What are Georgia's insurance claim laws? Real deadlines, a real penalty, and two traps.

The 15-day clocks, the 50% bad-faith penalty, and the one-year trap — quoted in full and linked to the official sources. Licensed in all 159 Georgia counties, GA #2963367.

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The short answer: Georgia gives your claim real deadlines and real teeth. The insurer must acknowledge your claim within 15 days, decide it within 15 days of your completed proof of loss (capped at 60 days), and pay within 10 days once the amount is set. Bad-faith refusal risks a penalty of up to 50% of the loss or $5,000 plus attorney's fees. Public adjuster fees are capped at 33⅓%. Roofers may not negotiate claims. One trap: your deadline to sue can be as short as one year.

15 daysto acknowledge your claim
Reg. 120-2-52-.03
50% / $5,000bad-faith penalty + attorney's fees
O.C.G.A. § 33-4-6
33⅓%public adjuster fee cap
O.C.G.A. § 33-23-43.3
1 yearyour suit deadline may be this short
White v. State Farm

Georgia claim law in one pass

Georgia's rules for property insurance claims live in three places: a claim-handling regulation with hard calendar deadlines, a set of statutes that police insurer conduct, and a licensing chapter that controls who is allowed to represent you and what they can charge.

The deadlines. Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. 120-2-52-.03 requires the insurer to acknowledge your claim within 15 days of notice and to send proof-of-loss forms within 15 days. Once you return a completed proof of loss, the carrier has 15 days to affirm or deny liability — extendable only with written explanations, and capped at 60 days total unless documented information is genuinely missing. Once coverage is confirmed and the undisputed amount is determined, payment is due within 10 days. And if the carrier denies, the same regulation requires the denial to reference the specific policy provision, condition, or exclusion it relies on. A denial that just says "not covered" is deficient on its face.

The conduct rules. O.C.G.A. § 33-6-34 lists 16 prohibited unfair claims settlement practices — misrepresenting policy provisions, failing to investigate reasonably, lowballing to force lawsuits, and the rest. And when a refusal to pay crosses from wrong into unreasonable, O.C.G.A. § 33-4-6 puts a number on it: after a proper demand, an insurer that fails to pay within 60 days and is found to have acted in bad faith owes the loss plus up to 50 percent of it or $5,000, whichever is greater, plus reasonable attorney's fees. Paying late doesn't cure it. Straight talk: the bad-faith action itself is a lawsuit, filed by a policyholder attorney — a public adjuster's job is building the record that wins it.

Who may represent you. Adjusting or negotiating another person's claim in Georgia requires a public adjuster license (O.C.G.A. §§ 33-23-43, 33-23-43.1). The contract is regulated — required terms, prohibited terms, and a three-business-day right to rescind (§ 33-23-43.2) — and the fee is capped at 33⅓ percent of the settlement (§ 33-23-43.3). When the dispute is only about the size of the number, Georgia policies also carry an appraisal clause, and Georgia courts treat the amount of loss as exactly what appraisal is for — our appraisal guide walks through invoking it.

Georgia claim-law guides

Each guide below answers one question in depth, with the statute quoted and linked in full:

The two Georgia rules that surprise people

The suit-deadline trap. Most policyholders assume they have years to sort a claim out. In White v. State Farm (2012), the Supreme Court of Georgia held that the two-year minimum from Georgia's Standard Fire Policy protects only the fire portion of a homeowners policy. For wind, hail, theft, and everything else, the deadline is whatever your policy's "Suit Against Us" clause says — and one-year clauses are common and enforced as written.

Negotiating with the insurer does not pause the clock. A carrier can string a dispute along past your suit deadline and then be legally untouchable. Read the clause the day a claim goes sideways, calendar the date, and work backward from it.

The roofer restriction. The person offering to "handle the insurance" after a storm is usually a roofing contractor — and in Georgia, roofers legally cannot adjust or negotiate your claim (O.C.G.A. § 10-1-393.12). The same statute gives you five business days after a denial notice to cancel a roofer's contract that is contingent on insurance proceeds. If your roof claim has already been denied, our step-by-step guide to fighting a denied Georgia roof claim covers the full sequence.

How Georgia compares

We hold public adjuster licenses in Georgia, Tennessee, and South Carolina, and the differences matter when your property sits near a state line — or when you're deciding how seriously to take a carrier's stalling:

RuleGeorgiaTennessee
Claim-handling deadlinesFixed by regulation: 15-day acknowledgment, 60-day decision cap, 10-day paymentNo fixed calendar — the standard is reasonably prompt handling
Bad-faith penaltyUp to 50% of the loss or $5,000, whichever is greater, plus attorney's fees, after a 60-day demandUp to 25%, after a 60-day demand
Public adjuster fee cap33⅓% of the settlement15% before the insurer's offer; 25% of the increase after

Georgia's calendar deadlines are its strength: a carrier that blows the 15-day or 60-day marks has handed you documented regulatory violations. Tennessee counters with tighter, more consumer-friendly fee caps and its own 25 percent bad-faith penalty — the full picture is on our Tennessee claim law hub. South Carolina, where we also practice, draws its own hard line: a contractor acting as a public adjuster on the same claim is a felony (S.C. Code ch. 38-48).

The Georgia decisions that decide these fights

Statutes set the rules; courts say what they mean. Every decision below is published here in the court's own words — the complete opinion, not a summary — with plain-English notes underneath. All 46 are free to read, and the whole shelf is searchable in the case law library.

2024 · Appraisal · Post-loss duties Cudd v. State Farm Suing First Doesn't Breach the Policy: Appraisal Is Enforceable, but It Isn't a Toll Gate to the Courthouse Read the decision → 2021 · Appraisal Omni Health Solutions v. Zurich The Panel Sets the Amount of Loss, and the Suit Clock Stops While the Appraisal Runs Read the decision → 2019 · Bad faith Villa Sonoma v. CIBA A Bad-Faith Demand Sent While the Adjustment Is Still Running Is Not a Demand, but Claims About How the Insurance Was Sold Survive Read the decision → 2018 · Bad faith Thompson v. Homesite A Complaint to the Insurance Commissioner Is Not a Bad-Faith Demand, and § 33-4-6 Is the Only Door to Attorney Fees Read the decision → 2017 · Appraisal Clary v. Allstate The Appraisers Priced Every Repair Needed to Put the House Back, Mold Remediation Included Read the decision → 2016 · Post-loss duties R&G Investments v. American Family A Building Under Renovation Is Not 'Vacant,' but the Cooperation and Examination-Under-Oath Clauses Keep Their Teeth Read the decision → 2014 · Exclusions & coverage American Strategic v. Helm When an Exclusion Can Honestly Be Read Two Ways, Georgia Reads It Against the Insurer That Wrote It Read the decision → 2014 · Bad faith Henderson v. Georgia Farm Bureau A Mold Sublimit Does Not Swallow the Water Claim Underneath It Read the decision → 2014 · Appraisal Lam v. Allstate The Four-Shingle Case Carriers Stretch: a 4–3 Pleading-Stage Decision, Not a Carrier Veto Over Appraisal Read the decision → 2013 · Exclusions & coverage Georgia Farm Bureau v. Croft A Code-Upgrade Claim Lives or Dies on Three Exhibits: the Ordinance, the Pre-Loss Market Value, and a Repair Cost That Has Actually Been Fixed Read the decision → 2013 · Valuation & depreciation Georgia Farm Bureau v. Franks Once You Have an Insurable Interest, the Policy Decides What You Collect: Joint Ownership Does Not Cut a Total-Loss Payment in Half Read the decision → 2012 · Appraisal Bell v. Liberty Mutual The Covered Item Is the Building, So the Appraisers Could Price the House as One Item Read the decision → 2012 · Valuation & depreciation Royal Capital v. Maryland Casualty Repaired Isn't Made Whole: Georgia's Supreme Court Says Buildings Can Recover Diminished Value on Top of Repairs Read the decision → 2012 · Suit deadlines White v. State Farm Georgia's Suit-Deadline Trap: the Standard Fire Policy's 2-Year Floor Protects Only the Fire Half of Your Policy Read the decision → 2008 · Suit deadlines Allstate v. Sutton The One-Year Suit Clause Survives the Negotiation: Once the Carrier Reserves Its Rights in Writing, Talking Does Not Stop Your Clock Read the decision → 2008 · Exclusions & coverage Nationwide v. Kim Exclusions Are the Carrier's Burden: Strictly Construed, and an Exclusion the Policy Never Wrote Doesn't Exist Read the decision → 2006 · Appraisal McGowan v. Progressive Georgia's Appraisal Rule: the Panel Decides Value, the Courts Decide Liability, and an Appraisal Payment Moots Nothing Else Read the decision → 2006 · Exclusions & coverage Varsalona v. Auto-Owners Buy the House, Buy the Policy, Never Move In: Georgia Enforces the "Residence Premises" Requirement and the Slab-Collapse Claim Dies Before Anyone Looks at the Slab Read the decision → 2004 · Bad faith Selective Way v. Litigation Technology Rainwater That Pools in a Pit and Runs Through a Pipe Is No Longer "Surface Water," and Denying on That Ground Can Be Bad Faith Read the decision → 2003 · Exclusions & coverage AFLAC v. Chubb & Son Where Georgia's Definition of 'Direct Physical Loss or Damage' Comes From, and Why Storm Damage Meets It Read the decision → 2003 · Post-loss duties Evans v. Ohio Casualty Ending an Examination Under Oath Can Be Survivable in Georgia; Never Sending the Sworn Proof of Loss Was Not Read the decision → 2002 · Waiver & estoppel Auto-Owners v. Ogden The Company Can Waive Its Own Suit Deadline by Admitting Liability and Promising to Pay; an Adjuster Cannot Revive It After the Clock Runs Out Read the decision → 2001 · Post-loss duties Gilbert v. Southern Trust Georgia Reads Policy Conditions to Avoid Forfeitures, and "Small Circumstances" Are Enough to Show the Insurer Waived One Read the decision → 2001 · Valuation & depreciation State Farm v. Mabry Value, Not Condition: Georgia Makes the Insurer Assess Diminished Value Without Being Asked Read the decision → 2001 · Causation York v. Williams Seafood A Flood Exclusion Carrying Anti-Concurrent Language Did Not Reach the Policy's Separate Sinkhole-Collapse Coverage Read the decision → 1999 · Assignment of benefits Williams v. Mayflower A Liability-Assignment Standing Case, Not a Bar on Assigning Post-Loss Property Benefits in Georgia Read the decision → 1998 · Post-loss duties Cotton States v. Walker A Late Proof of Loss Forfeits Nothing in Georgia Unless the Policy Says So in Express Words, and an Adjuster Who Says 'Take Your Time' Can Put Waiver in Front of a Jury Read the decision → 1998 · Valuation & depreciation Marchman v. Grange Georgia Enforces "Actual Cash Value Until the Repair Is Complete" Literally, and the Valued Policy Statute Will Not Rescue an Unbuilt House Read the decision → 1996 · Valuation & depreciation Nationwide v. Wiley A Homeowner Can Testify to What Her Own House Was Worth, and a Flat Refusal to Pay Waives the Proof-of-Loss Fight Read the decision → 1995 · Bad faith Primerica v. Humfleet The 60-Day Demand Is a Timing Trap: It Only Counts When Payment Is Actually Due Read the decision → 1994 · Exclusions & coverage Hill v. Nationwide An Empty House Is Still a Covered House: Georgia Will Not Read an Occupancy Condition Into a Policy That Does Not Contain One Read the decision → 1992 · Post-loss duties Diamonds & Denims v. First of Georgia Partial Cooperation, or an Explanation for Why You Cannot Produce Something, Makes Post-Loss Compliance a Jury Question Read the decision → 1990 · Assignment of benefits Santiago v. Safeway Once the Loss Has Happened, the Claim Is Yours to Assign: Consent Clauses Don't Reach Post-Loss Benefits Read the decision → 1989 · Valuation & depreciation Georgia Farm Bureau v. Brown 'Wholly Destroyed' Does Not Mean Burned to Ash: a Jury May Find a Total Fire Loss From Repair-Versus-Replace Cost and the Carrier's Own Photographs Read the decision → 1986 · Exclusions & coverage Nationwide v. Tomlin In Georgia, an Undefined "Collapse" Happens When Structural Integrity Is Seriously Impaired, Long Before the House Falls Down Read the decision → 1985 · Valuation & depreciation Allstate v. Baugh When the House Is Paid Off, the Entire Rent Is Additional Living Expense, and You Recover Only the Months You Actually Incurred Read the decision → 1985 · Valuation & depreciation Braner v. Southern Trust What You Paid and Roughly When You Bought It: Georgia's Supreme Court Relaxes the Proof Rule for Contents Burned in a Fire Read the decision → 1985 · Valuation & depreciation BSF v. Cason After a Denial You Get the Actual Cash Value Now and a Fresh Window to Replace, but the Denial Does Not Excuse You From Replacing Read the decision → 1985 · Post-loss duties Halcome v. Cincinnati Insurance Refusing to Answer Material Questions at an Examination Under Oath Breaks the Policy; the Court Decided Only the Income Questions Read the decision → 1978 · Exclusions & coverage Georgia Farm Bureau v. Washington A Neighborhood Bakery Is Not an 'Industrial Operation': Smoke Language Gets a Layman's Reading, Not an Underwriter's Read the decision → 1972 · Bad faith Hanover v. Hallford The $210 Roof Offer That Cost the Carrier a Bad-Faith Penalty: No Magic Words Needed to Demand Payment Read the decision → 1965 · Valuation & depreciation American Casualty v. Parks-Chambers Actual Cash Value Means Fair Market Value at the Time of Loss: a 1965 Pleading Ruling That What You Paid Is Not the Ceiling Read the decision → 1961 · Valuation & depreciation General Accident v. Azar Cost Is a Floor Under Actual Cash Value, and a Flat Refusal to Pay Waives the Proof of Loss You Already Filed Read the decision → 1961 · Valuation & depreciation National Fire v. Banister Your Policy Limit Is Not Your Loss: Georgia Makes You State the Amount, and Measures It by Fair Market Value at the Time of Loss Read the decision → 1957 · Appraisal · Suit deadlines Peeples v. Western Fire Agreeing to an Appraisal Stops the Policy's Suit-Deadline Clock While the Appraisal Is Pending Read the decision → 1905 · Assignment of benefits Ga. Co-operative Fire Ass'n v. Borchardt After the Loss, the Claim Is Yours: Georgia's 1905 Rule That Post-Loss Assignments Don't Need the Carrier's Consent Read the decision →

Questions Georgia policyholders ask us

How long does an insurance company have to settle a claim in Georgia?

Georgia regulation 120-2-52-.03 sets the clock: the insurer must acknowledge your claim within 15 days of notice and supply proof-of-loss forms within 15 days. Once you return a completed proof of loss, it must affirm or deny liability within 15 days — extendable only with written explanations, and capped at 60 days total unless documented information is still missing. After coverage is confirmed and the undisputed amount is determined, payment is due within 10 days.

What is the penalty for insurance bad faith in Georgia?

Under O.C.G.A. § 33-4-6, an insurer that refuses in bad faith to pay a covered loss within 60 days of a proper demand owes the loss plus a penalty of up to 50 percent of the loss or $5,000, whichever is greater, plus reasonable attorney's fees — and paying late does not erase the exposure. The bad-faith action itself is a lawsuit, which is attorney work; a public adjuster's role is building the documented record that proves the refusal was unreasonable.

How much can a public adjuster charge in Georgia?

Georgia caps public adjuster fees at 33 1/3 percent of the settlement under O.C.G.A. § 33-23-43.3. The contract itself is regulated too — O.C.G.A. § 33-23-43.2 imposes required and prohibited terms and gives you three business days to rescind. Friedman & Associates works on contingency within the cap: no recovery, no fee.

Can my roofing contractor negotiate my insurance claim in Georgia?

No. O.C.G.A. § 33-23-43 makes it unlawful to adjust or negotiate someone else's claim without a public adjuster license, and O.C.G.A. § 10-1-393.12 specifically bars residential roofing contractors from doing it. If you signed a roofer's contract contingent on insurance proceeds, that statute also gives you five business days after a denial notice to cancel it in writing.

How long do I have to sue my insurance company in Georgia?

Check your policy's own deadline today. In White v. State Farm (2012), the Supreme Court of Georgia held that the two-year statutory minimum protects only the fire portion of a homeowners policy — for wind, hail, theft, and other perils, courts enforce the policy's own suit-limitation clause as written, and one-year clauses are common. Negotiating with the insurer does not pause that clock.

Do I have to accept my insurance company's estimate in Georgia?

No. When coverage is admitted and the dispute is about how much the loss is worth, your policy's appraisal clause lets you force a binding valuation by independent appraisers. Georgia's Supreme Court treats the amount of loss as squarely appraisable (McGowan v. Progressive, 2006); only true coverage disputes stay with the courts. Frame the demand as the total amount of the admitted loss — carriers stretch a narrow 4–3 case (Lam v. Allstate, 2014) to resist appraisal whenever the fight is over how far the damage extends, and framing defeats the maneuver.

Written by Joshua Friedman, founder & lead public adjuster, Friedman & Associates Public Adjusters — licensed in Georgia, Tennessee, and South Carolina. This page is general information, not legal advice; statutes are quoted from and linked to the official sources in our Reading Room.

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