Appendix BL Hemp-Lime (Hempcrete) Construction
Section BL101 General
BL101.1 Scope.
This appendix shall govern the use of hemp-lime as a nonstructural building material and wall infill system. Townhouses in Seismic Design Categories C, D0, D1 and D2 and one- and two-family dwellings in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2 shall require an approved engineered design by a registered design professional in accordance with Section R301.1.3.
Section BL102 Definitions
BL102.1 General.
The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this appendix, have the meanings shown herein. Refer to Chapter 2 for general definitions.
BINDER.
The material that binds the hemp hurd in a hemp-lime mix.
BONDING COAT.
The initial thin layer of binder-rich granulated plaster used in lined applications of hemp-lime construction to ensure adhesive and/or mechanical bonding. Also known as “gobetis.”
CASTING.
Placing wet hemp-lime into forms.
CAST-IN-PLACE.
Installation of hemp-lime mix by hand or by spraying into forms in its permanent location.
CLAY.
Inorganic soil with particle sizes less than 0.00008 inch (0.002 mm) and having the characteristics of high dry strength and medium to high plasticity, used as a binder of other component materials in clay plaster.
CLAY SUBSOIL.
Subsoil sourced directly from the earth, containing clay, sand and silt, and containing not more than trace amounts of organic matter.
FIBER CLUMPS.
Long fibers that are attached to hemp hurd, or for other reasons, cause clumping of fibrous balls when agitated.
FINISH.
Exposed surface material on the interior or exterior face of a hemp-lime infill wall.
FORM.
The material into which hemp-lime infill, panels or blocks are cast.
FORMWORK.
The system of forms, their bracing and fasteners assembled for casting of hemp-lime infill.
HAND-CAST.
Hemp-lime infill cast by placing hemp-lime mix into formwork and evenly tamping by hand or with a tool.
HEMP.
A class of the Cannabis sativa plant grown for industrial purposes in which the concentration of total delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the flowering tops is equal to or less than the regulated maximum level established by authorities having jurisdiction.
HEMP HURD.
The chopped woody core of the stalks of the hemp plant, stripped of its surrounding hemp fibers. Also known as “hemp shiv” or “hemp shive.”
HEMPCRETE.
Common usage term for hemp-lime .
HEMP-LIME.
A bio-aggregate composite consisting of hemp hurd and a lime-based binder. Also known as “hempcrete.”
INFILL.
Hemp-lime placed between or around the structural or nonstructural framing of a building as insulation, thermal mass and a substrate for finish.
LIFT.
A horizontal layer of hemp-lime infill.
LIME.
Lime is composed of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] including Type N or S hydrated lime, hydraulic lime, natural hydraulic lime or slaked quicklime.
LINED APPLICATION.
Installation of a vertical hemp-lime layer, lining a masonry or concrete wall.
NATURAL CEMENT.
Hydraulic cement made from naturally occurring limestone.
NONBEARING.
Not bearing the weight of the building other than the weight of the hemp-lime infill and its finish.
PLASTER.
POZZOLAN.
A siliceous or alumino-siliceous material that, when finely divided and combined with hydrated lime in the presence of water, forms new chemical compounds with cementitious properties.
PRECAST.
Blocks or panels of hemp-lime formed and cured before installation.
REED MAT.
A mat consisting of reed, cane, bamboo or other similar plant material.
SCREEDING.
Removal of excess material to form a planar surface.
SPRAY-APPLIED.
A method of mechanical projection of hemp-lime applied onto or into a form using compressed air.
TADELAKT.
A lime-plaster which is compressed, polished and treated with oil-based soap to make it water-repellent.
UNIT WALL WEIGHT.
The unit wall weight is the calculated weight of a 1-foot by 1-foot (305 mm × 305 mm) section of wall surface area times the full wall thickness, including finishes. The unit wall weight is the sum of the weight of each constituent material times its volume, expressed as pounds per square foot (psf).
VOID.
Any space in a hemp-lime wall greater than 1/4 inch (6 mm) wide, 2 inches (51 mm) long and 2 inches (51 mm) deep.
Section BL103 Hemp-Lime Construction
BL103.1 General.
Hemp-lime construction shall be limited to the nonstructural, solid infill mix of hemp hurd and its binder between or around structural and nonstructural wall framing. Hemp-lime infill shall have a density ranging from 12.5 lb/ft3to 25 lb/ft3(200 kg/m3to 400 kg/m3). Hemp-lime walls shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section BL103 and with Figures BL103.1(1) through BL103.1(4) or an approved alternative design.
BL103.2 Materials.
Materials to be used in hemp-lime construction shall be in accordance with Sections BL103.2 through BL103.2.3.
BL103.3 Structure.
The structure of buildings using hemp-lime infill shall be in accordance with this code and Sections BL103.3.1 through BL103.3.9 or with an approved engineered design by a registered design professional.
BL103.3.1 Limitations and requirements for buildings using hemp-lime infill.
Buildings using hemp-lime infill shall be subject to the following limitations and requirements:
- 1.
Number of stories: not more than one story above grade plane.
- 2.
The building height shall not be more than 25 feet (7620 mm).
- 3.
Braced wall panel lengths: in accordance with Sections R602.10.3 and BL103.3.2.
- 4.
Unit wall weight: Hemp-lime walls shall not exceed an average unit wall weight of 65 psf (317 kg/m2).
BL103.3.2 Bracing.
Bracing for buildings with hemp-lime infill in Seismic Design Categories A, B and C shall be in accordance with Section R602.10 and in accordance with the following. Walls with hemp-lime infill shall use Method LIB and shall not be braced with solid sheathing. Hemp-lime infill walls utilizing Method LIB shall not require gypsum board to be installed and shall use the minimum braced wall lengths listed in Section R602.10. Adjustment factors in Table R602.10.3(4) shall be used as applicable. Alternatively, hemp-lime infill walls shall comply with Section R301.1. Walls or wall sections without hemp-lime infill shall be permitted to use any bracing method allowed in Section R602.10.
BL103.3.6 Contact with wood members.
Hemp-lime shall be permitted to be in contact with untreated wood members.
BL103.3.7 Openings in walls.
Doors, windows and similar openings in hemp-lime walls shall be in accordance with the following:
- 1.
Rough framing for doors and windows shall be part of, or be fastened to, the wall framing in accordance with this code.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
Cast-in-place hemp-lime over and overhanging the face of a header more than 3 inches (76 mm) shall require an approved design of its support by a registered design professional.
- 5.
Hemp-lime blocks overhanging headers shall require an approved design of their support by a registered design professional.
WALL HEIGHT ABOVE HEADER | UNIT WALL WEIGHT (psf) | |||
15 | 30 | 45 | 65 | |
1'-0″ | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1’-6″ | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.90 | 0.90 |
2’-0″ | 1.00 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.85 |
2’-6″ | 1.00 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.85 |
3’-0″ | 1.00 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.80 |
BL103.3.8 Voids.
Voids shall be filled with hemp-lime or other approved material before application of finish.
BL103.3.9 Anchorage of hemp-lime.
Hemp-lime for interior and exterior stud walls shall be anchored or shall be in accordance with an approved design by a registered design professional. Horizontal anchorage rails shall be installed at not more than 24 inches (610 mm) on center and in accordance with Figures BL103.1(1) and BL103.1(3). Horizontal anchorage rails shall be no less than 1 inch by 2 inches (25 mm by 51 mm). Anchorage rails shall be wood, metal per Section BL103.4, or other approved material. Anchorage rails should be attached to the side of the stud facing the interior of the wall with one 8d box nail to each stud and run the entire length of the wall.
BL103.4 Contact with metal.
Metal in contact with hemp-lime shall be stainless steel or primed and painted with a coating in accordance with Section BL103.4.1.
BL103.4.1 Protective coatings.
Metal shall be painted with an epoxy, oil, bituminous paint or other approved coating. Waterbased paints shall not be used.
Exception: Heads of pneumatically driven hot-dip galvanized nails.
BL103.5 Mechanical, electrical and plumbing in hemp-lime infill.
Electrical and telecommunication wiring, panels and boxes, mechanical ducts, plumbing pipes and other mechanical, electrical and plumbing components in or in contact with hemp-lime infill shall be isolated in sleeves, pipes, conduits or tubing made of plastic, or of metal in accordance with Section BL103.4, or separated from hemp-lime with an approved alkaline-resistant material.
BL103.6 Hemp-lime installation methods.
Hemp-lime shall be installed in accordance with Sections BL103.6.1 and BL103.6.2, and one of Sections BL103.6.3 through BL103.6.7.
BL103.6.1 Mix and mixing.
The materials and ratio of hemp hurd to binder to water shall match the specifications of the approved test samples in Sections BL106.3 and BL107.1. The water-to-binder ratio shall be not less than 1:1 and not greater than 2:1 by weight or by binder manufacturer’s recommendations. The hemp hurd, binder and water shall be thoroughly and uniformly mixed by manual or mechanical means.
BL103.6.2 Formwork for hand-cast and spray-applied methods.
Forms shall be removable or permanent and shall not deform under the lateral pressure of the installed wet hemp-lime .
BL103.6.2.1 Permanent forms.
Permanent forms shall be permitted to be installed on only one side. Permanent forms shall be reed mats or other approved materials with an open weave. Sheet materials shall not be used as permanent forms. Permanent forms remain after curing as a finish or substrate for another finish.
Exception: Permanent forms of any material shall be permitted at the jambs, heads and sills of openings.
BL103.6.2.2 Removable forms.
Removable forms shall be removed within 24 hours after hemp-lime placement or per the binder manufacturer’s specifications.
Exception: Removable forms temporarily supporting hemp-lime infill above wall openings shall not be removed for a minimum of 3 days or per binder manufacturer’s specifications.
BL103.6.3 Hand-cast.
Hand-cast hemp-lime infill shall be installed in uniform lifts not greater than 4 inches (102 mm) in height. Each lift shall be tamped to achieve stable walls free of voids.
BL103.6.4 Spray-applied.
Spray-applied hemp-lime infill shall be installed in accordance with Sections BL103.6.4.1 through BL103.6.4.4.
BL103.6.4.3 Installation.
Hemp-lime shall be sprayed from the base up and per the spray equipment manufacturer’s and/or binder manufacturer’s instructions.
BL103.6.4.4 Screeding.
Excess hemp-lime shall be removed by screeding per the spray equipment manufacturer’s and/or binder manufacturer’s instructions.
BL103.6.5 Precast blocks.
Precast hemp-lime blocks shall be cast and installed in accordance with Sections BL103.6.5.1 through BL103.6.5.5 or per manufacturer’s specifications.
BL103.6.5.3 Mortar.
Mortar shall consist of lime and sand or other aggregate with a ratio of not less than 1:1 and not greater than 1:3, or other approved mortar. The lime shall be hydrated Type N or S, or hydraulic lime.
BL103.6.5.4 Installation.
Hemp-lime blocks shall be installed in a running bond between and around wall framing members. Mortar shall fill all voids between blocks and shall be not less than 1/8 inch (3 mm) thick. Spaces between blocks and framing shall be not more than 3/4 inch (19 mm) and shall be filled with mortar.
BL103.6.5.5 Hemp-lime block veneer.
Hemp-lime block veneer shall not exceed 50 psf (244 kg/m2) of veneer only unit wall weight , shall be limited to 5-inch (127 mm) thickness, and shall be anchored to the supporting wall studs in accordance with Section R703.8.4 or secured with approved ties and fasteners to an approved backing. Metal ties and fasteners shall be protected in accordance with Section BL103.4.
BL103.6.6 Hemp-lime panels.
Hemp-lime panels shall require an approved design by a registered design professional.
BL103.6.7 Lined application.
Interior and exterior hemp-lime lined applications shall be installed in accordance with Sections BL103.6.7.1 through BL103.6.7.6 and Sections BL103.6.3 through BL103.6.6, as applicable.
BL103.6.7.1 General.
Prior to installation, the concrete or masonry walls receiving the installation shall be clean and free of loose mortar. Lined installations on basement walls shall require an approved design by a registered design professional. Exterior applications shall be in accordance with Section BL103.7.6. Attachment of precast blocks to the receiving wall shall be in accordance with Section BL103.6.5.5. Attachment of hemp-lime panels to the receiving wall shall be in accordance with Section BL103.6.6.
BL103.6.7.3 Thin lining.
Thin linings are from 3 inches to 4 3/4 inches (76 mm to 121 mm) thick. Hand troweled hemp-lime shall be installed over a bonding coat .
BL103.6.7.4 Medium lining.
Medium linings exceed 4 3/4 inches (121 mm) and are not greater than 6 1/2 inches (165 mm) thick. For hand-cast or spray-applied, 1 1/2-inch by 1 1/2-inch (38 mm × 38 mm) dovetail-shaped vertical anchorage rails shall be attached with the narrowest face to the receiving wall, spaced not less than 20 inches (508 mm) and not greater than 32 inches (813 mm), with fasteners not less than 2 feet (610 mm) and not greater than 3 feet (914 mm) apart. Hand-cast medium linings shall be installed over a bonding coat on the receiving wall. See Figure BL103.6.7.4.
BL103.6.7.5 Thick lining.
Thick linings exceed 6 1/2 inches (165 mm) and shall not be greater than 8 inches (203 mm) thick or per the binder manufacturer’s specifications. For hand-cast or spray-applied, 1 1/2-inch by 2 1/2-inch (38 mm × 64 mm) vertical anchorage rails shall be attached with the 2 1/2-inch (64 mm) face parallel to the receiving wall and spaced not less than 20 inches (508 mm) and not greater than 32 inches (813 mm). The anchorage rails shall be fastened to and separated from the receiving wall with 2-inch (51 mm) spacers not less than 3 feet (914 mm) and not greater than 4 feet (1219 mm) apart. Hand-cast thick linings shall be installed over a bonding coat on the receiving wall. See Figure BL103.6.7.5.
BL103.6.7.6 Minimum thickness at anchorage rails.
The minimum thickness of hemp-lime between the exterior face of vertical anchorage rails and the finished face of hemp-lime shall be 3 inches (76 mm) or in accordance with the binder manufacturer’s specifications.
BL103.7 Moisture control.
Hemp-lime assemblies shall be protected from water intrusion and damage in accordance with Sections BL103.7.1 through BL103.7.9.
BL103.7.1 Water-resistive barriers.
Water-resistive barriers are prohibited on hemp-lime walls, except as permitted or required elsewhere in this appendix.
BL103.7.2 Vapor retarders.
Vapor retarders are prohibited on hemp-lime walls, except as permitted or required elsewhere in this appendix.
BL103.7.4 Horizontal surfaces.
Hemp-lime walls and other hemp-lime assemblies shall be provided with a water-resistive barrier at weather-exposed horizontal surfaces. The water-resistive barrier shall be of a material and installation that will prevent water from entering the wall system. Horizontal surfaces shall include exterior window sills and sills at exterior niches. Horizontal surfaces shall be sloped not less than 1 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8 percent slope) and shall drain away from hemp-lime walls and other assemblies. Where the water-resistive barrier is below the finish material, it shall be sloped not less than 1 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8 percent slope) and shall drain to the exterior surface of the hemp-lime wall’s vertical finish.
BL103.7.6 Separation of hemp-lime and earth or paved areas.
Hemp-lime shall be not less than 8 inches (203 mm) above exposed earth or paved areas.
BL103.7.7 Separation of exterior plaster and earth or paved areas.
Exterior plaster applied to hemp-lime shall be not less than 8 inches (203 mm) above exposed earth or paved areas.
BL103.7.8 Separation of hemp-lime and exterior plaster from foundation.
Hemp-lime and exterior plaster shall be separated from the foundation with an approved moisture barrier.
BL103.7.9 Base of wall flashing.
The outer face of exterior walls shall be flashed to prevent water intrusion at the base of the wall.
Section BL104 Finishes
BL104.2 Moisture content prior to application of finish.
Hemp-lime infill shall have an average moisture content of no more than 20 percent at a depth of 1 1/2 inches (38 mm), as measured from the face of the wall to which the finish will be applied for each wall. Moisture content shall be measured with a probe-style wood moisture equivalent (WME) meter.
BL104.3 Plaster finish.
Exterior plaster shall be lime plaster, clay plaster in accordance with Section BL104.3.6.3, or other approved plaster. Interior plasters shall be any plaster permitted in Sections BL104.3.1 through BL104.3.9. Plasters shall be permitted to be applied directly to the surface of the hemp-lime infill without reinforcement, except that the juncture of dissimilar substrates shall be in accordance with Section BL104.5. Plasters shall have a thickness of not less than 1/2 inch (13 mm) on the interior and 3/4 inch (19 mm) on the exterior and shall be installed in not less than two coats, or per binder manufacturer’s instructions. Not less than 3/8 inch (10 mm) exterior plaster is permitted behind exterior cladding in accordance with Section BL104.6.
BL104.3.1 Membranes.
Membranes are prohibited between plaster and hemp-lime , except where a membrane is allowed or required elsewhere in this appendix.
BL104.3.3 Plaster additives.
Additives shall be permitted to increase plaster workability, durability, strength or water resistance. Additives shall not reduce the plaster vapor permeance rating to less than 5 perms [285 mg/(s × m2× Pa)]. Additives containing polymers are prohibited.
BL104.3.4 Plaster reinforcing fibers.
Reinforcing fibers shall be permitted in plaster. Acceptable reinforcing fibers include hemp fiber, chopped straw, sisal, animal hair and fiberglass.
BL104.3.5 Lime plaster.
Lime plaster is any plaster with a binder primarily composed of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2], including Type N or S hydrated lime, hydraulic lime, natural hydraulic lime or slaked quicklime. Hydrated lime shall comply with ASTM C206. Hydraulic lime shall comply with ASTM C1707. Natural hydraulic lime shall comply with ASTM C141 and CEN EN 459. Quicklime shall comply with ASTM C5. Lime plaster shall contain sufficient lime to fully bind the sand or other aggregate and shall be permitted to contain pozzolans.
BL104.3.6 Clay plaster.
Clay plaster shall be any plaster having a clay or clay subsoil binder . Such plaster shall contain sufficient clay to fully bind the sand or other aggregate.
BL104.3.6.1 Clay subsoil requirements.
The suitability of clay subsoil shall be determined in accordance with Figure 2, Ribbon Test, and Figure 3, Ball Test, in the appendix of ASTM E2392/E2392M.
BL104.3.6.2 Thickness and coats.
Clay plaster shall be not less than 3/4 inch (19 mm) thick and shall be applied in not less than two coats.
BL104.3.6.3 Rain-exposed.
Clay plaster, where exposed to rain, shall be finished with an approved erosion-resistant finish.
BL104.3.6.4 Prohibited finish coat.
Plaster containing Portland cement shall not be permitted as a finish coat over clay plasters.
BL104.3.7 Clay-lime plaster.
Clay-lime plaster shall be composed of refined clay or clay subsoil, sand and lime.
BL104.3.8 Hemp-lime plaster.
Hemp-lime plaster shall be composed of hemp hurd and lime and shall be permitted to contain sand or other aggregate, and pozzolans.
BL104.3.9 Hemp-clay plaster.
Hemp-clay plaster shall be composed of hemp hurd and clay or clay subsoil and shall be permitted to contain sand or other aggregate.
BL104.4 Separation of wood and plaster.
Wood framing at the exterior surface of hemp-lime walls shall be separated from exterior plaster with Grade D paper or other approved material, except where the wood is naturally durable.
Exception: Exterior clay plaster shall not be required to be separated from wood.
BL104.5 Bridging across dissimilar substrates.
Bridging shall be installed onto and across dissimilar substrates prior to the application of plaster on the interior or exterior. Acceptable bridging materials include expanded metal lath, woven wire mesh, welded wire mesh, fiberglass mesh, reed mat, burlap or other approved materials. Bridging shall extend not less than 3 inches (76 mm) on both sides of the juncture.
BL104.5.1 Returns on recessed openings.
Plaster or other exterior finish returns at recessed windows and doors shall require an approved design that prevents the intrusion of moisture.
BL104.6 Nonplaster exterior cladding.
Nonplaster exterior cladding shall be spaced not less than 1 inch (25 mm) from the face of the water-resistive barrier or air barrier to the back of the cladding to allow for ventilation. The ventilation space shall be open at the top and bottom and be provided with insect screening.
BL104.7 High moisture interior environments.
Exterior hemp-lime walls enclosing showers or steam rooms shall be lined on the interior side with ceramic tiles on an approved tile backer board, ceramic tiles on a lime plaster, or a tadelakt finish.
Section BL105 Fire Resistance
BL105.1 Fire-resistance rating.
Hemp-lime walls do not have a fire-resistance rating. Fire-resistance ratings for hemp-lime wall assemblies shall be determined by testing in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL 263.
BL105.2 Clearance to fireplaces and chimneys.
Hemp-lime surfaces adjacent to fireplaces or chimneys shall be finished with not less than ⅜ inch (10 mm) thick plaster of any type permitted by this appendix. Clearance from the face of such plaster to fireplaces and chimneys shall be maintained as required from fireplaces and chimneys to combustibles in Chapter 10, or as required by manufacturer’s instructions, whichever is more restrictive.
Section BL106 Thermal Performance
BL106.1 Mass walls.
Walls with hemp-lime infill shall be classified as mass walls in accordance with Section N1102.2.5 (R402.2.5) and shall meet the R-value requirements for mass walls in Table N1102.1.3 (R402.1.3), when their heat capacity (C) is greater than or equal to 6 Btu/ft2× °F (123 kJ/m2× K) in Equation BL-1.
where:
Heat capacity (Btu/ft2× °F).
Density of hemp-lime infill (pounds per cubic foot).
Thickness of hemp-lime infill (feet).
BL106.2 Thermal resistance.
Hemp-lime has the unit thermal resistance values in accordance with Table BL106.2. Alternatively, the unit R-value of hemp-lime shall be determined with one of the following tests by an approved laboratory: ASTM C177 ASTM C518, ASTM C1114 or ASTM C1363. Test results from a specific hemp-lime mix shall be permitted to be used for multiple projects.
DENSITY (pounds per cubic foot) | R-VALUE (ft2× °F × h/Btu per inch of thickness) |
12.5 | R-2.10 |
15 | R-1.86 |
20 | R-1.54 |
25 | R-1.20 |
For SI: 1 pound per cubic foot = 1.6 kg/m3.
- a.
Linear interpolation is permitted. Extrapolation is not permitted.
BL106.3 Density measurement.
Hemp-lime density shall be measured based on approved test samples as follows:
- 1.
Three samples of the proposed hemp-lime mix shall be placed moist to completely fill a 6-inch by 6-inch by 12-inch (152 mm × 152 mm × 305 mm) form, a 6-inch (152 mm) diameter by 12-inch (305 mm) length form or other approved form, following the application method and procedure that will be used during construction.
- 2.
Samples shall be removed from the forms within 24 hours after hemp-lime placement or per the binder manufacturer’s specifications.
- 3.
Samples shall be cured/dried for a minimum of 14 days in indoor ambient conditions before density determination.
- 4.
Section BL107 Mechanical Performance
BL107.1 Hemp-lime infill integrity.
The integrity of hemp-lime infill and its ability to hold a plaster finish shall be demonstrated with a minimum compressive strength of 29 psi (0.2 MPa). Test results from a specific hemp-lime mix shall be permitted to be used for multiple projects.
BL107.1.1 Demonstration of compressive strength.
The compressive strength of the hemp-lime mix shall be demonstrated to the building official before the placement of hemp-lime infill, with compressive strength tests and an associated report by an approved laboratory tested as follows:
- 1.
Three samples of the proposed hemp-lime mix shall be placed moist to completely fill a 6-inch by 6-inch by 12-inch (152 mm × 152 mm × 305 mm) form, a 6-inch (152mm) diameter by 12-inch (305 mm) length form, or other approved form, following the application method and procedure that will be used during construction.
- 2.
Samples shall be removed from the forms within 24 hours after hemp-lime placement or per the binder manufacturer’s specifications.
- 3.
Samples shall be cured/dried for a minimum of 14 days in indoor ambient conditions before testing.
- 4.
The opposite faces shall be capped with plaster of paris to achieve smooth and parallel faces, after which the sample shall reach ambient moisture conditions before testing.
- 5.
The horizontal cross section of the dried sample as tested and the maximum applied load at failure shall be used to calculate the sample’s compressive strength.
- 6.
The average value of the samples shall be used to determine the mix’s compressive strength.
Section BL108 Referenced Standards
BL108.1 General.
See Table BL108.1 for standards that are referenced in various sections of this appendix. Standards are listed by the standard identification with the effective date, the standard title and the section or sections of this appendix that reference this standard.
STANDARD ACRONYM | STANDARD NAME | SECTIONS HEREIN REFERENCED |
ASTM C5—10 | Standard Specification for Quicklime for Structural Purposes | |
ASTM C141/C141M—14 | Standard Specification for Hydrated Hydraulic Lime for Structural Purposes | |
ASTM C177—19 | Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal | |
ASTM C206—14 | Standard Specification for Finishing Hydrated Lime | |
ASTM C518—21 | Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus | |
ASTM C1114—06(2019) | Standard Test Method for Steady-State | |
ASTM C1363—19 | Standard Test Method for Thermal Performance of | |
ASTM C1707—11 | Standard Specification for Pozzolanic Hydraulic Lime for Structural Purposes | |
ASTM E84—21a | Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials | |
ASTM E96/E96M—21 | Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials | |
ASTM E119—20 | Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials | |
ASTM E2392/E2392M—10(2016) | Standard Guide for Design of Earthen Wall Building Systems | |
CEN EN 459—2015 | Building Lime—Part 1: Definitions, | |
UL 263—2011 | Fire Test of Building Construction and |