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Friedman Edge Reading Room · 2024 GA IMC

Chapter 11 Refrigeration

State amendments integrated131 filed sections2024 editionEffective January 1, 2026
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Chapter 11 Refrigeration

Section 1101 General

1101.1 Scope.

This chapter shall govern the design, installation, construction and repair of refrigeration systems. Permanently installed refrigerant storage systems and other components shall be considered as part of the refrigeration system to which they are attached.

1101.1.1 Refrigerants other than ammonia.

Refrigeration systems using a refrigerant other than ammonia shall comply with this chapter, the International Fire Code, and either ASHRAE 15 or ASHRAE 15.2, as applicable. Refrigeration systems containing carbon dioxide as the refrigerant shall also comply with IIAR CO2 .

1101.1.2 Ammonia refrigerant.

Refrigeration systems using ammonia refrigerant shall comply with IIAR 2 for system design, IIAR 3 for valves, IIAR 4 for installation, IIAR 5 for start-up, and IIAR 6 and shall not be required to comply with this chapter.

1101.2 Factory-built equipment and appliances.

Listed and labeled self-contained, factory-built equipment and appliances shall be tested in accordance with the applicable standards specified in Table 1101.2. Such equipment and appliances are deemed to meet the design, manufacture and factory test requirements of this code if installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer’s instructions.

TABLE 1101.2 FACTORY-BUILT EQUIPMENT AND APPLIANCES

EQUIPMENT

STANDARDS

➡

Air-conditioning equipment

UL 1995 or UL/CSA 60335-2-40

Packaged terminal air conditioners and heat pumps

UL 484 or UL/CSA 60335-2-40

Split-system air conditioners and heat pumps

UL 1995 or UL/CSA 60335-2-40

Dehumidifiers

UL 474 or UL/CSA 60335-2-40

Unit coolers

UL 412 or UL/CSA 60335-2-89

Commercial refrigerators, freezers, beverage coolers and walk-in coolers

UL 471 or UL/CSA 60335-2-89

Refrigerating units and walk-in coolers

UL 427 or UL 60335-2-89

Refrigerant-containing components and accessories

UL 207

1101.2.1 Group A2L, A2, A3 and B1 high-probability equipment.

High-probability equipment using Group A2L, A2, A3 or B1 refrigerant shall comply with UL 484, UL/CSA 60335-2-40 or UL/CSA 60335-2-89.

1101.3 Protection.

Any portion of a refrigeration system that is subject to physical damage shall be protected in an approved manner.

1101.4 Water connection.

Water supply and discharge connections associated with refrigeration systems shall be made in accordance with this code and the International Plumbing Code.

1101.5 Fuel gas connection.

Fuel gas devices, equipment and appliances used with refrigeration systems shall be installed in accordance with the International Fuel Gas Code.

1101.6 Maintenance.

Refrigeration systems shall be maintained in proper operating condition, free from accumulations of oil, dirt, waste, excessive corrosion, other debris and leaks.

➡

1101.7 Changing refrigerant.

Changes of refrigerant in an existing system to a refrigerant with a different refrigerant designation shall be allowed only where in accordance with the following:

  1. 1.

    The owner or the owner’s authorized agent shall be notified prior to making a change of refrigerant, and the change of refrigerant shall not be made where the owner objects to the change.

  2. 2.

    The change in refrigerant shall be in accordance with one of the following:

    1. 2.1.

      Written instructions of the original equipment manufacturer.

    2. 2.2.

      An evaluation of the system by a registered design professional or by an approved agency that validates safety and suitability of the replacement refrigerant.

    3. 2.3.

      Approved by the code official.

  3. 3.

    Where the replacement refrigerant is classified into the same safety group, requirements that were applicable to the existing system shall continue to apply.

  4. 4.

    Where the replacement refrigerant is classified into a different safety group, the system shall comply with the requirements of this standard for a new installation, and the change of refrigerant shall require code official approval.

[F] 1101.8 Refrigerant discharge.

Notification of refrigerant discharge shall be provided in accordance with the International Fire Code.

1101.9 Locking access port caps.

Refrigerant circuit access ports located outdoors shall be fitted with locking-type tamper-resistant caps or shall be otherwise secured to prevent unauthorized access.

Exception: This section shall not apply to refrigerant circuit access ports on equipment installed in controlled areas such as on roofs with locked access hatches or doors.

Section 1102 System Requirements

1102.1 General.

The refrigeration system classification, allowable refrigerants, maximum quantity, enclosure requirements, location limitations, and field pressure test requirements shall be determined as follows:

  1. 1.

    Determine the refrigeration system’s classification, in accordance with Section 1103.3.

  2. 2.

    Determine the refrigerant classification in accordance with Section 1103.1.

  3. 3.

    Determine the maximum allowable quantity of refrigerant in accordance with Section 1104, based on type of refrigerant, refrigeration system classification and occupancy.

  4. 4.

    Determine the refrigeration system enclosure requirements in accordance with Section 1104.

  5. 5.

    Refrigeration equipment and appliance location and installation shall be subject to the limitations of Chapter 3.

  6. 6.

    Nonfactory-tested, field-erected equipment and appliances shall be pressure tested in accordance with Section 1108.

1102.2 Refrigerants.

The refrigerant shall be that which the equipment or appliance was designed to utilize or converted to utilize. Refrigerants not identified in Table 1103.1 shall be approved before use.

1102.2.1 Mixing.

Refrigerants with different refrigerant designations shall only be mixed in a system in accordance with both of the following:

  1. 1.

    The addition of a second refrigerant is allowed by the equipment manufacturer and is in accordance with the manufacturer’s written instructions.

  2. 2.

    The resulting mixture does not change the refrigerant safety group.

1102.2.2 Purity.

Refrigerants used in refrigeration systems shall be new, recovered or reclaimed refrigerants in accordance with Section 1102.2.2.1, 1102.2.2.2 or 1102.2.2.3. Where required by the equipment or appliance owner or the code official, the installer shall furnish a signed declaration that the refrigerant used meets the requirements of Section 1102.2.2.1, 1102.2.2.2 or 1102.2.2.3.

Exception: The refrigerant used shall meet the purity specifications set by the manufacturer of the equipment or appliance in which such refrigerant is used where such specifications are different from that specified in Sections 1102.2.2.1, 1102.2.2.2 and 1102.2.2.3.

1102.2.2.1 New refrigerants.

Refrigerants shall be of a purity level specified by the equipment or appliance manufacturer.

1102.2.2.2 Recovered refrigerants.

Refrigerants that are recovered from refrigeration and air-conditioning systems shall not be reused in other than the system from which they were recovered and in other systems of the same owner. Recovered refrigerants shall be filtered and dried before reuse. Recovered refrigerants that show clear signs of contamination shall not be reused unless reclaimed in accordance with Section 1102.2.2.3.

1102.2.2.3 Reclaimed refrigerants.

Used refrigerants shall not be reused in a different owner’s equipment or appliances unless tested and found to meet the purity requirements of AHRI 700. Contaminated refrigerants shall not be used unless reclaimed and found to meet the purity requirements of AHRI 700.

1102.3 Access port protection.

Refrigerant access ports shall be protected in accordance with Section 1101.9 whenever refrigerant is added to or recovered from refrigeration or air-conditioning systems.

Section 1103 Refrigeration System Classification

1103.1 Refrigerant classification.

Refrigerants shall be classified in accordance with ASHRAE 34 as listed in Table 1103.1.

Note: An Interim Critical Amendment is in effect for portions of Table 1103.1 and can be found following the Content Updates at the end of this publication.

TABLE 1103.1 REFRIGERANT CLASSIFICATION, AMOUNT AND OEL

CHEMICAL REFRIGERANT

FORMULA

CHEMICAL NAME OF BLEND

REFRIGERANT SAFETY GROUP CLASSIFICATION

AMOUNT OF REFRIGERANT PER OCCUPIED SPACE

(F) DEGREES OF HAZARDa

RCL

LFL

OEL

lb/MCf

ppm

g/m3

lb/MCf

ppm

g/m3

ppm

R-11c

CCl3F

trichlorofluoromethane

A1

0.39

1,100

6.1

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-12c

CCl2F2

dichlorodifluoromethane

A1

5.6

18,000

90

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-13c

CClF3

chlorotrifluoromethane

A1

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-13B1c

CBrF3

bromotrifluoromethane

A1

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-13I1

CF3I

trifluoroiodomethane

A1

1.0

2,000

16

—

—

—

500

—

R-14

CF4

tetrafluoromethane (carbon tetrafluoride)

A1

25

110,000

400

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-22

CHClF2

chlorodifluoromethane

A1

13

59,000

210

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-23

CHF3

trifluoromethane (fluoroform)

A1

7.3

41,000

120

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-30

CH2Cl2

dichloromethane (methylene chloride)

B1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

R-31

CH2ClF

chlorofluoromethane

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

R-32

CH2F2

difluoromethane (methylene fluoride)

A2L

4.8

36,000

77

19.1

144,000

306

1,000

1-4-0

R-40

CH3Cl

chloromethane (methyl chloride)

B2

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

R-41

CH3F

fluoromethane (methyl fluoride)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

R-50

CH4

methane

A3

—

—

—

—

50,000

—

1,000

—

R-113c

CCl2FCClF2

1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane

A1

1.2

2,600

20

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-114c

CClF2CClF2

1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane

A1

8.7

20,000

140

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-115

CClF2CF3

chloropentafluoroethane

A1

47

120,000

760

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-116

CF3CF3

hexafluoroethane

A1

34

97,000

550

—

—

—

1,000

1-0-0

R-123

CHCl2CF3

2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane

B1

3.5

9,100

57

—

—

—

50

2-0-0b

R-124

CHClFCF3

2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane

A1

3.5

10,000

56

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-125

CHF2CF3

pentafluoroethane

A1

23

75,000

370

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-134a

CH2FCF3

1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane

A1

13

50,000

210

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-141b

CH3CCl2F

1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane

—

0.78

2,600

12

17.8

60,000

287

500

2-1-0

R-142b

CH3CClF2

1-chloro-1, 1-difluoroethane

A2

5.1

20,000

82

20.4

80,000

329

1,000

2-4-0

R-143a

CH3CF3

1,1,1-trifluoroethane

A2L

4.4

21,000

70

17.5

82,000

282

1,000

2-0-0b

R-152a

CH3CHF2

1,1-difluoroethane

A2

2.0

12,000

32

8.1

48,000

130

1,000

1-4-0

R-170

CH3CH3

ethane

A3

0.54

7,000

8.6

2.4

31,000

38

1,000

2-4-0

R-E170

CH3OCH3

Methoxymethane (dimethyl ether)

A3

1.0

8,500

16

4.0

34,000

64

1,000

—

R-218

CF3CF2CF3

octafluoropropane

A1

43

90,000

690

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-227ea

CF3CHFCF3

1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane

A1

36

84,000

580

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-236fa

CF3CH2CF3

1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane

A1

21

55,000

340

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-245fa

CHF2CH2CF3

1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane

B1

12

34,000

190

—

—

—

300

2-0-0b

R-290

CH3CH2CH3

propane

A3

0.59

5,300

9.5

2.4

21,000

38

1,000

2-4-0

R-C318

-(CF2)4-

octafluorocyclobutane

A1

41

80,000

650

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-400c

zeotrope

R-12/114 (50.0/50.0)

A1

10

28,000

160

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-400c

zeotrope

R-12/114 (60.0/40.0)

A1

11

30,000

170

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-401A

zeotrope

R-22/152a/124 (53.0/13.0/34.0)

A1

6.6

27,000

110

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-401B

zeotrope

R-22/152a/124 (61.0/11.0/28.0)

A1

7.2

30,000

120

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-401C

zeotrope

R-22/152a/124 (33.0/15.0/52.0)

A1

5.2

20,000

84

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-402A

zeotrope

R-125/290/22 (60.0/2.0/38.0)

A1

17

66,000

270

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-402B

zeotrope

R-125/290/22 (38.0/2.0/60.0)

A1

15

63,000

240

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-403A

zeotrope

R-290/22/218 (5.0/75.0/20.0)

A2

7.6

33,000

120

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-403B

zeotrope

R-290/22/218 (5.0/56.0/39.0)

A1

18

68,000

290

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-404A

zeotrope

R-125/143a/134a (44.0/52.0/4.0)

A1

31

130,000

500

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-405A

zeotrope

R-22/152a/142b/C318 (45.0/7.0/5.5/42.5)

—

16

57,000

260

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-406A

zeotrope

R-22/600a/142b (55.0/4.0/41.0)

A2

4.7

21,000

75

18.8

82,000

301.9

1,000

—

R-407A

zeotrope

R-32/125/134a (20.0/40.0/40.0)

A1

19

83,000

300

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-407B

zeotrope

R-32/125/134a (10.0/70.0/20.0)

A1

21

79,000

330

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-407C

zeotrope

R-32/125/134a (23.0/25.0/52.0)

A1

18

81,000

290

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-407D

zeotrope

R-32/125/134a (15.0/15.0/70.0)

A1

16

68,000

250

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-407E

zeotrope

R-32/125/134a (25.0/15.0/60.0)

A1

17

80,000

280

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-407F

zeotrope

R-32/125/134a (30.0/30.0/40.0)

A1

20

95,000

320

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-407G

zeotrope

R-32/125/134a (2.5/2.5/95.0)

A1

13

52,000

210

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-407H

zeotrope

R-32/125/134a (32.5/15.0/52.5)

A1

19

92,000

300

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-407I

zeotrope

R-32/125/124a (19.5/8.5/72.0)

A1

16

71,100

250

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-408A

zeotrope

R-125/143a/22 (7.0/46.0/47.0)

A1

21

94,000

330

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-409A

zeotrope

R-22/124/142b (60.0/25.0/15.0)

A1

7.1

29,000

110

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-409B

zeotrope

R-22/124/142b (65.0/25.0/10.0)

A1

7.3

30,000

120

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-410A

zeotrope

R-32/125 (50.0/50.0)

A1

26

140,000

420

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-410B

zeotrope

R-32/125 (45.0/55.0)

A1

27

140,000

430

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-411A

zeotrope

R-127/22/152a (1.5/87.5/11.0)

A2

2.9

14,000

46

11.6

55,000

185.6

970

—

R-411B

zeotrope

R-1270/22/152a (3.0/94.0/3.0)

A2

2.8

13,000

45

14.8

70,000

238.3

940

—

R-412A

zeotrope

R-22/218/142b (70.0/5.0/25.0)

A2

5.1

22,000

82

20.5

87,000

328.6

1,000

—

R-413A

zeotrope

R-218/134a/600a (9.0/88.0/3.0)

A2

5.8

22,000

93

23.4

88,000

374.9

1,000

—

R-414A

zeotrope

R-22/124/600a/142b (51.0/28.5/4.0/16.5)

A1

6.4

26,000

100

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-414B

zeotrope

R-22/124/600a/142b (50.0/39.0/1.5/9.5)

A1

6.0

23,000

96

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-415A

zeotrope

R-22/152a (82.0/18.0)

A2

2.9

14,000

47

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-415B

zeotrope

R-22/152a (25.0/75.0)

A2

2.1

12,000

34

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-416A

zeotrope

R-134a/124/600 (59.0/39.5/1.5)

A1

3.9

14,000

62

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-417A

zeotrope

R-125/134a/600 (46.6/50.0/3.4)

A1

3.5

13,000

55

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-417B

zeotrope

R-125/134a/600 (79.0/18.3/2.7)

A1

4.3

15,000

69

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-417C

zeotrope

R-125/134a/600 (19.5/78.8/1.7)

A1

5.4

21,000

87

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-418A

zeotrope

R-290/22/152a (1.5/96.0/2.5)

A2

4.8

22,000

77

19.2

89,000

308.4

1,000

—

R-419A

zeotrope

R-125/134a/E170 (77.0/19.0/4.0)

A2

4.2

15,000

67

16.7

60,000

268.6

1,000

—

R-419B

zeotrope

R-125/134a/E170 (48.5/48.0/3.5)

A2

4.6

17,000

74

18.5

69,000

297.3

1,000

—

R-420A

zeotrope

R-134a/142b (88.0/12.0)

A1

12

44,000

180

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-421A

zeotrope

R-125/134a (58.0/42.0)

A1

17

61,000

280

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-421B

zeotrope

R-125/134a (85.0/15.0)

A1

21

69,000

330

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-422A

zeotrope

R-125/134a/600a (85.1/11.5/3.4)

A1

18

63,000

290

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-422B

zeotrope

R-125/134a/600a (55.0/42.0/3.0)

A1

16

56,000

250

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-422C

zeotrope

R-125/134a/600a (82.0/15.0/3.0)

A1

18

62,000

290

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-422D

zeotrope

R-125/134a/600a (65.1/31.5/3.4)

A1

16

58,000

260

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-422E

zeotrope

R-125/134a/600a (58.0/39.3/2.7)

A1

16

57,000

260

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-423A

zeotrope

R-134a/227ea (52.5/47.5)

A1

19

59,000

300

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-424A

zeotrope

R-125/134a/600a/600/601a (50.5/47.0/0.9/1.0/0.6)

A1

6.2

23,000

100

—

—

—

990

2-0-0b

R-425A

zoetrope

R-32/134a/227ea (18.5/69.5/12.0)

A1

16

72,000

260

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-426A

zeotrope

R-125/134a/600a/601a (5.1/93.0/1.3/0.6)

A1

5.2

20,000

83

—

—

—

990

—

R-427A

zeotrope

R-32/125/143a/134a (15.0/25.0/10.0/50.0)

A1

18

79,000

290

—

—

—

1,000

2-1-0

R-428A

zeotrope

R-125/143a/290/600a (77.5/20.0/0.6/1.9)

A1

23

84,000

370

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-429A

zeotrope

R-E170/152a/600a (60.0/10.0/30.0)

A3

0.81

6,300

13

3.2

25,000

83.8

1,000

—

R-430A

zeotrope

R-152a/600a (76.0/24.0)

A3

1.3

8,000

21

5.2

32,000

44.0

1,000

—

R-431A

zeotrope

R-290/152a (71.0/29.0)

A3

0.68

5,500

11

2.7

22,000

38.6

1,000

—

R-432A

zeotrope

R-1270/E170 (80.0/20.0)

A3

0.13

1,200

2.1

2.4

22,000

39.2

550

—

R-433A

zeotrope

R-1270/290 (30.0/70.0)

A3

0.34

3,100

5.5

2.4

20,000

32.4

750

—

R-433B

zeotrope

R-1270/290 (5.0-95.0)

A3

0.39

3,500

6.3

2.0

18,000

32.1

950

—

R-433C

zeotrope

R-1270/290 (25.0-75.0)

A3

0.41

3,700

6.5

2.0

18,000

83.8

790

—

R-434A

zeotrope

R-125/143a/600a (63.2/18.0/16.0/2.8)

A1

20

73,000

320

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-435A

zeotrope

R-E170/152a (80.0/20.0)

A3

1.1

8,500

17

4.3

34,000

68.2

1,000

—

R-436A

zeotrope

R-290/600a (56.0/44.0)

A3

0.50

4,000

8.1

2.0

16,000

32.3

1,000

—

R-436B

zeotrope

R-290/600a (52.0/48.0)

A3

0.51

4,000

8.2

2.0

16,000

32.7

1,000

—

R-436C

zeotrope

R-290/600a (95.0/5.0)

A3

0.57

5,000

9.1

2.3

20,000

36.5

1,000

—

R-437A

zeotrope

R-125/134a/600/601 (19.5/78.5/1.4/0.6)

A1

5.1

19,000

82

—

—

—

990

—

R-438A

zeotrope

R-32/125/134a/600/601a (8.5/45.0/44.2/1.7/0.6)

A1

4.9

20,000

79

—

—

990

—

R-439A

zeotrope

R-32/125/600a (50.0/47.0/3.0)

A2

4.7

26,000

76

18.9

104,000

303.3

1,000

—

R-440A

zeotrope

R-290/134a/152a (0.6/1.6/97.8)

A2

1.9

12,000

31

7.8

46,000

124.7

1,000

—

R-441A

zeotrope

R-170/290/600a/600 (3.1/54.8/6.0/36.1)

A3

0.39

3,200

6.3

2.0

16,000

31.7

1,000

—

R-442A

zeotrope

R-32/125/134a/152a/227ea (31.0/31.0/30.0/3.0/5.0)

A1

21

100,000

330

—

—

1,000

—

R-443A

zeotrope

R-1270/290/600a (55.0/40.0/5.0)

A3

0.19

1,700

3.1

2.2

20,000

35.6

640

—

R-444A

zeotrope

R-32/152a/1234ze(E) (12.0/5.0/83.0)

A2L

5.1

21,000

81

19.9

82,000

324.8

850

—

R-444B

zeotrope

R-32/152a/1234ze(E) (41.5/10.0/48.5)

A2L

4.3

23,000

69

17.3

93,000

277.3

930

—

R-445A

zeotrope

R-744/134a/1234ze(E) (6.0/9.0/85.0)

A2L

4.2

16,000

67

2.7

63,000

347.4

930

—

R-446A

zeotrope

R-32/1234ze(E)/600 (68.0/29.0/3.0)

A2L

2.5

16,000

39

13.5

62,000

217.4

960

—

R-447A

zeotrope

R-32/125/1234ze(E) (68.0/3.5/28.5)

A2L

2.6

16,000

42

18.9

65,000

303.5

960

—

R-447B

zeotrope

R-32/125/1234ze(E) (68.0/8.0/24.0)

A2L

2.6

16,000

42

20.6

121,000

312.7

970

—

R-448A

zeotrope

R-32/125/1234yf/134a/1234ze(E) (26.0/26.0/20.0/21.0/7.0)

A1

24

110,000

390

—

—

860

—

R-449A

zeotrope

R-32/125/1234yf/134a (24.3/24.7/25.3/25.7)

A1

23

100,000

370

—

—

—

840

—

R-449B

zeotrope

R-32/125/1234yf/134a (25.2/24.3/23.2/27.3)

A1

23

100,000

370

—

—

—

850

—

R-449C

zeotrope

R-32/125/1234yf/134a (20.0/20.0/31.0/29.0)

A1

23

98,000

360

—

—

800

—

R-450A

zeotrope

R-134a/1234ze(E) (42.0/58.0)

A1

20

72,000

320

—

—

—

880

—

R-451A

zeotrope

R-1234yf/134a (89.8/10.2)

A2L

5.0

18,000

81

20.3

70,000

326.6

530

—

R-451B

zeotrope

R-1234yf/134a (88.8/11.2)

A2L

5.0

18,000

81

20.3

70,000

326.6

530

—

R-452A

zeotrope

R-32/125/1234yf (11.0/59.0/30.0)

A1

27

100,000

440

—

—

790

—

R-452B

zeotrope

R-32/125/1234yf (67.0/7.0/26.0)

A2L

4.8

30,000

77

19.3

119,000

310.5

870

—

R-452C

zeotrope

R-32/125/1234yf (12.5/61.0/26.5)

A1

27

100,000

430

—

—

—

810

—

R-453A

zeotrope

R-32/125/134a/227ea/600/601a (20.0/20.0/53.8/5.0/0.6/0.6)

A1

7.8

34,000

120

—

—

1,000

—

R-454A

zeotrope

R-32/1234yf (35.0/65.0)

A2L

3.2

16,000

52

18.3

63,000

293.9

690

—

R-454B

zeotrope

R-32/1234yf (68.9/31.1)

A2L

3.1

19,000

49

22.0

77,000

352.6

850

—

R-454C

zeotrope

R-32/1234yf (21.5/78.5)

A2L

4.4

19,000

71

18,0

62,000

289.5

620

—

R-455A

zeotrope

R-744/32/1234yf (3.0/21.5/75.5)

A2L

4.9

22,000

79

26.9

118,000

432.1

650

—

R-456A

zeotrope

R-32/134a/1234ze(E) (6.0/45.0/49.0)

A1

20

77,000

320

—

—

—

900

—

R-457A

zeotrope

R-32/1234yf/152a (18.0/70.0/12.0)

A2L

3.4

15,000

54

13.5

60,000

216.3

650

—

R-457B

zeotrope

R-32/1234yf/152a (35.0/55.0/10.0)

A2L

3.7

19,000

59

14.9

76,000

239

730

—

R-458A

zeotrope

R-32/125/134a/227ea/236fa (20.5/4.0/61.4/13.5/0.6)

A1

18

76,000

280

—

—

1,000

—

R-459A

zeotrope

R-32/1234yf/1234ze(E) (68.0/26.0/6.0)

A2L

4.3

27,000

69

17.4

107,000

278.7

870

—

R-459B

zeotrope

R-32/1234yf/1234ze(E) (21.0/69.0/10.0)

A2L

30

25,000

92

23.3

99,000

373.5

640

—

R-460A

zeotrope

R-32/125/134a/1234ze(E) (12.0/52.0/14.0/22.0)

A1

24

92,000

380

—

—

—

950

—

R-460B

zeotrope

R-32/125/134a/1234ze(E) (28.0/25.0/20.0/27.0)

A1

25

120,000

400

—

—

—

950

—

R-460C

zeotrope

R-32/125/134a/1234ze(E) (2.5/2.5/46.0/49.0)

A1

20

73,000

310

—

—

—

900

—

R-461A

zeotrope

R-125/143a/134a/227ea/600a (55.0/5.0/32.0/5.0/3.0)

A1

17

61,000

270

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-462A

zeotrope

R-32/125/143a/134a/600 (9.0/42.0/2.0/44.0/3.0)

A2

3.9

16,000

62

16.6

105,000

265.8

1,000

—

R-463A

zeotrope

R-744/32/125/1234yf/134a (6.0/36.0/30.0/14.0/14.0)

A1

19

98,000

300

—

—

—

990

—

R-464A

zeotrope

R-32/125/1234ze(E)/227ea (27.0/27.0/40.0/6.0)

A1

27

120,000

430

—

—

—

930

—

R-465A

zeotrope

R-32/290/1234yf (21.0/7.9/71.1)

A2

2.5

12,000

40

10.0

98,000

160.9

660

—

R-466A

zeotrope

R-32/125/13I1 (49.0/11.5/39.5)

A1

6.2

30,000

99

—

—

860

—

R-467A

zeotrope

R-32/125/134a/600a (22.0/5.0/72.4/0.6)

A2L

6.7

31,000

110

—

—

1,000

—

R-468A

zeotrope

R-1132a/32/1234yf (3.5/21.5/75.0)

A2L

4.1

18,000

66

—

—

—

610

—

R-469A

zeotrope

R-744/R-32/R-125 (35.0/32.5/32.5)

A1

8

53,000

—

—

—

1,600

—

R-470A

zeotrope

R-744/32/125/134a/1234ze(E)/227ea (10.0/17.0/19.0/7.0/44.0/3.0)

A1

17

77,000

270

—

—

—

1,100

—

R-470B

zeotrope

R-744/32/125/134a/1234ze(E)/227ea (10.0/17.0/19.0/7.0/44.0/3.0)

A1

16

72,000

270

—

—

—

1,100

—

R-471A

zeotrope

R-1234ze(E)/227ea/1336mzz(E) (78.7/4.3/17.0)

A1

9.7

31,000

160

—

—

710

—

R-472A

zeotrope

R-744/32/134a (69.0/12.0/19.0)

A1

4.5

35,000

72

—

—

—

2,700

—

R-500d

azeotrope

R-12/152a (73.8/26.2)

A1

7.4

29,000

120

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-501c

azeotrope

R-22/12 (75.0/25.0)

A1

13

54,000

210

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-502d

azeotrope

R-22/115 (48.8/51.2)

A1

21

73,000

330

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-503d

azeotrope

R-23/13 (40.1/59.9)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-504c

azeotrope

R-32/115 (48.2/51.8)

—

28

140,000

450

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-507A

azeotrope

R-125/143a (50.0/50.0)

A1

32

130,000

510

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-508A

azeotrope

R-23/116 (39.0/61.0)

A1

14

55,000

220

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-508B

azeotrope

R-23/116 (46.0/54.0)

A1

13

52,000

200

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-509A

azeotrope

R-22/218 (44.0/56.0)

A1

24

75,000

380

—

—

—

1,000

2-0-0b

R-510A

azeotrope

R-E170/600a (88.0/12.0)

A3

0.87

7,300

14

3.5

29,000

56.1

1,000

—

R-511A

azeotrope

R-290/E170 (95.0/5.0)

A3

0.59

5,300

9.5

2.4

21,000

38.0

1,000

—

R-512A

azeotrope

R-134a/152a (5.0/95.0)

A2

1.9

11,000

31

7.7

45,000

123.9

1,000

—

R-513A

azeotrope

R-1234yf/134a (56.0/44.0)

A1

20

72,000

320

—

—

—

650

—

R-513B

azeotrope

R-1234yf/134a (58.5/41.5)

A1

21

74,000

330

—

—

—

640

—

R-514A

azeotrope

R-1336mzz(S)/1130(E) (74.7/25.3)

B1

0.86

2,400

14

—

—

—

320

—

R-515A

azeotrope

R-1234ze(E)/227ea (88.0/12.0)

A1

19

63,000

300

—

—

—

810

—

R-515B

azeotrope

R-1234ze(E)/227ea (91.1/8.9)

A1

18

61,000

290

—

—

810

R-516A

azeotrope

R-1234yf/134a/152a (77.5/8.5/14.0)

A2

3.2

13,000

5 2

13.1

50,000

210.1

590

—

R-600

CH3CH2CH2CH3

butane

A3

0.15

1,000

2.4

3.0

20,000

48

1,000

1-4-0

R-600a

CH(CH3)2CH3

2-methylpropane (isobutane)

A3

0.59

4,000

9.5

2.4

16,000

38

1,000

2-4-0

R-601

CH3CH2CH2 CH2CH3

pentane

A3

0.18

1,000

2.9

2.2

12,000

35

600

—

R-601a

(CH3)2CHCH2CH3

2-methylbutane (isopentane)

A3

0.18

1,000

2.9

2.4

13,000

38

600

—

R-610

CH3CH2OCH2CH3

ethoxyethane (ethyl ether)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

400

—

R-611

HCOOCH3

methyl formate

B2

—

—

—

—

—

—

100

—

R-718

H2O

water

A1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

0-0-0

R-744

CO2

carbon dioxide

A1

4.5

40,000

72

—

—

—

5,000

2-0-0b

R-1130(E)

CHCl=CHCl

trans-1,2-dichloroethene

B2

0.25

1,000

4

16

65,000

258

200

—

R-1132a

CF2=CH2

1,1-difluoroethylene

A2

2.0

13,000

33

8.1

50,000

131

500

—

R-1150

CH2=CH2

ethene (ethylene)

A3

—

—

—

2.2

31,000

36

200

1-4-2

R-1224yd(Z)

CF3CF=CHCl

(Z)-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroethylene

A1

23

60,000

370

—

—

—

1,000

—

R-1233zd(E)

CF3CH=CHCl

trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene

A1

5.3

16,000

85

—

—

—

800

—

R-1234yf

CF3CF=CH2

2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene

A2L

4.5

16,000

75

18.0

62,000

289

500

—

R-1234ze(E)

CF3CH=CFH

trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1 -propene

A2L

4.7

16,000

76

18.8

65,000

303

800

—

R-1270

CH3CH=CH2

Propene (propylene)

A3

0.1

1,000

1.7

—

—

—

500

1-4-1

R-1336mzz(E)

CF3CHCHCF3

trans 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- butene

A1

3.0

7,200

48

—

—

—

400

R-1336mzz(Z)

CF3CHCHCF3

cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexaflouro-2-butene

A1

5.2

13,000

84

—

—

—

500

—

For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 cubic foot = 0.0283 m3.

  1. a.

    Degrees of hazard are for health, fire, and reactivity, respectively, in accordance with NFPA 704.

  2. b.

    Reduction to 1-0-0 is allowed if analysis satisfactory to the code official shows that the maximum concentration for a rupture or full loss of refrigerant charge would not exceed the IDLH, considering both the refrigerant quantity and room volume.

  3. c.

    ➡ Class I ozone depleting substance; prohibited for new installations.

  4. d.

    Occupational Exposure Limit based on the OSHA PEL, ACGIH TLV-TWA, the TERA WEEL or consistent value on a time-weighed average (TWA) basis (unless noted C for ceiling) for an 8 hr/d and 40 hr/wk.

1103.2 Occupancy classification.

Locations of refrigerating systems are described by occupancy classifications that consider the ability of people to respond to potential exposure to refrigerants. Where equipment or appliances, other than piping, are located outside a building and within 20 feet (6096 mm) of any building opening, such equipment or appliances shall be governed by the occupancy classification of the building. Occupancy classifications shall be defined as follows:

  1. 1.

    Institutional occupancy is that portion of premises from which occupants cannot readily leave without the assistance of others because they are disabled, debilitated or confined. Institutional occupancies include, among others, hospitals, nursing homes, asylums and spaces containing locked cells.

  2. 2.

    Public assembly occupancy is that portion of premises where large numbers of people congregate and from which occupants cannot quickly vacate the space. Public assembly occupancies include, among others, auditoriums, ballrooms, classrooms, passenger depots, restaurants and theaters.

  3. 3.

    Residential occupancy is that portion of premises that provides the occupants with complete independent living facilities, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation. Residential occupancies include, among others, dormitories, hotels, multiunit apartments and private residences.

  4. 4.

    Commercial occupancy is that portion of premises where people transact business, receive personal service or purchase food and other goods. Commercial occupancies include, among others, office and professional buildings, markets (but not large mercantile occupancies) and work or storage areas that do not qualify as industrial occupancies.

  5. 5.

    Large mercantile occupancy is that portion of premises where more than 100 persons congregate on levels above or below street level to purchase personal merchandise.

  6. 6.

    Industrial occupancy is that portion of premises that is not open to the public, where access by authorized persons is controlled, and that is used to manufacture, process or store goods such as chemicals, food, ice, meat or petroleum.

  7. 7.

    Mixed occupancy occurs where two or more occupancies are located within the same building. Where each occupancy is isolated from the rest of the building by tight walls, floors and ceilings and by self-closing doors, the requirements for each occupancy shall apply to its portion of the building. Where the various occupancies are not so isolated, the occupancy having the most stringent requirements shall be the governing occupancy.

1103.3 System classification.

Refrigeration systems shall be classified according to the degree of probability that refrigerant leaked from a failed connection, seal or component could enter an occupied area. The distinction is based on the basic design or location of the components.

1103.3.1 Low-probability systems.

Double-indirect open-spray systems, indirect closed systems and indirect-vented closed systems shall be classified as low-probability systems, provided that all refrigerant-containing piping and fittings are isolated where the quantities in Table 1103.1 are exceeded.

1103.3.2 High-probability systems.

Direct systems and indirect open-spray systems shall be classified as high-probability systems.

Exception: An indirect open-spray system shall not be required to be classified as a high-probability system if the pressure of the secondary coolant is at all times (operating and standby) greater than the pressure of the refrigerant.

Section 1104 Refrigeration System Application Requirements

1104.1 General.

The refrigerant, occupancy and system classification cited in this section shall be determined in accordance with Sections 1103.1, 1103.2 and 1103.3, respectively.

1104.2 Machinery room.

Except as provided in Sections 1104.2.1 and 1104.2.2, all components containing the refrigerant shall be located either outdoors or in a machinery room where the quantity of refrigerant in an independent circuit of a refrigeration system exceeds the amounts shown in Table 1103.1. For refrigerant blends not listed in Table 1103.1, the same requirement shall apply where the amount for any blend component exceeds that indicated in Table 1103.1 for that component. This requirement shall also apply where the combined amount of the blend components exceeds a limit of 69,100 parts per million (ppm) by volume. Machinery rooms required by this section shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with Section 1105 for Group A1 and B1 refrigerants and in accordance with Sections 1105 and 1106 for Group A2, B2, A3 and B3 refrigerants.

Exceptions:

  1. 1.

    Machinery rooms are not required for listed equipment and appliances containing not more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of refrigerant, regardless of the refrigerant’s safety classification, where installed in accordance with the equipment’s or appliance’s listing and the equipment or appliance manufacturer’s installation instructions.

  2. 2.

    Piping in compliance with Section 1107 is allowed in other locations to connect components installed in a machinery room with those installed outdoors.

1104.2.1 Institutional occupancies.

The amounts shown in Table 1103.1 shall be reduced by 50 percent for all areas of institutional occupancies except kitchens, laboratories and mortuaries. The total of all Group A2, B2, A3 and B3 refrigerants shall not exceed 550 pounds (250 kg) in occupied areas or machinery rooms.

1104.2.2 Industrial occupancies and refrigerated rooms.

This section applies only to rooms and spaces that: are within industrial occupancies; contain a refrigerant evaporator; are maintained at temperatures below 68°F (20°C); and are used for manufacturing, food and beverage preparation, meat cutting, other processes and storage. Where a machinery room would otherwise be required by Section 1104.2, a machinery room shall not be required where all of the following conditions are met:

  1. 1.

    The space containing the machinery is separated from other occupancies by tight construction with tight-fitting doors.

  2. 2.

    Access is restricted to authorized personnel.

  3. 3.

    Refrigerant detectors are installed as required for machinery rooms in accordance with Section 1105.3.

    Exception: Refrigerant detectors are not required in unoccupied areas that contain only continuous piping that does not include valves, valve assemblies, equipment or equipment connections.

  4. 4.

    Surfaces having temperatures exceeding 800°F (427°C) and open flames are not present where any Group A2, B2, A3 or B3 refrigerant is used (see Section 1104.3.4).

  5. 5.

    All electrical equipment and appliances conform to Class I, Division 2, hazardous location classification requirements of NFPA 70 where the quantity of any Group A2, B2, A3 or B3 refrigerant in a single independent circuit would exceed 25 percent of the lower flammability limit (LFL) upon release to the space.

  6. 6.

    All refrigerant-containing parts in refrigeration systems with a total connected compressor power exceeding 100 horsepower (hp) (74.6 kW)—except evaporators used for refrigeration or dehumidification, condensers used for heating, control and pressure relief valves for either, low-probability pumps and connecting piping—are located either outdoors or in a machinery room.

1104.3 Refrigerant restrictions.

Refrigerant applications, maximum quantities and use shall be restricted in accordance with Sections 1104.3.1 through 1104.3.4.

1104.3.1 Air conditioning for human comfort.

High-probability systems used for human comfort shall use Group A1 or A2L refrigerant.

Exceptions:

  1. 1.

    Equipment listed for and used in residential occupancies containing a maximum of 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of refrigerant.

  2. 2.

    Equipment listed for and used in commercial occupancies containing a maximum of 22 pounds (10 kg) of refrigerant.

  3. 3.

    Industrial occupancies.

1104.3.2 Group A2, A3, B2 and B3 refrigerants.

Group A2 and B2 refrigerants shall not be used in high-probability systems. Group A3 and B3 refrigerants shall not be used except where approved.

Exceptions: This section does not apply to:

  1. 1.

    Laboratories where the floor area per occupant is not less than 100 square feet (9.3 m2).

  2. 2.

    Listed self-contained systems having a maximum of 0.331 pounds (150 g) of Group A3 refrigerant.

  3. 3.

    Industrial occupancies.

  4. 4.

    Equipment listed for and used in residential occupancies containing a maximum of 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of Group A2 or B2 refrigerant.

  5. 5.

    Equipment listed for and used in commercial occupancies containing a maximum of 22 pounds (10 kg) of Group A2 or B2 refrigerant.

➡

1104.3.3 All occupancies.

The total of all Group A2, B2, A3 and B3 refrigerants shall not exceed 1,100 pounds (499 kg) except where approved.

1104.3.4 Protection from refrigerant decomposition.

Where any device having an open flame or surface temperature greater than 800°F (427°C) is used in a room containing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of refrigerant in a single independent circuit, a hood and exhaust system shall be provided in accordance with Section 509. Such exhaust system shall exhaust combustion products to the outdoors.

Exception: A hood and exhaust system shall not be required where any of the following apply:

  1. 1.

    The refrigerant is R-718 (water) or R-744 (carbon dioxide).

  2. 2.

    The combustion air is ducted from the outdoors in a manner that prevents leaked refrigerant from being combusted.

  3. 3.

    A refrigerant detector is used to stop the combustion in the event of a refrigerant leak (see Sections 1105.3 and 1105.5).

1104.4 Volume calculations.

Volume calculations shall be in accordance with Sections 1104.4.1 through 1104.4.3.

1104.4.1 Noncommunicating spaces.

Where the refrigerant-containing parts of a system are located in one or more spaces that do not communicate through permanent openings or HVAC ducts, the volume of the smallest, enclosed occupied space shall be used to determine the permissible quantity of refrigerant in the system.

1104.4.2 Communicating spaces.

Where an evaporator or condenser is located in an air duct system, the volume of the smallest, enclosed occupied space served by the duct system shall be used to determine the maximum allowable quantity of refrigerant in the system.

Exception: If airflow to any enclosed space cannot be reduced below one-quarter of its maximum, the entire space served by the air duct system shall be used to determine the maximum allowable quantity of refrigerant in the system.

1104.4.3 Plenums.

Where the space above a suspended ceiling is continuous and part of the supply or return air plenum system, this space shall be included in calculating the volume of the enclosed space.

Section 1105 Machinery Room, General Requirements

[BF] 1105.1 Design and construction.

Machinery rooms shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the International Building Code and this section.

1105.2 Openings.

Ducts and air handlers in the machinery room that operate at a lower pressure than the room shall be sealed to prevent any refrigerant leakage from entering the airstream.

1105.3 Refrigerant detector.

Refrigerant detectors in machinery rooms shall be provided as required in accordance with ASHRAE 15.

1105.4 Tests.

Periodic tests of the mechanical ventilating system shall be performed in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications and as required by the code official.

1105.5 Fuel-burning appliances.

Fuel-burning appliances and equipment having open flames and that use combustion air from the machinery room shall not be installed in a machinery room.

Exceptions:

  1. 1.

    Where the refrigerant is water (R-718) or carbon dioxide (R-744).

  2. 2.

    Fuel-burning appliances shall not be prohibited in the same machinery room with refrigerant-containing equipment or appliances where combustion air is ducted from outside the machinery room and sealed in such a manner as to prevent any refrigerant leakage from entering the combustion chamber, or where a refrigerant vapor detector is employed to automatically shut off the combustion process in the event of refrigerant leakage.

1105.6 Ventilation.

Machinery rooms shall be mechanically ventilated to the outdoors.

Exception: Where a refrigerating system is located outdoors more than 20 feet (6096 mm) from any building opening and is enclosed by a penthouse, lean-to or other open structure, natural or mechanical ventilation shall be provided. Location of the openings shall be based on the relative density of the refrigerant to air. The free-aperture cross section for the ventilation of the machinery room shall be not less than:

Equation 11-1 F = G For SI : F = 0.138 G

For SI : F = 0.138 G

where:

F =

The free opening area in square feet (m2).

G =

The mass of refrigerant in pounds (kg) in the largest system, any part of which is located in the machinery room.

1105.6.1 Discharge location.

The discharge of the air shall be to the outdoors in accordance with Chapter 5. Exhaust from mechanical ventilation systems shall be discharged not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from a property line or openings into buildings.

1105.6.1.1 Indoor exhaust opening location.

Indoor mechanical exhaust intake openings shall be located where refrigerant leakage is likely to concentrate based on the refrigerant’s relative density to air, and the locations of the air current paths and refrigerating machinery.

1105.6.2 Makeup air.

Provisions shall be made for makeup air to replace that being exhausted. Openings for makeup air shall be located to avoid intake of exhaust air. Supply and exhaust ducts to the machinery room shall not serve any other area, shall be constructed in accordance with Chapter 5 and shall be covered with corrosion-resistant screen of not less than 1/4-inch (6.4 mm) mesh.

1105.6.3 Ventilation rate.

Mechanical ventilation systems shall be capable of exhausting the minimum quantity of air both at normal operating and emergency conditions, as required by Sections 1105.6.3.1 and 1105.6.3.2. Multiple fans or multispeed fans shall be allowed to produce the emergency ventilation rate and to obtain a reduced airflow for normal ventilation.

1105.6.3.1 Quantity—normal ventilation.

During occupied conditions, the mechanical ventilation system shall exhaust the larger of the following:

  1. 1.

    Not less than 0.5 cfm per square foot (0.0025 m3/s × m2) of machinery room area or 20 cfm (0.009 m3/s) per person.

  2. 2.

    A volume required to limit the room temperature rise to 18°F (10°C) taking into account the ambient heating effect of all machinery in the room.

1105.6.3.2 Quantity—emergency conditions.

Upon actuation of the refrigerant detector required in Section 1105.3, the mechanical ventilation system shall exhaust air from the machinery room in the following quantity:

Equation 11-2 Q = 100 × G For SI : Q = 0.07 × G

For SI : Q = 0.07 × G

where:

Q =

The airflow in cubic feet per minute (m3/s).

G =

The design mass of refrigerant in pounds (kg) in the largest system, any part of which is located in the machinery room.

1105.7 Termination of relief devices.

Pressure relief devices, fusible plugs and purge systems located within the machinery room shall terminate outside of the structure at a location not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the adjoining grade level and not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from any window, ventilation opening or exit.

[F] 1105.8 Emergency pressure control system.

Emergency pressure control systems shall be provided in accordance with Section 608.11 of the International Fire Code.

[BE] 1105.9 Means of egress.

Machinery rooms larger than 1,000 square feet (93 m2) shall have not less than two exits or exit access doorways. Where two exit access doorways are required, one such doorway is permitted to be served by a fixed ladder or an alternating tread device. Exit access doorways shall be separated by a horizontal distance equal to one-half the maximum horizontal dimension of the room. All portions of machinery rooms shall be within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of an exit or exit access doorway. An increase in exit access travel distance is permitted in accordance with Section 1017.1 of the International Building Code. Exit and exit access doorways shall swing in the direction of egress travel and shall be equipped with panic hardware, regardless of the occupant load served. Exit and exit access doorways shall be tight fitting and self-closing.

Section 1106 Machinery Room, Special Requirements

1106.1 General.

Where required by Section 1104.2, the machinery room shall meet the requirements of this section in addition to the requirements of Section 1105.

1106.2 Elevated temperature.

There shall not be an open flame-producing device or continuously operating hot surface over 800°F (427°C) permanently installed in the room.

1106.3 Class 2 and 3 refrigerants.

Where refrigerants of Groups A2, A3, B2 and B3 are used, the machinery room shall conform to the Class I, Division 2, hazardous location classification requirements of NFPA 70.

1106.4 Group A2L and B2L refrigerants.

Machinery rooms for Group A2L and B2L refrigerants shall comply with Sections 1106.4.1 through 1106.4.3.

➡

1106.4.1 Elevated temperatures.

Open flame-producing devices or continuously operating hot surfaces over 1290°F (700°C) shall not be permanently installed in the room.

1106.4.2 Refrigerant detector.

In addition to the requirements of Section 1105.3, refrigerant detectors shall signal an alarm and activate the ventilation system in accordance with the response time specified in Table 1106.4.2.

➡

Table 1106.4.2 GROUP A2L AND B2L DETECTOR ACTIVATION

ACTIVATION LEVEL

MAXIMUM RESPONSE TIME (seconds)

ASHRAE 15 VENTILATION (seconds)

ALARM RESET

ALARM TYPE

Less than or equal to the OEL in Table 1103.1

300

1

Automatic

Trouble

Less than or equal to the refrigerant concentration level in Table 1103.1

15

2

Manual

Emergency

1106.4.3 Mechanical ventilation.

The machinery room shall have a mechanical ventilation system complying with ASHRAE 15.

[F] 1106.5 Remote controls.

Remote control of the mechanical equipment and appliances located in the machinery room shall comply with Sections 1106.5.1 and 1106.5.2.

[F] 1106.5.1 Refrigeration system emergency shutoff.

A clearly identified switch of the break-glass type or with an approved tamper-resistant cover shall provide off-only control of refrigerant compressors, refrigerant pumps, and normally closed, automatic refrigerant valves located in the machinery room. Additionally, this equipment shall be automatically shut off whenever the refrigerant vapor concentration in the machinery room exceeds the vapor detector’s upper detection limit or 25 percent of the LEL, whichever is lower.

[F] 1106.5.2 Ventilation system.

A clearly identified switch of the break-glass type or with an approved tamper-resistant cover shall provide on-only control of the machinery room ventilation fans.

1106.6 Emergency signs and labels.

Refrigeration units and systems shall be provided with approved signs, charts, and labels in accordance with ASHRAE 15.

Section 1107 Piping Material

1107.1 Piping.

Refrigerant piping material shall conform to the requirements in this section.

1107.2 Used materials.

Used pipe, fittings, valves and other materials that are to be reused shall be clean and free from foreign materials and shall be approved for reuse.

1107.3 Materials rating.

Materials, joints and connections shall be rated for the operating temperature and pressure of the refrigeration system. Materials shall be suitable for the type of refrigerant and type of lubricant in the refrigeration system. Magnesium alloys shall not be used in contact with any halogenated refrigerants. Aluminum, zinc, magnesium and their alloys shall not be used in contact with R-40 (methyl chloride).

1107.4 Piping materials standards.

Refrigerant pipe shall conform to one or more of the standards listed in Table 1107.4. For refrigeration systems used in residential occupancies serving only a single dwelling unit or sleeping unit, refrigerant piping and tubing shall be limited to aluminum, copper, and copper alloy. The exterior of the pipe shall be protected from corrosion and degradation.

TABLE 1107.4 REFRIGERANT PIPE

PIPING MATERIAL

STANDARD

Aluminum tube

ASTM B210, ASTM B491/B491M

Brass (copper alloy) pipe

ASTM B43

Copper linesets

ASTM B280, ASTM B1003

Copper pipe

ASTM B42, ASTM B302

Copper tubea

ASTM B68, ASTM B75, ASTM B88, ASTM B280, ASTM B819

Steel pipeb

ASTM A53, ASTM A106 , ASTM A333

Steel tube

ASTM A254, ASTM A334
  1. a.

    Soft annealed copper tubing larger than 1 3/8 inch (35 mm) O.D. shall not be used for field-assembled refrigerant piping unless it is protected from mechanical damage.

  2. b.

    ASTM A53, Type F steel pipe shall only be permitted for discharge lines in pressure relief systems.

1107.4.1 Steel pipe Groups A2, A3, B2 and B3.

The minimum weight of steel pipe for Group A2, A3, B2 and B3 refrigerants shall be Schedule 80 for sizes 1 1/2 inches or less in diameter.

1107.5 Pipe fittings.

Refrigerant pipe fittings shall be approved for installation with the piping materials to be installed, and shall conform to one of more of the standards listed in Table 1107.5 or shall be listed and labeled as complying with UL 207. For refrigeration systems used in residential occupancies serving only a single dwelling unit or sleeping unit, refrigerant fittings shall be limited to aluminum, copper, copper alloys, stainless steel, and steel.

TABLE 1107.5 REFRIGERANT PIPE FITTINGS

FITTING MATERIAL

STANDARD

Aluminum

ASTM B361

➡

Copper and copper alloy (brass)

ASME B16.15, ASME B16.18, ASME B16.22, ASME B16.24, ASME B16.26, ASME B16.50

Steel

ASTM A105, ASTM A181, ASTM A193, ASTM A234, ASTM A420, ASTM A707
1107.5.1 Copper brazed field swaged.

The minimum and maximum cup depth of field-fabricated copper brazed swaged fitting connections shall comply with Table 1107.5.1.

TABLE 1107.5.1 COPPER BRAZED SWAGED CUP DEPTHS

FITTING SIZE (inch)

MINIMUM DEPTH (inch)

MAXIMUM DEPTH (inch)

1/8

0.15

0.23

3/16

0.16

0.24

1/4

0.17

0.26

3/8

0.20

0.30

1/2

0.22

0.33

5/8

0.24

0.36

3/4

0.25

0.38

1

0.28

0.42

1 1/4

0.31

0.47

1 1/2

0.34

0.51

2

0.40

0.60

2 1/2

0.47

0.71

3

0.53

0.80

3 1/2

0.59

0.89

4

0.64

0.96

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

1107.6 Valves.

Valves shall be of materials that are compatible with the type of piping material, refrigerants and oils in the refrigeration system. Valves shall be listed and labeled and rated for the temperatures and pressures of the refrigeration systems in which the valves are installed.

1107.7 Flexible connectors, expansion and vibration compensators.

Flexible connectors and expansion and vibration control devices shall be listed and labeled for use in refrigeration systems and pressures at which the components are installed.

Section 1108 Joints and Connections

1108.1 Approval.

Joints and connections shall be of an approved type. Joints and connections shall be tight for the pressure of the refrigeration system when tested in accordance with Section 1110.

1108.1.1 Joints between different piping materials.

Joints between different piping materials shall be made with approved adapter fittings. Joints between dissimilar metallic piping materials shall be made with a dielectric fitting or a dielectric union conforming to dielectric tests of ASSE 1079. Adapter fittings with threaded ends between different materials shall be joined with thread lubricant in accordance with Section 1108.3.4.

1108.2 Preparation of pipe ends.

Pipe shall be cut square, reamed and chamfered, and shall be free from burrs and obstructions. Pipe ends shall have full-bore openings and shall not be undercut.

1108.3 Joint preparation and installation.

Where required by Sections 1108.4 through 1108.8, the preparation and installation of brazed, flared, mechanical, press-connect, soldered, threaded and welded joints shall comply with Sections 1108.3.1 through 1108.3.5.

1108.3.1 Brazed joints.

Joint surfaces shall be cleaned. An approved flux shall be applied where required by the braze filler metal manufacturer. The piping being brazed shall be purged of air to remove the oxygen and filled with one of the following inert gases: oxygen-free nitrogen, helium or argon. The piping system shall be prepurged with an inert gas for a minimum time corresponding to five volume changes through the piping system prior to brazing. The pre-purge rate shall be at a minimum velocity of 100 feet per minute (0.508 m/s). The inert gas shall be directly connected to the tube system being brazed to prevent the entrainment of ambient air. After the pre-purge, the inert gas supply shall be maintained through the piping during the brazing operation at a minimum pressure of 1.0 psi (6.89 kPa) and a maximum pressure of 3.0 psi (20.67 kPa). The joint shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5.8.

1108.3.2 Mechanical joints.

Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

1108.3.2.1 Flared joints.

Flared fittings shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The flared fitting shall be used with the tube material specified by the fitting manufacturer. The flared tube end shall be made by a tool designed for that operation.

1108.3.2.2 Press-connect joints.

Press-connect joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

1108.3.3 Soldered joints.

Joint surfaces to be soldered shall be cleaned and a flux conforming to ASTM B813 shall be applied. The joint shall be soldered with a solder conforming to ASTM B32. Solder joints shall be limited to refrigeration systems using Group A1 refrigerant and having a pressure of less than or equal to 200 psi (1378 kPa).

1108.3.4 Threaded joints.

Threads shall conform to ASME B1.1, ASME B1.13M, ASME B1.20.1 or ASME B1.20.3. Thread lubricant, pipe-joint compound or thread tape shall be applied on the external threads only and shall be approved for application on the piping material.

1108.3.5 Welded joints.

Joint surfaces to be welded shall be cleaned by an approved procedure. Joints shall be welded with an approved filler metal.

1108.4 Aluminum tube.

Joints between aluminum tubing or fittings shall be brazed, mechanical, press-connect or welded joints conforming to Section 1108.3.

➡

1108.5 Copper pipe.

Joints between copper or copper-alloy pipe or fittings shall be brazed, mechanical, press-connect, soldered, threaded or welded joints conforming to Section 1108.3.

1108.6 Copper tube.

Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing or fittings shall be brazed, flared, mechanical, press-connect or soldered joints.

1108.7 Steel pipe.

Joints between steel pipe or fittings shall be mechanical joints, threaded, press-connect or welded joints conforming to Section 1108.3.

1108.8 Steel tube.

Joints between steel tubing or fittings shall be flared, mechanical, press-connect or welded joints conforming to Section 1108.3.

Section 1109 Refrigerant Pipe Installation

1109.1 General.

Refrigerant piping installations shall comply with the requirements of this section. The design of refrigerant piping shall be in accordance with ASME B31.5.

1109.2 Piping location.

Refrigerant piping shall comply with the installation location requirements of Sections 1109.2.1 through 1109.2.7. Refrigerant piping for Groups A2L and B2L shall also comply with the requirements of Section 1109.3. Refrigerant piping for Groups A2, A3, B2 and B3 shall also comply with the requirements of Section 1109.4.

1109.2.1 Minimum height.

Exposed refrigerant piping installed in open spaces that afford passage shall be not less than 7 feet 3 inches (2210 mm) above the finished floor.

1109.2.2 Refrigerant pipe enclosure.

Refrigerant piping shall be protected by locating it within the building elements or within protective enclosures.

Exception: Piping protection within the building elements or protective enclosure shall not be required in any of the following locations:

  1. 1.

    Where installed without ready access or located more than 7 feet 3 inches (2210 mm) above the finished floor.

  2. 2.

    Where located within 6 feet (1829 mm) of the refrigerant unit or appliance.

  3. 3.

    Where located in a machinery room complying with Section 1105.

  4. 4.

    Outside the building:

    1. 4.1.

      Where protected from damage from the weather, including but not limited to hail, ice and snow loads.

    2. 4.2.

      Where protected from damage within the expected foot or traffic path.

    3. 4.3.

      Where installed underground not less than 8 inches (200 mm) below finished grade and protected against corrosion.

1109.2.3 Prohibited locations.

Refrigerant piping shall not be installed in any of the following locations:

  1. 1.

    Exposed within a fire-resistance-rated exit access corridor.

  2. 2.

    Exposed within an interior exit stairway.

  3. 3.

    Within an interior exit ramp.

  4. 4.

    Within an exit passageway.

  5. 5.

    Within an elevator, dumbwaiter or other shaft containing a moving object.

1109.2.4 Piping in concrete floors.

Refrigerant piping installed in concrete floors shall be encased in pipe, conduit or ducts. The piping shall be protected to prevent damage from vibration, stress and corrosion.

1109.2.5 Refrigerant pipe shafts.

Refrigerant piping that penetrates two or more floor/ceiling assemblies shall be enclosed in a fire-resistance-rated shaft enclosure. The fire-resistance-rated shaft enclosure shall comply with Section 713 of the International Building Code.

Exceptions:

  1. 1.

    Refrigeration systems using R-718 refrigerant (water).

  2. 2.

    Piping in a direct refrigeration system where the refrigerant quantity does not exceed the limits of Table 1103.1 for the smallest occupied space through which the piping passes.

  3. 3.

    Piping located on the exterior of the building where vented to the outdoors.

1109.2.6 Exposed piping surface temperature.

Exposed piping having surface temperatures greater than 120°F (49°C) or less than 5°F (-15°C) with ready access to nonauthorized personnel shall be protected from contact or shall have thermal insulation that limits the exposed insulation surface temperature to a range of 5°F (-15°C) to 120°F (49°C).

1109.2.7 Pipe identification.

Refrigerant pipe located in areas other than the room or space where the refrigerating equipment is located shall be identified. The pipe identification shall be located at intervals not exceeding 20 feet (6096 mm) on the refrigerant piping or pipe insulation. The minimum height of lettering of the identification label shall be 1/2 inch (12.7 mm). The identification shall indicate the refrigerant designation and safety group classification of refrigerant used in the piping system. For Group A2L and B2L refrigerants, the identification shall also include the following statement: “WARNING—Risk of Fire. Flammable Refrigerant.” For Group A2, A3, B2 and B3 refrigerants, the identification shall also include the following statement: “DANGER—Risk of Fire or Explosion. Flammable Refrigerant.” For any Group B refrigerant, the identification shall also include the following statement: “DANGER—Toxic Refrigerant.”

1109.3 Installation requirements for Group A2L, A2, A3, B2L, B2 or B3 refrigerant.

Piping systems using Group A2L, A2, A3, B2L, B2 or B3 refrigerant shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1109.3.1 and 1109.3.2.

1109.3.1 Protection against physical damage.

In addition to the requirements of Section 305.5, aluminum, copper and steel tube used for Group A2, A3, B2 and B3 refrigerants and located in concealed locations where tubing is installed in studs, joists, rafters or similar member spaces, and located less than 1 1/4 inches (32 mm) from the nearest edge of the member, shall be continuously protected by shield plates. Protective steel shield plates shall cover the area of the tube plus the area extending not less than 2 inches (51 mm) beyond both sides of the tube.

1109.3.1.1 Shield plates.

Shield plates shall be of steel material having a thickness of not less than 0.0575 inch (1.46 mm) (No. 16 gage).

1109.3.2 Shaft ventilation.

Required refrigerant pipe shafts with systems using Group A2L or B2L refrigerant shall be naturally or mechanically ventilated. Refrigerant pipe shafts with one or more systems using any Group A2, A3, B2 or B3 refrigerant shall be continuously mechanically ventilated and shall include a refrigerant detector. The shaft ventilation exhaust outlet shall comply with Section 501.3.1. Naturally ventilated shafts shall have a pipe, duct or conduit not less than 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter that connects to the lowest point of the shaft and extends to the outdoors. The pipe, duct or conduit shall be level or pitched downward to the outdoors. Mechanically ventilated shafts shall have a minimum airflow velocity in accordance with Table 1109.3.2. The mechanical ventilation shall be continuously operated or activated by a refrigerant detector. Systems utilizing a refrigerant detector shall activate the mechanical ventilation at a maximum refrigerant concentration of 25 percent of the lower flammable limit of the refrigerant. The detector, or a sampling tube that draws air to the detector, shall be located in an area where refrigerant from a leak will concentrate. The shaft shall not be required to be ventilated for double-wall refrigerant pipe where the interstitial space of the double-wall pipe is vented to the outdoors. For refrigeration systems used in residential occupancies serving only a single dwelling unit or sleeping unit, shaft ventilation shall not be required where the pipe or tube is continuous without fittings in the shaft.

TABLE 1109.3.2 SHAFT VENTILATION VELOCITY

CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF SHAFT (square inches)

MINIMUM VENTILATION VELOCITY (feet per minute)

≤ 20

100

> 20 ≤ 250

200

> 250 ≤ 1,250

300

> 1,250

400

For SI: 1 square inch = 645 mm2, 1 foot per minute = 0.0058 m/s.

➡

1109.4 Refrigerant pipe penetrations.

The annular space between the outside of a refrigerant pipe and the inside of a pipe sleeve or opening in a building envelope wall, floor or ceiling assembly penetrated by a refrigerant pipe shall be sealed in an approved manner with caulking material or foam sealant or closed with a gasketing system. The caulking material, foam sealant or gasketing system shall be designed for the conditions at the penetration location and shall be compatible with the pipe, sleeve and building materials in contact with the sealing materials. Refrigerant pipes penetrating fire-resistance-rated assemblies or membranes of fire-resistance-rated assemblies shall be sealed or closed in accordance with Section 714 of the International Building Code.

1109.5 Stress and strain.

Refrigerant piping shall be installed so as to prevent strains and stresses that exceed the structural strength of the pipe. Where necessary, provisions shall be made to protect piping from damage resulting from vibration, expansion, contraction and structural settlement.

➡

1109.6 Stop valves.

Stop valves shall be installed in specified locations in accordance with Sections 1109.6.1 and 1109.6.2. Stop valves shall be supported in accordance with Section 1109.6.3 and identified in accordance with Section 1109.6.4.

Exceptions:

  1. 1.

    Systems that have a refrigerant pumpout function capable of storing the entire refrigerant charge in a receiver or heat exchanger.

  2. 2.

    Systems that are equipped with provisions for pumping out the refrigerant using either portable or permanently installed refrigerant recovery equipment.

  3. 3.

    Self-contained listed and labeled systems.

1109.6.1 Refrigeration systems containing more than 6.6 pounds (3.0 kg) of refrigerant.

Stop valves shall be installed in the following locations on refrigeration systems containing more than 6.6 pounds (3.0 kg) of refrigerant:

  1. 1.

    The suction inlet of each compressor, compressor unit or condensing unit.

  2. 2.

    The discharge outlet of each compressor, compressor unit or condensing unit.

  3. 3.

    The outlet of each liquid receiver.

1109.6.2 Refrigeration systems containing more than 100 pounds (45 kg) of refrigerant.

In addition to stop valves required by Section 1109.6.1, refrigeration systems containing more than 100 pounds (45 kg) of refrigerant shall have stop valves installed in the following locations:

  1. 1.

    Each inlet of each liquid receiver.

  2. 2.

    Each inlet and each outlet of each condenser where more than one condenser is used in parallel.

Exceptions:

  1. 1.

    Stop valves shall not be required at the inlet of a receiver in a condensing unit nor at the inlet of a receiver that is an integral part of the condenser.

  2. 2.

    Refrigeration systems utilizing nonpositive displacement compressors.

1109.6.3 Stop valve support.

Stop valves shall be supported to prevent detrimental stress and strain on the refrigerant piping system. The piping system shall not be utilized to support stop valves on copper tubing or aluminum tubing 1 inch (25.4 mm) outside diameter or larger.

1109.6.4 Identification.

Stop valves shall be identified where their intended purpose is not obvious. Where valves are identified by a numbering or lettering system, legend(s) or key(s) for the valve identification shall be located in the room containing the indoor refrigeration equipment. The minimum height of lettering of the identification label shall be 1/2 inch (12.7 mm).

Section 1110 Refrigeration Piping System Test

1110.1 General.

Refrigerant piping systems that are erected in the field shall be pressure tested for strength and leak tested for tightness, in accordance with the requirements of this section, after installation and before being placed in operation. Tests shall include both the high- and low-pressure sides of each system.

Exception: Listed and labeled equipment, including compressors, condensers, vessels, evaporators, gas bulk storage tanks, safety devices, pressure gauges and control mechanisms, shall not be required to be tested.

1110.2 Exposure of refrigerant piping system.

Refrigerant pipe and joints installed in the field shall be exposed for visual inspection and testing prior to being covered or enclosed.

1110.3 Field test gases.

The medium used for field pressure testing the refrigeration system shall be one of the following inert gases: oxygen-free nitrogen, helium argon or premixed nonflammable oxygen-free nitrogen with a tracer gas of hydrogen or helium. For R-744 refrigeration systems, carbon dioxide shall be allowed as the test medium. For R-718 refrigeration systems, water shall be allowed as the test medium.

1110.3.1 Test gases not permitted.

Oxygen, air, refrigerants other than those identified in Section 1110.3, combustible gases and mixtures containing such gases shall not be used as the pressure test medium.

1110.4 Factory test procedure.

Factory tests shall be performed with dry nitrogen or other nonflammable, nonreactive, dried gas. Oxygen, air or mixtures containing them shall not be used. The means used to build up the test pressure shall have either a pressure-limiting device or a pressure-reducing device and a gauge on the outlet side. The pressure-relief device shall be set above the test pressure but low enough to prevent permanent deformation of the refrigeration system’s components.

Exceptions:

  1. 1.

    Mixtures of dry nitrogen, inert gases or a combination of them with Class 1 refrigerant in concentrations of a refrigerant weight fraction (mass fraction) not exceeding 5 percent shall be permitted for tests.

  2. 2.

    Mixtures of dry nitrogen, inert gases or a combination of them with Class 2L, Class 2 and Class 3 refrigerants in concentrations not exceeding the lower of a refrigerant weight fraction (mass fraction) of 5 percent or 25 percent of the LFL shall be permitted for tests.

  3. 3.

    Compressed air without added refrigerants shall be permitted for tests, provided that the refrigeration system is subsequently evacuated to less than 1,000 microns (0.1333 kPa) before charging with refrigerant. The required evacuation level is atmospheric pressure for refrigeration systems using R-718 (water) or R-744 (carbon dioxide) as the refrigerant.

  4. 4.

    Systems erected on the premises using Group A1 refrigerant and with copper tubing not exceeding 0.62 of an inch (15.7 mm) outside diameter shall be tested by means of the refrigerant charged into the system at the saturated vapor pressure of the refrigerant at not less than 68°F (20°C).

1110.5 Test apparatus.

The means used to pressurize the refrigerant piping system shall have on its outlet side a test pressure measuring device and either a pressure-limiting device or a pressure-reducing device. The test pressure measuring device shall have an accuracy of ±3 percent or less of the test pressure and shall have a resolution of 5 percent or less of the test pressure.

➡

1110.6 Piping system strength test.

Refrigeration system components and refrigerant piping shall be tested in accordance with ASME B31.5 or this section. Separate tests for isolated portions of the system are permitted, provided that all required portions are tested at least once. Pressurize with test gas for a minimum of 10 minutes to not less than the lower of (a) the lowest design pressure for any system component or (b) the lowest value of set pressure for any pressure relief devices in the system. The design pressures for determination of test pressure shall be the pressure identified on the label nameplate of the condensing unit, compressor, compressor unit, pressure vessel or other system component with a nameplate. A passing test result shall have no rupture or structural failure of any system component or refrigerant piping.

Refrigerant piping and tubing greater than 3/4 inch (19 mm) in diameter shall be tested in accordance with ASHRAE 15.

➡

1110.7 Contractor or engineer declaration.

The installing contractor or registered design professional of record shall issue a certificate of test to the code official for all refrigeration systems containing 55 pounds (25 kg) or more of refrigerant. The certificate shall give the test date, name of the refrigerant, test medium and the field test pressure applied to the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side of the refrigeration system. The certification of test shall be signed by the installing contractor or registered design professional and shall be made part of the public record.

[F] Section 1111 Periodic Testing

[F] 1111.1 Testing required.

The following emergency devices and systems shall be periodically tested in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and as required by the code official:

  1. 1.

    Treatment and flaring systems.

  2. 2.

    Valves and appurtenances necessary to the operation of emergency refrigeration control boxes.

  3. 3.

    Fans and associated equipment intended to operate emergency ventilation systems.

  4. 4.

    Detection and alarm systems.

Source and transcript record

Record Georgia · 2024 IMC · Chapter 11 Refrigeration

Effective January 1, 2026 · source captured Aug 30, 2026

Transcript SHA-256 b8ffe7e8d9b35c30b3291f59eaa8614c6760ad77c7af570313c97bb9209e3e73 · text SHA-256 72ca2164d69b55f9b4a0887cd74cc047b795293b1913d0d0dead7121c8eafd62

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