4.57 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 3.91 | |
1 1/4 | 8.70 | 8.36 | 8.09 | 6.61 | 9.66 | 8.24 | 5.81 | 8.49 | 5.81 | |
1 1/2 | 12.18 | 11.83 | 11.45 | 9.22 | 13.20 | 11.38 | 8.09 | 13.88 | 8.09 | |
2 | 21.08 | 20.58 | 20.04 | 15.79 | 21.88 | 19.11 | 13.86 | 21.48 | 13.86 | |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 liquid ounce = 0.030L, 1 ounces per square foot = 305.15 g/m2.
N/A = Not Available.
The water volume in the piping between a source of heated water and the termination of a fixture supply shall be calculated in accordance with this section. Water heaters, circulating water systems and heat trace temperature maintenance systems shall be considered to be sources of heated water. The volume shall be the sum of the internal volumes of pipe, fittings, valves, meters and manifolds between the nearest source of heated water and the termination of the fixture supply pipe. The volume in the piping shall be determined from Table N1108.2.3.1. The volume contained within fixture shutoff valves, within flexible water supply connectors to a fixture fitting and within a fixture fitting shall not be included in the water volume determination. Where heated water is supplied by a recirculating system or heat-traced piping, the volume shall include the portion of the fitting on the branch pipe that supplies water to the fixture.
N1108.2.4 (R408.2.4) More efficient thermal distribution system options.
The thermal distribution system shall comply with one of the following:
- 1.
The ductless thermal distribution system or hydronic thermal distribution system is located completely on the conditioned side of the building thermal envelope.
- 2.
- 3.
The space conditioning equipment is located inside conditioned space and not less than 80 percent of ductwork is located completely inside conditioned space as defined by Section N1103.3.4, Items 1 and 2. In addition, not more than 20 percent of ductwork is contained within building assemblies separating unconditioned from conditioned space as defined by Section N1103.3.4, Item 3.
- 4.
Where ductwork is located outside conditioned space, the total leakage of the duct system measured in accordance with Section N1103.3.7 is one of the following:
- 4.1.
Where the space conditioning equipment is installed at the time of testing, total leakage is not greater than 2.0 cubic feet per minute (0.94 L/s) per 100 square feet (9.29 m2) of conditioned floor area.
- 4.2.
Where the space conditioning equipment is not installed at the time of testing, total leakage is not greater than 1.75 cubic feet per minute (0.83 L/s) per 100 square feet (9.29 m2) of conditioned floor area.
- 4.1.
- 5.
N1108.2.5 (R408.2.5) Improved air sealing and efficient ventilation system options.
The measured air leakage rate and ventilation system shall meet one of the following:
- 1.
Either an Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV) or a Heat Recovery Ventilator (HRV) installed.
- 2.
Less than or equal to 2.0 ACH50, with either an ERV or HRV installed.
- 3.
Less than or equal to 2.0 ACH50, with a balanced ventilation system.
- 4.
Less than or equal to 1.5 ACH50, with either an ERV or HRV installed.
- 5.
Less than or equal to 1.0 ACH50, with either an ERV or HRV installed.
In addition, for measures requiring either an ERV or HRV, HRV and ERV Sensible Recovery Efficiency (SRE) shall be not less than 75 percent at 32°F (0°C) at the lowest listed net airflow. ERV Latent Recovery/Moisture Transfer (LRMT) shall be not less than 50 percent at the lowest listed net airflow. In Climate Zone 8, recirculation shall not be used as a defrost strategy.
N1108.2.6 (R408.2.6) Energy efficient appliances.
Each appliance of a type listed in Table N1108.2.6 installed in a residential building shall comply with the efficiency requirements specified in that table. Each appliance specified in Table N1108.2.6 shall be installed. A clothes washer shall be installed at each location plumbed for a clothes washer.
APPLIANCE TYPES | EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT | TEST PROCEDURE |
Refrigerator | Maximum Annual Energy Consumption (AEC), not greater than 620 kWH/yr | |
Dishwasher | Maximum Annual Energy Consumption (AEC), not greater than 240 kWh/yr | |
Clothes washer and clothes dryer | Clothes washer located within dwelling units: Maximum Annual Energy Consumption (AEC), not greater than 130 kWh/yr, and Integrated Modified Energy Factor (IMEF) > 1.84 cu ft/kWh/cycle Clothes washer not located within dwelling units and where dwelling units are not provided with rough-in plumbing for washers: Modified Energy Factor (MEF) > 2.0 cu ft/kWh/cycle |
For SI: 1 cubic foot per kilowatt hour per cycle = 0.028 m3/kWh/cycle.
N1108.2.7 (R408.2.7) Renewable energy.
Renewable energy resources shall be permanently installed and have the rated capacity to produce not less than 1.0 watt of on-site renewable energy per square foot of conditioned floor area. To qualify for this option, renewable energy certificate (REC) documentation shall meet the requirements of Section N1104.4.
N1108.2.8 (R408.2.8) Demand response.
The thermostat controlling the primary heating or cooling system of each dwelling unit shall be provided with a demand responsive control capable of communicating with the Virtual End Node (VEN) using a wired or wireless bi-directional communication pathway that provides the occupant the ability to voluntarily participate in utility demand response programs, where available. The thermostat shall be capable of executing the following actions in response to a demand response signal:
- 1.
Automatically increasing the zone operating cooling set point by the following values: 1°F (0.5°C), 2°F (1°C), 3°F (1.5°C) and 4°F (2°C).
- 2.
Automatically decreasing the zone operating heating set point by the following values: 1°F (0.5°C), 2°F (1°C), 3°F (1.5°C) and 4°F (2°C).
Thermostats controlling single-stage HVAC systems shall comply with Section N1108.2.8.1. Thermostats controlling variablecapacity systems shall comply with Section N1108.2.8.2. Thermostats controlling multistage HVAC systems shall comply with either Section N1108.2.8.1 or N1108.2.8.2. Where a demand response signal is not available, the thermostat shall be capable of performing all other functions.
N1108.2.8.1 (R408.2.8.1) Single-stage HVAC system controls.
Thermostats controlling single-stage HVAC systems shall be provided with a demand responsive control that complies with one of the following:
- 1.
Certified OpenADR 2.0a VEN, as specified under Clause 11, Conformance.
- 2.
Certified OpenADR 2.0b VEN, as specified under Clause 11, Conformance.
- 3.
Certified by the manufacturer as being capable of responding to a demand response signal from a certified OpenADR 2.0b VEN by automatically implementing the control functions requested by the VEN for the equipment it controls.
- 4.
IEC 62746-10-1.
- 5.
The communication protocol required by a controlling entity, such as a utility or service provider, to participate in an automated demand response program.
- 6.
The physical configuration and communication protocol of CTA 2045-A or CTA-2045-B.
N1108.2.10 (R408.2.10) Whole-home lighting control.
The dwelling unit shall have a manual control by the main entrance that turns off all the permanently installed interior lighting or a lighting control system that has the capability to turn off all permanently installed interior lighting from remote locations.
Exceptions:
- 1.
Up to 5 percent of the total lighting power may remain uncontrolled.
- 2.
Spaces where lighting is controlled by a count-down timer or occupant sensor control.
N1108.2.11 (R408.2.11) Higher efficacy lighting.
All spaces shall be provided with hardwired lighting with a lamp efficacy of 90 lumens per watt (lm/W) or a luminaire efficacy of 55 lm/W.
Exceptions:
- 1.
Closets.
- 2.
Other storage spaces.
Section N1109 (R501) Existing Buildings—General
N1109.1 (R501.1) Scope.
The provisions of Sections N1109 through N1113 shall control the alteration, repair, addition and change of occupancy of existing buildings and structures.
N1109.1.1 (R501.1.1) General.
Except as specified in this chapter, this code shall not be used to require the removal, alteration or abandonment of, nor prevent the continued use and maintenance of, an existing building or building system lawfully in existence at the time of adoption of this code. Unaltered portions of the existing building , or building supply system shall not be required to comply with this code.
N1109.2 (R501.2) Compliance.
Additions, alterations, repairs or changes of occupancy to, or relocation of, an existing building, building system or portion thereof shall comply with Section N1110, N1111, N1112 or N1113, respectively, in this code and the provisions for alterations, repairs, additions and changes of occupancy or relocation, respectively, in this code, the International Building Code, International Existing Building Code, International Fire Code, International Fuel Gas Code, International Mechanical Code, International Plumbing Code, International Property Maintenance Code, International Private Sewage Disposal Code and NFPA 70 as applicable. Changes where unconditioned space is changed to conditioned space shall comply with Section N1109.6.
N1109.3 (R501.3) Maintenance.
Buildings and structures, and parts thereof, shall be maintained in a safe and sanitary condition. Devices and systems that are required by this code shall be maintained in conformance to the code edition under which installed. The owner or the owner’s authorized agent shall be responsible for the maintenance of buildings and structures. The requirements of this chapter shall not provide the basis for removal or abrogation of energy conservation, fire protection and safety systems and devices in existing structures.
N1109.4 (R501.4) New and replacement materials.
Except as otherwise required or permitted by this code, materials permitted by the applicable code for new construction shall be used. Like materials shall be permitted for repairs, provided that hazards to life, health or property are not created. Hazardous materials shall not be used where the code for new construction would not allow their use in buildings of similar occupancy, purpose and location.
N1109.5 (R501.5) Historic buildings.
Provisions of this chapter relating to the construction, repair, alteration, restoration and movement of structures, and change of occupancy shall not be mandatory for historic buildings provided that a report has been submitted to the building official and signed by the owner, a registered design professional, or a representative of the State Historic Preservation Office or the historic preservation authority having jurisdiction, demonstrating that compliance with that provision would threaten, degrade or destroy the historic form, fabric or function of the building.
Section N1110 (R502) Additions
N1110.1 (R502.1) General.
Additions to an existing building, building system or portion thereof shall conform to the provisions of this chapter as they relate to new construction. Additions shall not create an unsafe or hazardous condition or overload existing building systems.
N1110.2 (R502.2) Prescriptive compliance.
Additions shall comply with Sections N1110.2.1 through N1110.2.5.
N1110.2.5 (R502.2.5) Additional efficiency credit requirements for additions.
Additions shall comply with sufficient measures from Table N1108.2 to achieve not less than five credits. Alterations to the existing building that are not part of the addition but permitted with the addition shall be permitted to be used to achieve this requirement.
Exceptions:
- 1.
Additions that increase the building’s total conditioned floor area by less than 25 percent.
- 2.
- 3.
Additions that do not increase conditioned space.
- 4.
Section N1111 (R503) Alterations
N1111.1 (R503.1) General.
Alterations to any building or structure shall comply with the requirements of the code for new construction, without requiring the unaltered portions of the existing building or building system to comply with this chapter. Alterations shall be such that the existing building or structure is not less conforming with the provisions of this chapter than the existing building or structure was prior to the alteration.
Alterations shall not create an unsafe or hazardous condition or overload existing building systems. Alterations shall be such that the existing building or structure does not use more energy than the existing building or structure prior to the alteration. Alterations to existing buildings shall comply with Sections N1111.1.1 through N1111.1.5.
N1111.1.1 (R503.1.1) Building thermal envelope.
Alterations of existing building thermal envelope assemblies shall comply with this section. New building thermal envelope assemblies that are part of the alteration shall comply with Section N1102. The R-value of insulation shall not be reduced nor the U-factor of a building thermal envelope assembly be increased as part of a building thermal envelope alteration, except where the building after the alteration complies with Section N1105 or N1106.
Exception: The following alterations shall not be required to comply with the requirements for new construction provided that the energy use of the building is not increased:
- 1.
Storm windows installed over existing fenestration.
➡
- 2.
Roof recover.
➡
- 3.
Surface-applied window film installed on existing single-pane fenestration assemblies to reduce solar heat gain provided that the code does not require the glazing or fenestration assembly to be replaced.
- 4.
Roof replacement where roof assembly insulation is integral to or located below the structural roof deck.
N1111.1.1.1 (R503.1.1.1) Fenestration alterations.
Where new fenestration area is added to an existing building, the new fenestration shall comply with Section N1102.4. Where some or all of an existing fenestration unit is replaced with a new fenestration product, including sash and glazing, the replacement fenestration unit shall meet the applicable requirements for U-factor and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) as specified in Table N1102.1.3. Where more than one replacement fenestration unit is to be installed, an area-weighted average of the U-factor, SHGC or both of all replacement fenestration units shall be an alternative that can be used to show compliance.
N1111.1.1.2 (R503.1.1.2) Roof, ceiling and attic alterations.
Roof, ceiling and attic insulation shall comply with Section N1102.1. Alternatively, where limiting conditions prevent compliance with Section N1102.1, an approved design that minimizes deviation from Section N1102.1 shall be provided for the following alterations:
- 1.
- 2.
Roof replacement or a roof alteration that includes removing and replacing the roof covering where the roof assembly includes insulation entirely above the roof deck. Where limiting conditions require use of an approved design to minimize deviation from Section N1102.1 for a Group R-2 building, a registered design professional or other approved source shall provide construction documents that identify the limiting conditions and the means to address them.
- 3.
Conversion of an unconditioned attic space into conditioned space.
- 4.
Replacement of ceiling finishes exposing cavities or surfaces of the roof/ceiling.
N1111.1.1.3 (R503.1.1.3) Above-grade wall alterations.
Above-grade wall alterations shall comply with the following as applicable:
- 1.
Where wall cavities are exposed, the exposed cavities shall be filled with insulation complying with Section N1101.10.4. New cavities created shall be insulated in accordance with Section N1102.1 or an approved design that minimizes deviation from Section N1102.1. An interior vapor retarder shall be provided where required in accordance with Section R702.7.
- 2.
Where exterior wall coverings and fenestration are added or replaced for the full extent of any exterior facade of one or more elevations of the building, continuous insulation shall be provided where required in accordance with Section N1102.1 or the wall insulation shall be in accordance with an approved design that minimizes deviation from Section N1102.1. Where specified, the continuous insulation requirement also shall comply with Section R702.7. Replacement exterior wall coverings shall comply with the water-resistance requirements of Section R703.1.1 and manufacturers’ instructions.
- 3.
N1111.1.1.5 (R503.1.1.5) Below-grade wall alterations.
Where an unconditioned below-grade space is changed to conditioned space, the building thermal envelope walls enclosing such space shall be insulated in accordance with Section N1102.1. Where the below-grade space is conditioned space and where building thermal envelope walls enclosing such space are altered, they shall be insulated in accordance with Section N1102.1.
N1111.1.1.6 (R503.1.1.6) Air barrier.
Altered building thermal envelope assemblies shall be provided with an air barrier in accordance with Section N1102.5. Such an air barrier need not be continuous with unaltered portions of the building thermal envelope. Testing requirements of Section N1102.5.1.2 shall not be required.
N1111.1.2 (R503.1.2) Heating and cooling systems.
New heating and cooling systems and ductwork that are part of an alteration shall comply with Section N1103 and this section. Alterations to existing heating and cooling systems and ductwork shall comply with this section.
Exception: Where ductwork from an existing heating and cooling system is extended.
N1111.1.2.2 (R503.1.2.2) System sizing.
New heating and cooling equipment that is part of an alteration shall be sized in accordance with Section N1103.7 based on the existing building features as modified by the alteration.
Exception: Where it has been demonstrated to the code official that compliance with this section would result in heating or cooling equipment that is incompatible with the remaining portions of the existing heating or cooling system.
N1111.1.2.3 (R503.1.2.3) Duct system leakage.
Where an alteration includes any of the following, duct systems shall be tested in accordance with Section N1103.3.7 and shall have a total leakage less than or equal to 12.0 cubic feet per minute (339.9 L/min) per 100 square feet (9.29 m2) of conditioned floor area:
- 1.
Twenty-five percent or more of the registers that are part of the duct system are relocated.
- 2.
Twenty-five percent or more of the total length of all ductwork in the duct system is relocated.
- 3.
The total length of all ductwork in the duct system is increased by 25 percent or more.
Section N1112 (R504) Repairs
N1112.1 (R504.1) General.
Buildings, structures and parts thereof shall be repaired in compliance with Section N1109.3 and this section. Work on nondamaged components necessary for the required repair of damaged components shall be considered to be part of the repair and shall not be subject to the requirements for alterations in this chapter. Routine maintenance required by Section N1109.3, ordinary repairs exempt from permit, and abatement of wear due to normal service conditions shall not be subject to the requirements for repairs in this section.
N1112.2 (R504.2) Application.
For the purposes of this code, the following shall be considered to be repairs:
- 1.
Glass-only replacements in an existing sash and frame.
- 2.
Roof repairs.
- 3.
Repairs where only the bulb, ballast or both within the existing luminaires in a space are replaced provided that the replacement does not increase the installed interior lighting power.
Section N1113 (R505) Change of Occupancy or Use
N1113.1 (R505.1) General.
Any space that is converted to a dwelling unit or portion thereof from another use or occupancy shall comply with this chapter.