Chapter 4 Fixtures, Faucets and Fixture Fittings
Section 401 General
401.1 Scope.
This chapter shall govern the materials, design and installation of plumbing fixtures, faucets and fixture fittings in accordance with the type of occupancy, and shall provide for the minimum number of fixtures for various types of occupancies.
401.2 Prohibited fixtures and connections.
Water closets having a concealed trap seal or an unventilated space or having walls that are not thoroughly washed at each discharge in accordance with ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 shall be prohibited. Any water closet that permits siphonage of the contents of the bowl back into the tank shall be prohibited. Trough urinals shall be prohibited.
401.4 Prohibited locations.
No floor drains or other plumbing fixtures except electric water heaters shall be installed in a room containing air handling machinery when such room is used as a plenum.
Exception: Deep-seal trap floor drains consisting of a minimum 4-inch (102 mm) seal and supplied with a trap primer connected to a water distribution pipe shall be permitted.
Section 402 Fixture Materials
402.1 Quality of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be constructed of approved materials, with smooth, impervious surfaces, free from defects and concealed fouling surfaces, and shall conform to standards cited in this code. Porcelain enameled surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant.
402.2 Materials for specialty fixtures.
Materials for specialty fixtures not otherwise covered in this code shall be of stainless steel, soapstone, chemical stoneware or plastic, or shall be lined with lead, copper-base alloy, nickel-copper alloy, corrosion-resistant steel or other material especially suited to the application for which the fixture is intended.
402.4 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead for pans shall not weigh less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m2) and shall be coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating.
Section 403 Minimum Plumbing Facilities
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided in the minimum number as shown in Table 403.1, based on the actual use of the building or space. Uses not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually by the code official. The number of occupants shall be determined by the International Building Code.
NO. | CLASSIFICATION | DESCRIPTION | LAVATORIES | BATHTUBS/ SHOWERS | OTHER | |||||
MALE | FEMALE | MALE | FEMALE | |||||||
1 | Assembly | Theaters and other buildings for the performing arts and motion picturesd | 1 per 125 | 1 per 65 | 1 per 200 | — | 1 per 500 | |||
Nightclubs, bars, taverns, dance halls and buildings for similar purposesd | 1 per 40 | 1 per 40 | 1 per 75 | — | 1 per 500 | |||||
Restaurants, banquet halls and food courtsd | 1 per 75 | 1 per 75 | 1 per 200 | — | 1 per 500 | |||||
Casino gaming areas | 1 per 100 for the first 400 and 1 per 250 for the remainder exceeding 400 | 1 per 50 for the first 400 and 1 per 150 for the remainder exceeding 400 | 1 per 250 for the first 750 and 1 per 500 for the remainder exceeding 750 | — | 1 per 1,000 | |||||
Auditoriums without permanent seating, art galleries, exhibition halls, museums, lecture halls, libraries, arcades and gymnasiumsd | 1 per 125 | 1 per 65 | 1 per 200 | — | 1 per 500 | |||||
Passenger terminals and transportation facilitiesd | 1 per 500 | 1 per 500 | 1 per 750 | — | 1 per 1,000 | |||||
Places of worship and other religious servicesd | 1 per 150 | 1 per 75 | 1 per 200 | — | 1 per 1,000 | |||||
Coliseums, arenas, skating rinks, pools and tennis courts for indoor sporting events and activitiesf | 1 per 75 for the first 1,500 and 1 per 120 for the remainder exceeding 1,500 | 1 per 40 for the first 1,520 and 1 per 60 for the remainder exceeding 1,520 | 1 per 200 | 1 per 150 | — | 1 per 1,000 | ||||
Stadiums, amusement parks, bleachers and grandstands for outdoor sporting events and activitiesf | 1 per 75 for the first 1,500 and 1 per 120 for the remainder exceeding 1,500 | 1 per 40 for the first 1,520 and 1 per 60 for the remainder exceeding 1,520 | 1 per 200 | 1 per 150 | — | 1 per 1,000 | ||||
2 | Business | Buildings for the transaction of business, nonmedical professional services, other services involving merchandise, office buildings, banks, light industrial and similar uses | 1 per 25 for the first 50 and 1 per 50 for the remainder exceeding 50 | 1 per 40 for the first 80 and 1 per 80 for the remainder exceeding 80 | — | 1 per 100 | ||||
Ambulatory care facilities and outpatient clinics | 1 per 25 for the first 50 and 1 per 50 for the remainder exceeding 50 | 1 per 25 for the first 50 and 1 per 50 for the remainder exceeding 50 | 1 per 50 | — | 1 per 100 | |||||
3 | Educational | Educational facilities | 1 per 50 | 1 per 50 | — | 1 per 100 | ||||
4 | Factory and industrial | Structures in which occupants are engaged in work fabricating, assembly or processing of products or materials | 1 per 100 | 1 per 100 | — | 1 per 400 | ||||
5 | Institutional | Alcohol and drug centersb | 1 per 10 care recipients | 1 per 10 care recipients | 1 per 8 care recipients | — | — | |||
Assisted living and residential board and care facilities with care recipients who receive custodial care | Sleeping units for care recipientc | 1 per 2 sleeping units | 1 per 2 sleeping units | 1 per 8 sleeping units | — | — | ||||
Dwelling units for care recipients | 1 per dwelling unit | 1 per dwelling unit | 1 per dwelling unit | — | 1 kitchen sink per dwelling unit | |||||
Employee facilities | 1 per 60 care recipient units | 1 per 60 care recipient units | — | 1 per 100 | ||||||
Visitor facilities | 1 per 75 care recipient units. | 1 per 75 care recipient units | — | — | — | |||||
Nursing homesb | Sleeping units for care recipientsc | 1 per 2 care recipient sleeping units | 1 per 2 care recipient sleeping units | 1 per 8 care recipient sleeping units | — | — | ||||
Employee facilities | 1 per 60 care recipient units | 1 per 60 care recipient sleeping units | — | 1 per 100 | ||||||
Visitor facilities | 1 per 75 care recipient units | 1 per 75 care recipient sleeping units | — | — | — | |||||
Hospitalsb | Sleeping units for care recipients | 1 per care recipient sleeping unit | 1 per care recipient sleeping unit | 1 per 100 care recipient sleeping units | — | — | ||||
Care recipient treatment areas | 1 per 25 care recipient treatment rooms | 1 per 50 care recipient treatment rooms | 1 per 100 care recipient sleeping units | 1 per 100 | — | |||||
Employee facilities | 1 per 25 care recipient sleeping units or treatment rooms | 1 per 35 care recipient sleeping units or treatment rooms | 1 per 50 care recipient sleeping units or treatments rooms | — | 1 per 100 | |||||
Visitor facilities | 1 per 75 care recipient sleeping units or treatment rooms | 1 per 100 care recipient sleeping units or treatment rooms | 1 per 50 care recipient sleeping units or treatment rooms | — | 1 per 500 | — | ||||
Employees in hospitals and nursing homesb | 1 per 25 | 1 per 35 | — | 1 per 100 | — | |||||
Visitors in hospitals and nursing homes | 1 per 75 | 1 per 100 | — | 1 per 500 | — | |||||
Prisonsb | 1 per cell | 1 per cell | 1 per 15 | 1 per 100 | ||||||
Reformatories, detention centers and correctional centersb | Cells | 1 per 15 | 1 per 15 | 1 per 15 | 1 per 100 | |||||
Congregate Living Facilities | 1 per 15 | 1 per 15 | 1 per 15 | 1 per 100 | ||||||
Employees | 1 per 25 | 1 per 35 | — | 1 per 100 | — | |||||
Adult day care and child day care | 1 per 15 | 1 per 15 | 1 | 1 per 100 | ||||||
6 | Mercantile | Retail stores, service stations, shops, salesrooms, markets and shopping centers | 1 per 500 | 1 per 750 | — | 1 per 1,000 | ||||
7 | Residential | Hotels, motels, boarding houses (transient) | 1 per dwelling or sleeping unit | 1 per dwelling or sleeping unit | 1 per dwelling or sleeping unit | — | ||||
Dormitories, fraternities, sororities and boarding houses (not transient) | 1 per 10 | 1 per 10 | 1 per 8 | 1 per 100 | ||||||
Apartment house | 1 per dwelling unit or sleeping unit | 1 per dwelling unit or sleeping unit | 1 per dwelling unit or sleeping unit | — | 1 kitchen sink per dwelling unit; 1 automatic clothes washer connection per 20 dwelling units. Detached single-family, duplex and multi-family dwelling structures three stories or less in height shall have not less than two exterior hose bibs, sill cocks or outside hydrants with one being located on the side or rear of the structure. | |||||
Congregate living facilities with 16 or fewer care recipients receiving custodial care | 1 per 10 | 1 per 10 | 1 per 8 | — | 1 kitchen sink | |||||
One- and two-family dwellings and lodging houses with five or fewer guestrooms | 1 per dwelling unit | 1 per dwelling unit | 1 per dwelling unit | — | 1 kitchen sink per dwelling unit; 1 automatic clothes washer connection per dwelling unit. Detached single-family, duplex and multi-family dwelling structures three stories or less in height shall have not less than two exterior hose bibs, sill cocks or outside hydrants with one being located on the side or rear of the structure | |||||
➡ | ||||||||||
8 | Storage | Structures for the storage of goods, warehouses, storehouse and freight depots. Low and Moderate Hazard. | 1 per 100 | 1 per 100 | — | 1 per 1,000 | ||||
- a.
- b.
Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or care recipients.
- c.
A single-user toilet facility with one water closet and one lavatory serving not more than two adjacent care recipient sleeping units shall be permitted provided that each patient sleeping unit has direct access to the toilet room and provision for privacy for the toilet room user is provided.
- d.
The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment areas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities required.
- e.
For business and mercantile classifications with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.
- f.
403.1.1 Fixture calculations.
To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total occupant load shall be divided in half. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 403.1. Fractional numbers resulting from applying the fixture ratios of Table 403.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to the next whole number.
Exception: The total occupant load shall not be required to be divided in half where approved statistical data indicate a distribution of the sexes of other than 50 percent of each sex.
➡
403.1.2 Fixtures in single-user toilet facilities and bathing rooms.
The plumbing fixtures located in single-user toilet facilities and single-user bathing rooms, including family or assisted-use toilet facilities and bathing rooms, shall contribute toward the total number of required plumbing fixtures for a building or tenant space. The number of fixtures in single-user toilet facilities, single-user bathing rooms and family or assisted-use toilet facilities shall be deducted proportionately from the required gender ratios of Table 403.1. Single-user toilet facilities and bathing rooms, and family or assisted-use toilet facilities and bathing rooms shall be identified as being available for use by all persons regardless of their sex.
The total number of fixtures shall be based on the required number of separate facilities or based on the aggregate of any combination of single-user or multiple-user facilities.
403.1.3 Lavatory distribution.
Where two or more toilet facilities are provided for each sex, the required number of lavatories shall be distributed proportionately to the required number of male and female designated water closets.
403.2 Separate facilities.
Where plumbing fixtures are required, separate toilet facilities shall be provided for each sex.
Exceptions:
- 1.
Separate toilet facilities shall not be required for dwelling units and sleeping units.
- 2.
Separate toilet facilities shall not be required in structures or tenant spaces with a total occupant load, including both employees and customers, of 15 or fewer.
- 3.
Separate toilet facilities shall not be required in mercantile occupancies in which the maximum occupant load is 100 or fewer.
- 4.
Separate toilet facilities shall not be required in business occupancies in which the maximum occupant load is 25 or fewer.
- 5.
➡
403.3 Employee and public toilet facilities.
For structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization, customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet facilities. Employees associated with structures and tenant spaces shall be provided with toilet facilities. The number of plumbing fixtures located within the required toilet facilities shall be provided in accordance with Section 403 for all users. Employee toilet facilities shall be either separate or combined employee and public toilet facilities.
Exception: Public toilet facilities shall not be required for:
- 1.
Parking garages operated without parking attendants.
- 2.
Structures and tenant spaces intended for quick transactions, including takeout, pickup and drop-off, having a public access area less than or equal to 300 square feet (28 m2).
403.3.1 Access.
The route to the public toilet facilities required by Section 403.3 shall not pass through kitchens, storage rooms or closets. Access to the required toilet facilities shall be from within the building or from the exterior of the building. The public shall have access to the required toilet facilities at all times that the building is occupied.
403.3.2 Prohibited location for toilet facilities.
Toilet facilities shall not open directly into a room used for the preparation of food for service to the public.
403.3.3 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls.
In occupancies other than covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 500 feet (152 m).
Exceptions:
- 1.
The location and maximum distances of travel to required employee facilities in factory and industrial occupancies shall be permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that the location and maximum distances of travel are approved.
- 2.
The location and maximum distances of travel to required public and employee facilities in Group S occupancies shall be permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that the location and maximum distances of travel are approved.
403.3.4 Location of toilet facilities in malls.
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In mall buildings, the required facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered mall building or within the perimeter line of an open mall building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store or in a central toilet area located in accordance with this section. The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall buildings shall be measured from the main entrance of any store or tenant space. In mall buildings, where employees’ toilet facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum distance of travel shall be measured from the employees’ work area of the store or tenant space.
403.3.5 Pay facilities.
Where pay toilet facilities are installed, such toilet facilities shall be in excess of the required minimum facilities. Required toilet facilities shall be free of charge.
[BE] 403.3.6 Door locking.
Where a toilet facility is provided for the use of multiple occupants, the egress door for the room shall not be lockable from the inside of the room. This section does not apply to family or assisted-use toilet facilities.
Exception:The egress door of a multiple-occupant toilet room shall be permitted to be lockable from inside the room where all the following criteria are met:
- 1.
The egress door shall be lockable from the inside of the room only by authorized personnel by the use of a key or other approved means.
- 2.
- 3.
The egress door shall be capable of being unlocked from outside the room with a key or other approved means.
403.4 Signage.
Required public toilet facilities shall be provided with signs that indicate whether the facility is to be used by males, by females, or by all persons regardless of sex. Signs shall be readily visible and located near the entrance to each toilet facility. Signs for accessible toilet facilities shall comply with Section 1111 of the International Building Code.
403.4.1 Directional signage.
Directional signage indicating the route to the required public toilet facilities shall be posted in a lobby, corridor, aisle or similar space, such that the sign can be readily seen from the main entrance to the building or tenant space.
403.5 Drinking fountain location.
Drinking fountains shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces provided that public drinking fountains are located within a distance of travel of 500 feet (152 m) of the most remote location in the tenant space and not more than one story above or below the tenant space. Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall, such distance shall not exceed 300 feet (91 m).
403.6 Service sink location.
Service sinks shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces in a covered mall provided that service sinks are located within a distance of travel of 300 feet (91 m) of the most remote location in the tenant space and not more than one story above or below the tenant space. Service sinks shall be located on an accessible route.
Section 404 Accessible Plumbing Facilities
Section 405 Installation of Fixtures
405.1 Water supply protection.
The supply lines and fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed so as to prevent backflow.
405.2 Access for cleaning.
Plumbing fixtures shall be installed so as to afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture and the area around the fixture.
405.3 Setting.
Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls.
405.3.1 Water closets, urinals, lavatories and bidets.
A water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set closer than 15 inches (381 mm) from its center to any side wall, partition, vanity or other obstruction. Where partitions or other obstructions do not separate adjacent water closets, urinals or bidets, the fixtures shall not be set closer than 30 inches (762 mm) center to center between adjacent fixtures or adjacent water closets, urinals, or bidets. There shall be not less than a 21-inch (533 mm) clearance in front of a water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet to any wall, fixture or door. Water closet compartments shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width and not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) in depth for floor-mounted water closets and not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width and 56 inches (1422 mm) in depth for wall-hung water closets.
Exception: An accessible children’s water closet shall be set not closer than 12 inches (305 mm) from its center to the required partition or to the wall on one side.
405.3.2 Public lavatories.
In employee and public toilet facilities, the required lavatory shall be located in the same room as the required water closet.
405.3.3 Location of fixtures and piping.
Piping, fixtures or equipment shall not be located in such a manner as to interfere with the normal operation of windows, doors or other means of egress openings.
405.3.4 Water closet compartment.
Each water closet utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate compartment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures to ensure privacy.
Exceptions:
- 1.
Water closet compartments shall not be required in a single-occupant toilet room with a lockable door.
- 2.
Toilet facilities located in child day care facilities and containing two or more water closets shall be permitted to have one water closet without an enclosing compartment.
- 3.
This provision is not applicable to toilet areas located within Group I-3 housing areas.
405.3.5 Urinal partitions.
Each urinal utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate area with walls or partitions to provide privacy. The horizontal dimension between walls or partitions at each urinal shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm). The walls or partitions shall begin at a height not greater than 12 inches (305 mm) from and extend not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the finished floor surface. The walls or partitions shall extend from the wall surface at each side of the urinal not less than 18 inches (457 mm) or to a point not less than 6 inches (152 mm) beyond the outermost front lip of the urinal measured from the finished backwall surface, whichever is greater.
Exceptions:
- 1.
Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single occupant or family/assisted-use toilet room with a lockable door.
- 2.
Toilet facilities located in child day care facilities and containing two or more urinals shall be permitted to have one urinal without partitions.
405.4 Floor and wall drainage connections.
Connections between the drain and floor outlet plumbing fixtures shall be made with a floor flange or a waste connector and sealing gasket. The waste connector and sealing gasket joint shall comply with the joint tightness test of ASME A112.4.3 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The flange shall be attached to the drain and anchored to the structure. Connections between the drain and wall-hung water closets shall be made with an approved extension nipple or horn adaptor. The water closet shall be bolted to the hanger with corrosion-resistant bolts or screws. Joints shall be sealed with an approved elastomeric gasket, flange-to-fixture connection complying with ASME A112.4.3 or an approved setting compound.
405.4.1 Floor flanges.
Floor flanges for water closets or similar fixtures shall be not less than 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) thick for copper alloy, 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick for plastic and 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) thick and not less than a 2-inch (51 mm) caulking depth for cast iron or galvanized malleable iron.
Floor flanges of hard lead shall weigh not less than 1 pound, 9 ounces (0.7 kg) and shall be composed of lead alloy with not less than 7.75 percent antimony by weight. Closet screws and bolts shall be of copper alloy. Flanges shall be secured to the building structure with corrosion-resistant screws or bolts.
405.4.2 Securing floor outlet fixtures.
Floor outlet fixtures shall be secured to the floor or floor flanges by screws or bolts of corrosion-resistant material.
405.4.3 Securing wall-hung water closet bowls.
Wall-hung water closet bowls shall be supported by a concealed metal carrier that is attached to the building structural members so that strain is not transmitted to the fixture connector or any other part of the plumbing system. The carrier shall conform to ASME A112.6.1M or ASME A112.6.2.
405.6 Watertight joints.
Joints formed where fixtures come in contact with walls or floors shall be sealed.
405.7 Plumbing in mental health centers.
In mental health centers, pipes or traps shall not be exposed, and fixtures shall be bolted through walls.
405.8 Design of overflows.
Where any fixture is provided with an overflow, the waste shall be designed and installed so that standing water in the fixture will not rise in the overflow when the stopper is closed, and water will not remain in the overflow when the fixture is empty.
405.8.1 Connection of overflows.
The overflow from any fixture shall discharge into the drainage system on the inlet or fixture side of the trap.
Exception: The overflow from a flush tank serving a water closet or urinal shall discharge into the fixture served.
405.9 Slip-joint connections.
Slip joints shall be made with an approved elastomeric gasket and shall only be installed on the trap outlet, trap inlet and within the trap seal. Fixtures with concealed slip-joint connections shall be provided with an access panel or utility space not less than 12 inches (305 mm) in its smallest dimension or other approved arrangement so as to provide access to the slip-joint connections for inspection and repair.
Section 406 Automatic Clothes Washers
406.2 Waste connection.
The waste from an automatic clothes washer shall discharge through an air break into a standpipe in accordance with Section 802.4.3 or into a laundry sink. The trap and fixture drain for an automatic clothes washer standpipe shall be a minimum of 2 inches (51 mm) in diameter. The automatic clothes washer fixture drain shall connect to a building drain, branch drain or drainage stack a minimum of 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter. Automatic clothes washers that discharge by gravity shall be permitted to drain to a waste receptor or an approved trench drain.
Section 407 Bathtubs
407.2 Bathtub waste outlets and overflows.
Bathtubs shall be equipped with a waste outlet that is not less than 1 1/2 inches (38 mm) in diameter. The waste outlet shall be equipped with a watertight stopper. Where an overflow is installed in a bathtub, the piping from the overflow outlet shall be connected upstream of the fixture trap. The overflow outlet shall discharge to the trap whether the waste outlet is closed or open.
Section 408 Bidets
Section 409 Dishwashing Machines
409.4 Residential dishwasher waste connection.
The waste connection of a residential dishwasher shall connect directly to a wye branch fitting on the tailpiece of the kitchen sink, directly to the dishwasher connection of a food waste disposer, or through an air break to a standpipe. The waste line of a residential dishwasher shall rise and be securely fastened to the underside of the sink rim or countertop.
Section 410 Drinking Fountains
410.1 Approval.
Drinking fountains shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 or ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4. Drinking fountains, water coolers and water dispensers shall conform to NSF 61, Section 9. Electrically operated, refrigerated drinking water coolers and water dispensers shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 399.
410.2 Small occupancies.
Drinking fountains shall not be required for an occupant load of 25 or fewer.
410.3 High and low drinking fountains.
Where drinking fountains are provided on an exterior site, on a floor or within a secured area, the drinking fountains shall be provided in accordance with Sections 410.3.1 and 410.3.2.
[BE] 410.3.1 Minimum number.
Not fewer than two drinking fountains shall be provided. One drinking fountain shall comply with the requirements for people who use a wheelchair and one drinking fountain shall comply with the requirements for standing persons.
Exceptions:
- 1.
A single drinking fountain with two separate spouts that complies with the requirements for people who use a wheelchair and standing persons shall be permitted to be substituted for two separate drinking fountains.
- 2.
Where drinking fountains are primarily for children’s use, the drinking fountains for people using wheelchairs shall be permitted to comply with the children’s provisions in ICC A117.1 and drinking fountains for standing children shall be permitted to provide the spout at 30 inches (762 mm) minimum above the floor.
[BE] 410.3.2 More than the minimum number.
Where more than the minimum number of drinking fountains specified in Section 410.3.1 is provided, 50 percent of the total number of drinking fountains provided shall comply with the requirements for persons who use a wheelchair and 50 percent of the total number of drinking fountains provided shall comply with the requirements for standing persons.
Exceptions:
- 1.
Where 50 percent of the drinking fountains yields a fraction, 50 percent shall be permitted to be rounded up or down, provided that the total number of drinking fountains complying with this section equals 100 percent of the drinking fountains.
- 2.
Where drinking fountains are primarily for children’s use, drinking fountains for people using wheelchairs shall be permitted to comply with the children’s provisions in ICC A117.1 and drinking fountains for standing children shall be permitted to provide the spout at 30 inches (762 mm) minimum above the floor.
410.4 Substitution.
Where restaurants provide drinking water in a container free of charge, drinking fountains shall not be required in those restaurants. In other occupancies where three or more drinking fountains are required, water dispensers shall be permitted to be substituted for not more than 50 percent of the required number of drinking fountains.
410.5 Prohibited location.
Drinking fountains, water coolers and water dispensers shall not be installed in public restrooms.
Section 411 Emergency Showers and Eyewash Stations
411.2 Waste connection.
Waste connections shall not be required for emergency showers and eyewash stations.
411.3 Water supply.
Where hot and cold water is supplied to an emergency shower or eyewash station, the temperature of the water supply shall only be controlled by a temperature-actuated mixing valve complying with ASSE 1071. Where water is supplied directly to an emergency shower or eyewash station from a water heater, the water heater shall comply with ASSE 1085.
Section 412 Faucets and Fixture Fittings
412.1 Approval.
Faucets and fixture fittings shall conform to ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. Faucets and fixture fittings that supply drinking water for human ingestion shall conform to the requirements of NSF 61, Section 9. Flexible water connectors exposed to continuous pressure shall conform to the requirements of Section 605.6.
High-efficiency lavatory faucets or lavatory faucet replacement aerators in private use, such as in residences and apartments, and private (nonpublic) restrooms in hotels and hospitals, shall be listed to the WaterSense High Efficiency Lavatory Faucet Specification.
412.3 Individual shower valves.
Individual shower and tub-shower combination valves shall be balanced-pressure, thermostatic or combination balanced-pressure/thermostatic valves that conform to the requirements of ASSE 1016/ASME A112.1016/CSA B125.16 or ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. Such valves shall be installed at the point of use. Shower control valves shall be rated for the flow rate of the installed shower head. Shower and tub-shower combination valves required by this section shall be equipped with a means to limit the maximum setting of the valve to 120°F (49°C), which shall be field adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions to provide water at a temperature not to exceed 120°F (49°C). In-line thermostatic valves shall not be utilized for compliance with this section.
412.4 Multiple (gang) showers.
Multiple (gang) showers supplied with a single, tempered water supply pipe shall have the water supply for such showers controlled by an approved automatic temperature control mixing valve that conforms to ASSE 1069 or CSA B125.3, or each shower head shall be individually controlled by a balanced-pressure, thermostatic or combination balanced-pressure/thermostatic valve that conforms to ASSE 1016/ASME A112.1016/CSA B125.16 or ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 and that is installed at the point of use. Where a shower head is individually controlled, shower control valves shall be rated for the flow rate of the installed shower head. Such valves shall be equipped with a means to limit the maximum setting of the valve to 120°F (49°C), which shall be field adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions to provide water at a temperature not to exceed 120°F (49°C). Access shall be provided to an ASSE 1069 or CSA B125.3 valve.
412.5 Bathtub and whirlpool bathtub valves.
Bathtubs and whirlpool bathtub valves shall have or be supplied by a water-temperature-limiting device that conforms to ASSE 1070/ASME A112.1070/CSA B125.70 or by a water heater complying with ASSE 1082 or ASSE 1084, except where such valves are combination tub/shower valves in accordance with Section 412.3. The water-temperature-limiting device required by this section shall be equipped with a means to limit the maximum setting of the device to 120°F (49°C), and, where adjustable, shall be field adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions to provide hot water at a temperature not to exceed 120°F (49°C). Access shall be provided to water-temperature-limiting devices that conform to ASSE 1070/ASME A112.1070/CSA B125.70.
412.7 Temperature-actuated, flow-reduction devices for individual fixture fittings.
Temperature-actuated, flow-reduction devices, where installed for individual fixture fittings, shall conform to ASSE 1062. A temperature-actuated, flow-reduction device shall be an approved method for limiting the water temperature to not greater than 120°F (49°C) at the outlet of a faucet or fixture fitting. Such devices shall not be used alone as a substitute for the balanced-pressure, thermostatic or combination shower valves required in Section 412.3 or as a substitute for bathtub or whirlpool tub water-temperature-limiting valves required in Section 412.5.
412.10 Head shampoo sink faucets.
Head shampoo sink faucets shall be supplied with hot water that is limited to not more than 120°F (49°C). Each faucet shall have integral check valves to prevent crossover flow between the hot and cold water supply connections. The means for regulating the maximum temperature shall be one of the following:
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
Section 413 Floor and Trench Drains
413.2 Floor drains.
Floor drains shall have removable strainers. The floor drain shall be constructed so that the drain is capable of being cleaned. Access shall be provided to the drain inlet. Ready access shall be provided to floor drains.
Exception: Floor drains serving refrigerated display cases shall be provided with access.
413.3 Size of floor drains.
Floor drains shall have a drain outlet not less than 2 inches (51 mm) in diameter.
413.4 Public laundries and central washing facilities.
In public coin-operated laundries and in the central washing facilities of multiple-family dwellings, the rooms containing automatic clothes washers shall be provided with floor drains located to readily drain the entire floor area. Such drains shall have an outlet of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter.
Section 414 Floor Sinks
Section 415 Flushing Devices for Water Closets and Urinals
415.1 Flushing devices required.
Each water closet, urinal, clinical sink and any plumbing fixture that depends on trap siphonage to discharge the fixture contents to the drainage system shall be provided with a flushometer valve, flushometer tank or a flush tank designed and installed to supply water in quantity and rate of flow to flush the contents of the fixture, cleanse the fixture and refill the fixture trap.
415.1.1 Separate for each fixture.
A flushing device shall not serve more than one fixture.
415.2 Flushometer valves and tanks.
Flushometer valves and tanks shall comply with ASSE 1037/ASME A112.1037/CSA B125.37 or CSA B125.3. Vacuum breakers on flushometer valves shall conform to the performance requirements of ASSE 1001 or CSA B64.1.1. Access shall be provided to vacuum breakers. Flushometer valves shall be of the water-conservation type and shall not be used where the water pressure is lower than the minimum required for normal operation. When operated, the valve shall automatically complete the cycle of operation, opening fully and closing positively under the water supply pressure. Each flushometer valve shall be provided with a means for regulating the flow through the valve. The trap seal to the fixture shall be automatically refilled after each flushing cycle.
415.3 Flush tanks.
Flush tanks equipped for manual flushing shall be controlled by a device designed to refill the tank after each discharge and to shut off completely the water flow to the tank when the tank is filled to operational capacity. The trap seal to the fixture shall be automatically refilled after each flushing. The water supply to flush tanks equipped for automatic flushing shall be controlled with a timing device or sensor control devices.
415.3.2 Overflows in flush tanks.
Flush tanks shall be provided with overflows discharging to the water closet or urinal connected thereto and shall be sized to prevent flooding the tank at the maximum rate at which the tanks are supplied with water according to the manufacturer’s design conditions. The opening of the overflow pipe shall be located above the flood level rim of the water closet or urinal or above a secondary overflow in the flush tank.
415.3.4 Access required.
All parts in a flush tank shall be provided with access for repair and replacement.
Section 416 Food Waste Disposer Units
416.1 Approval.
Domestic food waste disposers shall conform to ASSE 1008 and shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 430. Commercial food waste disposers shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 430. Food waste disposers shall not increase the drainage fixture unit load on the sanitary drainage system.
416.2 Domestic food waste disposer waste outlets.
Domestic food waste disposers shall be connected to a drain of not less than 1 1/2 inches (38 mm) in diameter.
416.3 Commercial food waste disposer waste outlets.
Commercial food waste disposers shall be connected to a drain not less than 1 1/2 inches (38 mm) in diameter. Commercial food waste disposers shall be connected and trapped separately from any other fixtures or sink compartments.
Section 417 Garbage Can Washers
417.2 Waste connection.
Garbage can washers shall be trapped separately. The receptacle receiving the waste from the washer shall have a removable basket or strainer to prevent the discharge of large particles into the drainage system.
Section 418 Laundry Trays
418.2 Waste outlet.
Each compartment of a laundry tray shall be provided with a waste outlet not less than 1 1/2 inches (38 mm) in diameter and a strainer or crossbar to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
Section 419 Lavatories
419.1 Approval.
Lavatories shall conform to ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Group wash fixtures shall conform to the requirements of Section 402. For determining the number of lavatories required by Table 403.1, every 20 inches (508 mm) of rim space of a group wash fixture shall be considered as one lavatory.
419.3 Lavatory waste outlets.
Lavatories and group wash fixtures shall have a waste outlet not less than 1 1/4 inches (32 mm) in diameter. A strainer, pop-up stopper, crossbar or other device shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
419.5 Tempered water for public hand-washing facilities.
Tempered water may be delivered from lavatories and group wash fixtures located in public toilet facilities provided for customers, patrons and visitors. If provided, tempered water shall be delivered through an approved water-temperature limiting device that conforms to ASSE 1070/ASME A112.1070/CSA B125.70.
419.6 Soap dispenser.
Soap dispensers shall be provided for public lavatories.
Section 420 Manual Food and Beverage Dispensing Equipment
Section 421 Showers
421.2 Water supply riser.
Water supply risers from the shower valve to the shower head outlet, whether exposed or concealed, shall be attached to the structure. The attachment to the structure shall be made by the use of support devices designed for use with the specific piping material or by fittings anchored with corrosion-resistant screws.
421.3 Shower waste outlet.
Waste outlets serving showers shall be not less than 1 1/2 inches (38 mm) in diameter and, for other than waste outlets in bathtubs, shall have removable strainers not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter with strainer openings not less than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in least dimension. Where each shower space is not provided with an individual waste outlet, the waste outlet shall be located and the floor pitched so that waste from one shower does not flow over the floor area serving another shower. Waste outlets shall be fastened to the waste pipe in an approved manner.
421.4 Shower compartments.
Shower compartments shall be not less than 900 square inches (0.58 m2) in interior cross-sectional area. Shower compartments shall be not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in least dimension as measured from the finished interior dimension of the compartment, exclusive of fixture valves, showerheads, soap dishes and safety grab bars or rails. Except as required in Section 404, the minimum required area and dimension shall be measured from the finished interior dimension at a height equal to the top of the threshold and at a point tangent to its centerline and shall be continued to a height not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) above the shower drain outlet.
Exception: Shower compartments having not less than 25 inches (635 mm) in minimum dimension measured from the finished interior dimension of the compartment, provided that the shower compartment has not less than 1,300 square inches (0.838 m2) of cross-sectional area.
421.4.1 Floor and wall area.
Bathtub floors, shower floors, wall areas above built-in tubs that have installed shower heads and walls in shower compartments shall be constructed of smooth, corrosion-resistant and nonabsorbent waterproof materials. Wall materials shall extend to a height of not less than 6 feet (1829 mm) above the room floor level, and not less than 70 inches (1778 mm) above the drain of the tub or shower. Such walls shall form a watertight joint with each other and with either the tub or shower floor.
421.5 Shower floors or receptors.
Floor surfaces shall be constructed of impervious, noncorrosive, nonabsorbent and waterproof materials.
421.5.1 Support.
Floors or receptors under shower compartments shall be laid on, and supported by, a smooth and structurally sound base.
421.5.2 Shower lining.
Floors under shower compartments, except where prefabricated receptors have been provided, shall be lined and made watertight utilizing material complying with Sections 421.5.2.1 through 421.5.2.6. Such liners shall turn up on all sides not less than 2 inches (51 mm) above the finished threshold level. Liners shall be recessed and fastened to an approved backing so as not to occupy the space required for wall covering, and shall not be nailed or perforated at any point less than 1 inch (25 mm) above the finished threshold. Liners shall be pitched one-fourth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2 percent slope) and shall be sloped toward the fixture drains and be securely fastened to the waste outlet at the seepage entrance, making a watertight joint between the liner and the outlet. The completed liner shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.10.
Exceptions:
- 1.
Floor surfaces under shower heads provided for rinsing laid directly on the ground are not required to comply with this section.
- 2.
Where a sheet-applied, load-bearing, bonded, waterproof membrane is installed as the shower lining, the membrane shall not be required to be recessed.
421.5.2.3 Sheet lead.
Sheet lead shall weigh not less than 4 pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m2) and shall be coated with an asphalt paint or other approved coating. The lead sheet shall be insulated from conducting substances other than the connecting drain by 15-pound (6.80 kg) asphalt felt or an equivalent. Sheet lead shall be joined by burning.
421.5.2.4 Sheet copper.
Sheet copper shall conform to ASTM B152 and shall weigh not less than 12 ounces per square foot (3.7 kg/m2). The copper sheet shall be insulated from conducting substances other than the connecting drain by 15-pound (6.80 kg) asphalt felt or an equivalent. Sheet copper shall be joined by brazing or soldering.
Section 422 Sinks
422.2 Sink waste outlets.
Sinks shall be provided with waste outlets having a diameter not less than 1 1/2 inches (38 mm). A strainer or crossbar shall be provided to restrict the clear opening of the waste outlet.
Section 423 Specialty Plumbing Fixtures
423.2 Approval.
Specialties requiring water and waste connections shall be submitted for approval.
423.3 Footbaths and pedicure baths.
The water supplied to specialty plumbing fixtures, such as pedicure chairs having an integral foot bathtub and footbaths, shall be limited to not greater than 120ºF (49ºC) by a water-temperature-limiting device that conforms to ASSE 1070/ASME A112.1070/CSA B125.70 or by a water heater complying with ASSE 1082 or 1084.
Section 424 Urinals
424.1 Approval.
Urinals shall conform to ANSI Z124.9, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME A112.19.19 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Urinals shall conform to the water consumption requirements of Section 604.4. Water-supplied urinals shall conform to the hydraulic performance requirements of ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. High efficiency urinals with pressurized flushing devices and flush tank (gravity type) flushing devices shall be listed to the WaterSense Specification for Flushing Urinals and shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1.
Non-water urinals shall conform to ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or ASME A112.19.19, CSA B45.4. Where non-water urinals are employed, they shall be cleaned and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions after installation. Where non-water urinals are installed they shall have a properly sized water distribution line roughed-in to the urinal location at a minimum height of 56 inches (1,422 mm) to allow for the installation of an approved backflow prevention device in the event of a retrofit. Such water distribution lines shall be installed with shut-off valves located as close as possible to the distributing main to prevent the creation of dead ends. Where non-water urinals are installed, a minimum of one water supplied fixture rated at a minimum of one water supply fixture unit shall be installed upstream on the same drain line to facilitate drain line flow and rinsing.
424.2 Substitution for water closets.
In each bathroom or toilet room, urinals shall not be substituted for more than 67 percent of the required water closets for males according to Table 403.1 in assembly and educational occupancies. Urinals shall not be substituted for more than 50 percent of the required water closets for males according to Table 403.1 in all other occupancies.
Section 425 Water Closets
425.1 Approval.
Water closets shall conform to the water consumption requirements of Section 604.4 and shall conform to ANSI Z124.4, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4 or CSA B45.5/IAPMO Z124. Water closets shall conform to the hydraulic performance requirements of ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1. Water closet tanks shall conform to ANSI Z124.4, ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1, ASME A112.19.3/CSA B45.4, or CSA B45.5. Electro-hydraulic water closets shall comply with ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1. High-efficiency single-flush and dualflush toilets or water closets shall conform to ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 and ASME A112.19.14.
425.2 Water closets for public or employee toilet facilities.
Water closet bowls for public or employee toilet facilities shall be of the elongated type.
425.3 Water closet seats.
Water closets shall be equipped with seats of smooth, nonabsorbent material. Seats of water closets provided for public or employee toilet facilities shall be of the hinged open-front type. Integral water closet seats shall be of the same material as the fixture. Water closet seats shall be sized for the water closet bowl type.
425.4 Water closet connections.
A 4-inch by 3-inch (102 mm by 76 mm) closet bend shall be acceptable. Where a 3-inch (76 mm) bend is utilized on water closets, a 4-inch by 3-inch (102 mm by 76 mm) flange shall be installed to receive the fixture horn.
Section 426 Whirlpool Bathtubs
426.2 Installation.
Whirlpool bathtubs shall be installed and tested in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The pump shall be located above the weir of the fixture trap.
426.3 Drain.
The pump drain and circulation piping shall be sloped to drain the water in the volute and the circulation piping when the whirlpool bathtub is empty.
426.5 Access to pump.
Access shall be provided to circulation pumps in accordance with the fixture or pump manufacturer’s installation instructions. Where the manufacturer’s instructions do not specify the location and minimum size of field-fabricated access openings, an opening not less than 12 inches by 12 inches (305 mm by 305 mm) shall be installed to provide access to the circulation pump. Where pumps are located more than 2 feet (609 mm) from the access opening, an opening not less than 18 inches by 18 inches (457 mm by 457 mm) shall be installed. A door or panel shall be permitted to close the opening. In all cases, the access opening shall be unobstructed and of the size necessary to permit the removal and replacement of the circulation pump.