Chapter 3 General Compliance
Section 300 Scope
[A] 300.1 Scope.
The provisions of this code shall apply to the construction, alteration, movement, renovation, replacement, repair and maintenance of aquatic recreation facilities, pools and spas. The pools and spas covered by this code are either permanent or temporary and shall be only those that are designed and manufactured to be connected to a circulation system and that are intended for swimming, bathing or wading.
300.1.1 Flotation tanks.
Flotation tank systems intended for sensory deprivation therapy shall not be included in the scope of this code.
[A] 300.2 General.
Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall govern. Where, in any specific case, different sections of this code specify different materials, methods of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall govern.
[A] 300.3 Existing installations.
Any pool or spa and related mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems lawfully in existence at the time of the adoption of this code shall be permitted to have their use and maintenance continued if the use, maintenance or repair is in accordance with the original design and no hazard to life, health or property is created.
[A] 300.4 Maintenance.
Pools and spas and related mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems, both existing and new, and parts thereof, shall be maintained in proper operating condition in accordance with the original design in a safe and sanitary condition. Devices or safeguards that are required by this code shall be maintained in compliance with the edition of the code under which they were installed.
The owner or the owner's authorized agent shall be responsible for maintenance of systems. To determine compliance with this provision, the code official shall have the authority to require any system to be reinspected.
[A] 300.5 Additions, alterations or repairs.
Additions, alterations, renovations or repairs to any pools, spas or related system shall conform to that required for a new system without requiring the existing system to comply with all the requirements of this code. Additions, alterations or repairs shall not cause an existing system to become unsafe, insanitary or overloaded.
Minor additions, alterations, renovations and repairs to existing systems shall meet the provisions for new construction, unless such work is done in the same manner and arrangement as was in the existing system, is not hazardous and is approved.
[A] 300.6 Historic buildings.
The provisions of this code relating to the construction, alteration, repair, enlargement, restoration, relocation or moving of pools, spas or systems shall not be mandatory for existing pools, spas or systems identified and classified by the state or local jurisdiction as part of a historic structure where such pools, spas or systems are judged by the code official to be safe and in the public interest of health, safety and welfare regarding any proposed construction, alteration, repair, enlargement, restoration, relocation or moving of such pool or spa.
[A] 300.8 Referenced codes and standards.
The codes and standards referenced in this code shall be those that are listed in Chapter 11 and such codes and standards shall be considered as to be part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference. Where differences occur between provisions of this code and the referenced standards, the provisions of this code shall be the minimum requirements.
[A] 300.8.1 Application of the International Codes.
Where the International Residential Code is referenced in this code, the provisions of the International Residential Code shall apply to related systems in detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses not more than three stories in height. Other related systems shall comply with the applicable International Code or referenced standard.
[A] 300.9 Requirements not covered by code.
Any requirements necessary for the strength, stability or proper operation of an existing or proposed system, or for the public safety, health and general welfare, not specifically covered by this code shall be determined by the code official.
[A] 300.10 Other laws.
The provisions of this code shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state or federal law.
[A] 300.11 Application of references.
Reference to chapter section numbers, or to provisions not specifically identified by number, shall be construed to refer to such chapter, section or provision of this code.
Section 301 General
301.1 Scope.
The provisions of this chapter shall govern the general design and construction of public and residential pools and spas and related piping, equipment, and materials. Provisions that are unique to a specific type of pool or spa are located in Chapters 4 through 10.
Section 302 Electrical, Plumbing, Mechanical and Fuel Gas Requirements
302.3 Pipe, fittings and components.
Pipe, fittings and components shall be listed and labeled in accordance with NSF 50 or NSF 14. Plastic jets, fittings, and outlets used in public spas shall be listed and labeled in accordance with NSF 50.
302.3.1 Suction outlet fitting assembly sumps.
This section has been deleted.
➡
302.4 Concealed piping inspection.
Piping, including process piping, that is installed in trenches, shall be inspected prior to backfilling.
302.6 Wastewater discharge.
Where wastewater from pools or spas, such as backwash water from filters and water from deck drains discharge to a building drainage system, the connection shall be through an air gap in accordance with the International Plumbing Code or the International Residential Code as applicable in accordance with Section 102.7.1.
302.7 Tests.
Tests on water piping systems constructed of plastic piping shall not use compressed air for the test.
302.8 Maintenance.
Pools and spas shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition, and in good repair.
302.8.1 Manuals.
An operating and maintenance manual in accordance with industry-accepted standards shall be provided for each piece of equipment requiring maintenance.
Section 303 Energy
303.1 Energy consumption of pools and permanent spas.
The energy consumption of pools and permanent spas shall be controlled by the requirements in Sections 303.1.1 through 303.1.3.
303.1.1 Heaters.
The electric power to heaters shall be controlled by an on-off switch with ready access that is an integral part of the heater, mounted on the exterior of the heater or external to and within 3 feet (914 mm) of the heater. Operation of such switch shall not change the setting of the heater thermostat. Such switches shall be in addition to a circuit breaker for the power to the heater. Gas-fired heaters shall not be equipped with continuously burning ignition pilots.
303.1.2 Time switches.
Time switches or other control methods that can automatically turn off and on heaters and pump motors according to a preset schedule shall be installed for heaters and pump motors. Heaters and pump motors that have built-in time switches shall be in compliance with this section.
Exceptions:
- 1.
Where public health standards require 24-hour pump operation.
- 2.
Pumps that operate solar- or waste-heat recovery pool heating systems.
303.1.3 Covers.
Outdoor heated pools and outdoor permanent spas shall be provided with a vapor-retardant cover or other approved vapor-retardant means in accordance with Section 104.9.1.
Exception: Where more than 75 percent of the energy for heating, computed over an operating season of not fewer than 3 calendar months, is from a heat pump or an on-site renewable energy system, covers or other vapor-retardant means shall not be required.
Section 304 Flood Hazard Areas
[BS] 304.2 Determination of impacts based on location.
Pools and spas located in flood hazard areas indicated within the International Building Code or the International Residential Code shall comply with Section 304.2.1 or 304.2.2.
Exception: Pools and spas located in riverine flood hazard areas that are outside of designated floodways and pools and spas located in flood hazard areas where the source of flooding is tides, storm surges or coastal storms.
[BS] 304.2.1 Pools and spas located in designated floodways.
Where pools and spas are located in designated floodways, documentation shall be submitted to the code official that demonstrates that the construction of the pools and spas will not increase the design flood elevation at any point within the jurisdiction.
[BS] 304.2.2 Pools and spas located where floodways have not been designated.
Where pools and spas are located where design flood elevations are specified but floodways have not been designated, the applicant shall provide a floodway analysis that demonstrates that the proposed pool or spa and any associated grading and filling, will not increase the design flood elevation more than 1 foot (305 mm) at any point within the jurisdiction.
[BS] 304.4 Protection of equipment.
Equipment shall be elevated to or above the design flood elevation.
Exception: Equipment for pools, spas and water features shall be permitted below the required elevation provided that the equipment is elevated to the highest extent practical, is anchored to prevent flotation and resist flood forces, and is protected to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the components during conditions of flooding.
304.5 GFCI protection.
Electrical equipment installed below the design flood elevation shall be supplied by branch circuits that have ground-fault circuit interrupter protection for personnel.
Section 305 Barrier Requirements
305.1 General.
The provisions of this section shall apply to the design of barriers for restricting entry into areas having pools and spas. Where spas or hot tubs are equipped with a lockable safety cover complying with ASTM F1346 and swimming pools are equipped with a powered safety cover that complies with ASTM F1346, the areas where those spas, hot tubs or pools are located shall not be required to comply with Sections 305.2 through 305.7.
305.2 Outdoor swimming pools and spas.
Outdoor pools and spas and indoor swimming pools shall be surrounded by a barrier that complies with Sections 305.2.1 through 305.7.
305.2.1 Barrier height and clearances.
Barrier heights and clearances shall be in accordance with all of the following:
- 1.
The top of the barrier shall be not less than 48 inches (1219 mm) above grade where measured on the side of the barrier that faces away from the pool or spa. Such height shall exist around the entire perimeter of the barrier and for a distance of 3 feet (914 mm) measured horizontally from the outside of the required barrier.
- 2.
The vertical clearance between grade and the bottom of the barrier shall not exceed 2 inches (51 mm) for grade surfaces that are not solid, such as grass or gravel, where measured on the side of the barrier that faces away from the pool or spa.
- 3.
The vertical clearance between a surface below the barrier to a solid surface, such as concrete, and the bottom of the required barrier shall not exceed 4 inches (102 mm) where measured on the side of the required barrier that faces away from the pool or spa.
- 4.
Where the top of the pool or spa structure is above grade, the barrier shall be installed on grade or shall be mounted on top of the pool or spa structure. Where the barrier is mounted on the top of the pool or spa, the vertical clearance between the top of the pool or spa and the bottom of the barrier shall not exceed 4 inches (102 mm).
305.2.2 Openings.
Openings in the barrier shall not allow passage of a 4-inch-diameter (102 mm) sphere.
305.2.3 Solid barrier surfaces.
Solid barriers that do not have openings shall not contain indentations or protrusions that form handholds and footholds, except for normal construction tolerances and tooled masonry joints.
305.2.4 Screen enclosure as a barrier.
A swimming pool screen enclosure shall be permitted to be utilized as part, or all, of a required barrier provided that the enclosure complies with the requirements of Section 305.2. Such screen enclosures shall be designed by a registered design professional. Walls of such screen enclosures shall not be considered to be dwelling walls.
305.2.4.1 Mesh for screen enclosures.
The mesh utilized in the barrier portion of the screen enclosure shall have a tensile strength of not less than 100 pounds per square foot (20.5 kg/m2) when tested in accordance with ASTM D5034 and a ball burst strength of not less than 150 pounds per square foot (30.7 kg/m2) when tested in accordance with ASTM D3787.
305.2.5 Mesh fence as a barrier.
Mesh fences, other than chain link fences in accordance with Section 305.2.8, shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and shall comply with ASTM F2286 and with both of the following:
➡
- 1.
- 2.
Mesh fences shall not be installed on top of onground residential pools.
305.2.5.1 Setback for mesh fences.
The inside of a mesh fence shall be not closer than 20 inches (508 mm) to the nearest edge of the water of a pool or spa.
305.2.6 Closely spaced horizontal members.
Where the barrier is composed of horizontal and vertical members and the distance between the tops of the horizontal members is less than 45 inches (1143 mm), the horizontal members shall be located on the pool or spa side of the fence. Spacing between vertical members shall not exceed 1 3/4 inches (44 mm) in width. Where there are decorative cutouts within vertical members, spacing within the cutouts shall not exceed 1 3/4 inches (44 mm) in width.
305.2.7 Widely spaced horizontal members.
Where the barrier is composed of horizontal and vertical members and the distance between the tops of the horizontal members is 45 inches (1143 mm) or more, spacing between vertical members shall not exceed 4 inches (102 mm). Where there are decorative cutouts within vertical members, the interior width of the cutouts shall not exceed 1 3/4 inches (44 mm).
305.2.8 Chain link dimensions.
The maximum opening formed by a chain link fence shall be not more than 1 3/4 inches (44 mm). Where the fence is provided with slats fastened at the top and bottom that reduce the openings, such openings shall be not greater than 1 3/4 inches (44 mm).
305.2.9 Diagonal members.
Where the barrier is composed of diagonal members, the maximum opening formed by the diagonal members shall be not greater than 1 3/4 inches (44 mm). The angle of diagonal members shall be not greater than 45 degrees (0.79 rad) from vertical.
305.2.10 Clear zone.
Where equipment, including pool equipment such as pumps, filters and heaters, is on the same lot as a pool or spa and such equipment is located outside of the barrier protecting the pool or spa, such equipment shall be located not less than 36 inches (914 mm) from the outside of the barrier.
305.3 Doors and gates.
Doors and gates in barriers shall comply with the requirements of Sections 305.3.1 through 305.3.3 and shall be equipped to accommodate a locking device. Pedestrian access doors and gates shall open outward away from the pool or spa, shall be self-closing and shall have a self-latching device. Doors and gates shall not swing over stairs.
305.3.1 Utility or service doors and gates.
Doors and gates not intended for pedestrian use, such as utility or service doors and gates, shall remain locked when not in use.
305.3.2 Double or multiple doors and gates.
Double doors and gates or multiple doors and gates shall have not fewer than one leaf secured in place and the adjacent leaf shall be secured with a self-latching device.
305.3.3 Latch release.
For doors and gates in barriers, the door and gate latch release mechanisms shall be in accordance with the following:
- 1.
Where door and gate latch release mechanisms are accessed from the outside of the barrier and are not the self-locking type, such mechanism shall be located above the finished floor or ground surface in accordance with the following:
- 1.1.
At public pools and spas, not less than 54 inches (1372 mm).
- 1.2.
At residential pools and spas, not less than 54 inches (1372 mm).
- 1.1.
- 2.
Where door and gate latch release mechanisms are of the self-locking type such as where the lock is operated by means of a key, an electronic opener or the entry of a combination into an integral combination lock, the lock operation control and the latch release mechanism shall be located above the finished floor or ground surface in accordance with the following:
- 2.1.
At public pools and spas, not less than 34 inches and not greater than 48 inches (1219 mm).
- 2.2.
At residential pools and spas, at not greater than 54 inches (1372 mm).
- 2.1.
- 3.
At private pools, where the only latch release mechanism of a self-latching device for a gate is located on the pool and spa side of the barrier, the release mechanism shall be located at a point that is at least 3 inches (76 mm) below the top of the gate.
305.3.4 Barriers adjacent to latch release mechanisms.
Where a latch release mechanism is located on the inside of a barrier, openings in the door, gate and barrier within 18 inches (457 mm) of the latch shall not be greater than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in any dimension.
305.4 Structure wall as a barrier.
Where a wall of a dwelling or structure serves as part of the barrier and where doors, gates or windows provide direct access to the pool or spa through that wall, one of the following shall be required:
- 1.
Operable windows having a sill height of less than 48 inches (1219 mm) above the indoor finished floor, doors and gates shall have an alarm that produces an audible warning when the window, door or their screens are opened. The alarm shall be listed and labeled as a water hazard entrance alarm in accordance with UL 2017.
- 2.
In dwellings not required to be Accessible units, Type A units or Type B units, the operable parts of the alarm deactivation switches shall be located at not less than 54 inches (1372 mm) above the finished floor.
- 3.
In dwellings that are required to be Accessible units, Type A units or Type B units, the operable parts of the alarm deactivation switches shall be located not greater than 54 inches (1372 mm) and not less than 48 inches (1219 mm) above the finished floor.
- 4.
In structures other than dwellings, the operable parts of the alarm deactivation switches shall be located not greater than 54 inches (1372 mm) and not less than 48 inches (1220 mm) above the finished floor.
- 5.
- 6.
An approved means of protection, such as self-closing doors with self-latching devices, is provided. Such means of protection shall provide a degree of protection that is not less than the protection afforded by Item 1 or 2.
305.5 Onground residential pool structure as a barrier.
An onground residential pool wall structure or a barrier mounted on top of an onground residential pool wall structure shall serve as a barrier where all of the following conditions are present:
- 1.
Where only the pool wall serves as the barrier, the bottom of the wall is on grade, the top of the wall is not less than 48 inches (1219 mm) above grade for the entire perimeter of the pool, the wall complies with the requirements of Section 305.2 and the pool manufacturer allows the wall to serve as a barrier.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.
Openings created by the securing, locking or removal of ladders and steps do not allow the passage of a 4-inch (102 mm) diameter sphere.
- 5.
Barriers that are mounted on top of onground residential pool walls are installed in accordance with the pool manufacturer’s instructions.
305.6 Natural barriers.
In the case where the pool or spa area abuts the edge of a lake or other natural body of water, public access is not permitted or allowed along the shoreline, and required barriers extend to and beyond the water’s edge not less than 18 inches (457 mm), a barrier is not required between the natural body of water shoreline and the pool or spa.
305.7 Natural topography.
Natural topography that prevents direct access to the pool or spa area shall include but not be limited to mountains and natural rock formations. A natural barrier approved by the governing body shall be acceptable provided that the degree of protection is not less than the protection afforded by the requirements of Sections 305.2 through 305.5.
Section 306 Decks
306.2 Slip resistant.
Decks, ramps, coping, and similar step surfaces shall be slip resistant and cleanable. Where surfaces are evaluated for slip resistance, such surfaces shall have, when tested wet, a minimum pendulum slip rating classification of P4 if tested in accordance with SA AS4586 or a minimum Dynamic Coefficient of Friction (DCOF) of 0.42 if tested in accordance with ANSI A326. The design professional shall determine the appropriate classification and level of slip resistance necessary based on surface type, placement environment, and pedestrian traffic. Special features in or on decks such as markers, brand insignias, and similar materials shall be slip resistant.
306.3 Step risers and treads.
Step risers for decks of public pools and spas shall be uniform and have a height not less than 3 3/4 inches (95 mm) and not greater than 7 1/2 inches (191 mm). The tread distance from front to back shall be not less than 11 inches (279 mm). Step risers and treads for decks of residential pools and spas shall be in accordance with the International Residential Code.
306.4 Deck steps handrail required.
Public pool and spa deck steps having three or more risers shall be provided with a handrail.
306.5 Slope.
The minimum slope of decks shall be in accordance with Table 306.5. The maximum slope of decks shall be not greater than 1/2 inch per foot (1 mm per 24 mm).
Exceptions:
- 1.
- 2.
SURFACE | MINIMUM DRAINAGE SLOPE (INCH PER FOOT) |
Carpet | 1/2 |
Exposed aggregate | 1/4 |
Textured, hand-finished concrete | 1/8 |
Travertine/brick-set pavers, public pools or spas | 3/8 |
Travertine/brick-set pavers, residential pools or spas | 1/8 |
Wood | 1/8 |
Wood/plastic composite | 1/8 |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
306.5.1 Deck drainage.
Decks shall be sloped to drain away from the pool or toward the deck drains. Where site conditions require, deck drains shall be permitted to be placed at the back side of the pool structure or coping.
306.5.2 Site drainage.
Site drainage shall direct all perimeter deck drainage, general site, and roof drainage away from the pool area.
Exception: First 3 feet (914 mm) of decking immediately surrounding perimeter flow pools.
306.6 Gaps.
Gaps not less than 1/8 inch and not greater than 1/2 inch shall be provided between wood deck boards for drainage. Gaps between manufactured deck boards shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
306.6.1 Maximum gap.
The open gap between pool decks and adjoining decks or walkways, including joint material, shall be not greater than 3/4 inch (19.1 mm). The difference in vertical elevation between the pool deck and the adjoining sidewalk shall be not greater than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm).
306.7 Concrete joints.
Isolation joints that occur where the pool coping meets the concrete deck shall be watertight.
306.7.1 Joints at coping.
Joints that occur where the pool coping meets the concrete deck shall be installed to protect the coping and its mortar bed from damage as a result of the anticipated movement of adjoining deck.
306.7.2 Crack control.
Joints in a deck shall be provided to minimize visible cracks outside of the control joints caused by imposed stresses or movement of the slab.
306.7.3 Movement control.
Areas where decks join existing concrete work shall be provided with a joint to protect the pool from damage caused by relative movement.
306.8 Deck edges.
The edges of decks shall be radiused, tapered, or otherwise designed to eliminate sharp corners.
306.9 Valves under decks.
Valves installed in or under decks shall be provided access for operation, service, and maintenance. Where access through the deck walking surface is required, an access cover shall be provided for the opening in the deck. Such access covers shall be slip resistant and secured.
306.9.1 Hose bibbs.
Hose bibbs shall be provided for rinsing down the entire deck and shall be installed in accordance with the International Plumbing Code or International Residential Code, as applicable in accordance with Section 102.7.1, and shall be located not greater than 150 feet (45 720 mm) apart. Water-powered devices, such as water-powered lifts, shall have a dedicated hose bibb water source.
Exception: Residential pools and spas shall not be required to have hose bibbs located at 150-foot (45 720 mm) intervals, or have a dedicated hose bibb for water-powered devices.
Section 307 General Design
307.1 General design requirements.
Sections 307.1.1 through 307.1.5 shall apply to all pools and spas.
307.1.1 Glazing in hazardous locations.
Hazardous locations for glazing shall be as defined in the International Building Code or the International Residential Code, as applicable in accordance with Section 102.7.1 of this code. Where glazing is determined to be in a hazardous location, the requirements for the glazing shall be in accordance with those codes, as applicable.
307.1.2 Colors and finishes.
For other than residential pools and residential spas, the colors, patterns, or finishes of the pool and spa interiors shall not obscure objects or surfaces within the pool or spa. The interior finish coating floors and walls shall be white or light-colored.
307.1.2.1 Munsell gray scale.
Finishes shall be not less than 8.0 on the Munsell gray scale.
Exceptions: The following shall not be required to comply with this section:
- 1.
Competitive lane markings.
- 2.
Floors of dedicated competitive diving wells.
- 3.
Step or bench edge markings.
- 4.
Pools shallower than 24 inches (609.6 mm).
- 5.
Water line tiles.
- 6.
Wave and surf pool depth change indicator tiles.
- 7.
Depth change indicator tiles where a rope and float line is provided.
- 8.
Features such as rock formations, as approved.
307.1.3 Designs or logos.
Any design or logo on the pool floor or walls shall be such that it will not hinder the detection of a human in distress, algae, sediment, or other objects in the pool.
307.1.5 Accessibility.
An accessible route to public pools and spas shall be provided in accordance with the International Building Code. Accessibility within public pools and spas shall be provided as required by the accessible recreational facilities provisions of the International Building Code. Pool and spa lifts providing an accessible means of entry into the water shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 60335-2-1000 and be installed in accordance with ICC A117.1 and NFPA 70.
307.2 Specific design and material requirements.
Sections 307.2.1 through 307.2.4 shall apply to all pools and spas except for listed and labeled portable residential spas, and listed and labeled portable residential exercise spas.
307.2.1 Materials.
Pools and spas and appurtenances thereto shall be constructed of materials that are nontoxic to humans and the environment; that are generally or commonly regarded to be impervious and enduring; that will withstand the design stresses; and that will provide a watertight structure with a smooth and easily cleanable surface without cracks or joints, excluding structural joints, or that will provide a watertight structure to which a smooth, easily cleaned surface/finish is applied or attached. Material surfaces that come in contact with the user shall be finished, so that they do not constitute a cutting, pinching, puncturing or abrasion hazard under casual contact and intended use.
307.2.1.1 Beach pools.
Clean sand or similar material, where used in a beach pool environment, shall be used over an impervious surface. The sand area shall be designed and controlled so that the circulation system, maintenance, safety, sanitation, and operation of the pool are not adversely affected.
307.2.1.2 Compatibility.
Assemblies of different materials shall be chemically and mechanically compatible for their intended use and environment.
307.2.2 Materials and structural design.
Pools and spas shall conform to one or more of the standards indicated in Table 307.2.2. The structural design of pools and spas shall be in accordance with the International Building Code or the International Residential Code, as applicable in accordance with Section 102.7.1 of this code.
Exception: Pools and spas constructed with reinforced concrete or reinforced shotcrete with a minimum compressive strength of 2,500 pounds per square inch (175.8 kg/cm2) as designed by a design professional and approved shall be permitted.
307.2.2.1 Installation.
Equipment for pools and spas shall be supported to prevent damage from misalignment and settling and located so as to allow access for inspection, servicing, removal and repair of component parts.
307.2.3 Freeze protection.
In climates subject to freezing temperatures, outdoor pool and spa shells and appurtenances, piping, filter systems, pumps and motors, and other components shall be designed and constructed to provide protection from damage from freezing.
307.2.4 Surface condition.
The surfaces within public pools and spas intended to provide footing for users shall be slip resistant and shall not cause injury during normal use.
Section 308 Elevated Pools
Section 309 Dimensional Design
309.1 Floor slope.
The slope of the floor from the point of the first slope change to the deep area shall not exceed one unit vertical in three units horizontal (33 percent slope).
Exception: Portable residential spas and portable residential exercise spas.
309.2 Walls.
Walls shall intersect with the floor at an angle or a transition profile. Where a transitional profile is provided at water depths of 3 feet (914 mm) or less, a transitional radius shall not exceed 6 inches (152 mm) and shall be tangent to the wall and is permitted to be tangent to or intersect the floor.
Exceptions:
- 1.
Portable residential spas and portable residential exercise spas.
- 2.
Onground storable pools.
309.3 Shape.
This code is not intended to regulate the shape of a pool or spa other than to take into account the effect that a given shape will have on the safety of the occupants and to maintain the minimum required level of circulation to ensure sanitation.
309.4 Waterline.
The design waterline shall have a maximum construction tolerance at the time of completion of the work of plus or minus 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) for pools and spas with adjustable weir surface skimming systems, and plus or minus 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) for pools and spas with nonadjustable surface skimming systems.
Section 310 Equipment
Section 311 Suction Entrapment Avoidance
Section 312 Circulation Systems
312.1 General.
The provisions of this section shall apply to circulation systems for pools and spas.
312.2 System design.
A circulation system consisting of pumps, piping, return inlets and outlets, filters, and other necessary equipment shall be provided for the complete circulation of water. Wading pools and spas shall have separate dedicated filtering systems.
Exception: Separate filtering systems are not required for residential pools and spas.
312.2.1 Turnover rate.
The equipment shall be sized to turn over the volume of water that the pool or spa is capable of containing as specified in this code for the specific installation.
312.2.2 Servicing.
Circulation system components that require replacement or servicing shall be provided with access for inspection, repair, or replacement and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.
312.2.3 Equipment anchorage.
Pool and spa equipment and related piping shall be designed and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
312.3 Water velocity.
The water velocity in suction and return piping shall comply with either Section 312.3.1 or 312.3.2. The water velocity in copper and copper alloy piping shall not exceed 8 fps (2.4 mps). All water velocity calculations shall be based on the design flow rate specified for each recirculation system.
312.3.1 Public pools and spas.
For public pools and spas, suction piping water velocity shall not exceed 6 fps (1.8 mps) and return piping water velocity shall not exceed 8 fps (2.4 mps).
312.3.2 Residential pools and spas.
For residential pools and spas, the water velocity in suction piping and return piping shall not exceed 8 fps (2.4 mps).
312.4 Piping and fittings.
Plastic pipe and fittings used in circulation systems shall be nontoxic and shall be able to withstand the design operating pressures and conditions of the pool or spa. Plastic pipe shall be listed and labeled as complying with NSF 14. Circulation system piping shall be listed and labeled as complying with one of the standards in Table 312.4.
MATERIAL | STANDARD |
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe | |
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe and tubing | |
Copper or copper-alloy tubing | |
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) hose | |
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe | |
Stainless steel pipe, Types 304, 304L, 316, 316L |
312.4.1 Fittings.
Fittings used in circulation systems shall be listed and labeled as complying with one of the standards in Table 312.4.1.
MATERIAL | STANDARD |
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe | |
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic pipe and tubing | |
Copper or copper-alloy tubing | |
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe | |
Stainless steel pipe, Types 304, 304L, 316, 316L |
312.4.2 Joints.
Joints shall be made in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
312.4.3 Piping subject to freezing.
Piping subject to damage by freezing shall have a uniform slope in one direction and shall be equipped with valves for drainage or shall be capable of being evacuated to remove the water.
312.4.4 Suction outlet fitting assemblies.
Suction outlet fitting assemblies shall conform to APSP 16. Manufactured suction outlet fitting assemblies shall be listed and labeled. Suction outlet fitting assemblies other than the manufactured type shall be certified as conforming by a design professional.
312.5 System draining.
Equipment shall be designed and fabricated to drain the water from the equipment, together with exposed face piping, by removal of drain plugs, manipulating valves, or by other methods. Drainage shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.
312.6 Pressure or vacuum gauge.
Gauges shall be provided on the circulation system for public pools. Gauges shall be provided with ready access.
- 1.
A pressure gauge shall be located downstream of the pump and between the pump and filter.
- 2.
A vacuum gauge shall be located between the pump and filter and upstream of the pump.
312.7 Flow measurement.
Public swimming pools and wading pools shall be equipped with a flow-measuring device that indicates the rate of flow through the filter system. The flow rate measuring device shall indicate gallons per minute (lpm) and shall be selected and installed to be accurate within plus or minus 10 percent of actual flow.
312.8 Instructions.
Written operation and maintenance instructions shall be provided for the circulation system of public pools.
312.9 Hydrostatic pressure test.
Circulation system piping, other than that integrally included in the manufacture of the pool or spa, shall be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test of 25 pounds per square inch (psi) (172.4 kPa). This pressure shall be held for not less than 15 minutes.
Section 313 Filters
313.2 Design.
Filters shall have a flow rating equal to or greater than the design flow rate of the system. Filters shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Filters shall be designed so that filtration surfaces can be inspected and serviced.
313.3 Internal pressure.
For pressure-type filters, a means shall be provided to allow the release of internal pressure.
313.3.1 Air release.
Filters incorporating an automatic means of internal air release as the principal means of air release shall have one or more lids that provide a slow and safe release of pressure as a part of the design and shall have a manual air release in addition to an automatic release.
313.3.2 Separation tanks.
A separation tank used in conjunction with a filter tank shall have a manual method of air release or a lid that provides for a slow and safe release of pressure as it is opened.
Section 314 Pumps and Motors
314.1 General.
The provisions of this section apply to pumps and motors for pools and spas.
314.2 Performance.
A pump shall be provided for circulation of the pool water. The pump shall be capable of providing the flow required for filtering the pool water and filter cleaning, if applicable, against the total dynamic head developed by the complete system.
314.3 Intake protection.
A cleanable strainer, skimmer basket, or screen shall be provided for pools and spas, upstream or as an integral part of circulation pumps, to remove solids, debris, hair, and lint on pressure filter systems.
314.4 Location.
Pumps and motors shall be provided with access for inspection and service in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.
314.5 Safety.
The design, construction, and installation of pumps and component parts shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.
314.6 Isolation valves.
Shutoff valves shall be installed on the suction and discharge sides of pumps that are located below the waterline. Such valves shall be provided with access.
314.7 Emergency shutoff switch.
An emergency shutoff switch shall be provided to disconnect power to recirculation and jet system pumps and air blowers. Emergency shutoff switches shall be: provided with access; located within sight of the pool or spa; and located not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) horizontally from the inside walls of the pool or spa.
Exception: Onground storable pools, permanent inground residential swimming pools, residential spas and residential water features.
Section 315 Return and Suction Fittings
315.1 General.
The provisions of this section apply to return and suction fittings for pools and spas
Exception: Portable residential spas and portable residential exercise spas.
315.3 Flow distribution.
The suction outlet fitting assemblies, where installed, and the skimming systems shall each be designed to accommodate 100 percent of the circulation turnover rate.
315.3.1 Multiple systems.
Where multiple systems are used in a single pool to meet this requirement, each subsystem shall proportionately be designed such that the maximum design flow rates cannot be exceeded during normal operation.
315.4 Return inlets.
One return inlet shall be provided for every 300 square feet (27.9 m2) of pool surface area, or fraction thereof.
Exception: Onground storable pools.
315.4.1 Design.
Return and suction fittings for the circulation system shall be designed so as not to constitute a hazard to the bather.
315.5 Vacuum fittings.
Where installed, access shall be provided to submerged vacuum fittings and such fittings shall be located not greater than 12 inches (305 mm) below the water level.
Section 316 Skimmers
316.1 General.
The provisions of this section apply to skimmers for pools and spas.
316.2 Required.
A surface skimming system shall be provided for public pools and spas. Surface skimming systems shall be listed and labeled in accordance with NSF 50. Either a surface skimming system or perimeter overflow system shall be provided for permanent inground residential pools and permanent residential spas. Where installed, surface skimming systems shall be designed and constructed to create a skimming action on the pool water surface when the water level in the pool is within operational parameters.
316.2.1 Circulation systems.
Public pool circulation systems shall be designed to process not less than 100 percent of the turnover rate through skimmers.
316.3 Skimmer sizing.
Where automatic surface skimmers are used as the sole overflow system, not less than one surface skimmer shall be provided for the square foot (square meter) areas, or fractions thereof, indicated in Table 316.3. Skimmers shall be located to maintain effective skimming action.
POOL OR SPA | AREA PER SKIMMER (SQ. FT) |
Public pool | 500 |
Residential pool | 800 |
Spas (all types) | 150 |
For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2.
316.4 Perimeter coverage.
Where a perimeter-type surface skimming system is used as the sole surface skimming system, the system shall extend around not less than 50 percent of the pool or spa perimeter.
316.4.1 Surge capacity.
Where perimeter surface skimming systems are used, they shall be connected to a circulation system with a system surge capacity of not less than 1 gallon for each square foot (40.7 liters per square meter) of water surface. The capacity of the perimeter overflow system and related piping is permitted to be considered as a portion of the surge capacity.
316.5 Equalizers.
Equalizers on skimmers shall be prohibited.
316.6 Hazard.
Skimming devices shall be designed and installed so as not to create a hazard to the user.
Section 317 Heaters
317.1 General.
The provisions of this section apply to heaters for pools and spas.
Exception: Portable residential spas and portable residential exercise spas.
317.2 Certification.
Heaters and hot water storage tanks shall be listed and labeled in accordance with the applicable standard indicated in Table 317.2(1). Hot water heating systems and components shall comply with the applicable standard indicated in Table 317.2(2).
317.3 Sizing.
Heaters shall be sized in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.
317.4 Installation.
Heaters shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications and the International Fuel Gas Code, International Mechanical Code, International Energy Conservation Code, NFPA 70 or International Residential Code, as applicable in accordance with Section 102.7.1. Solar water heating systems shall be installed in accordance with Section 317.6.
317.4.1 Temperature.
A means shall be provided to monitor water temperature.
317.4.2 Access prohibited.
For public pools and spas, public access to controls shall be prohibited.
317.5 Heater circulation system.
Heater circulation systems shall comply with Sections 317.5.1 and 317.5.2.
317.5.1 Water flow.
Water flow through the heater bypass piping, back-siphonage protection, and the use of heat sinks shall be in accordance with the heater manufacturer’s specifications.
317.5.2 Pump delay.
Where required by the manufacturer, heaters shall be installed with an automatic device that will ensure that the pump continues to run after the heater shuts off for the time period specified by the manufacturer.
317.6 Solar water heating systems.
Solar water heating systems utilized for pools and spas shall comply with Sections 317.6.1 through 317.6.3.
317.6.3 Marking of collectors and modules.
Solar thermal collectors and photovoltaic modules shall be permanently marked with the manufacturer’s name, model number, and serial number. Such markings shall be located on each collector in a position that is readily viewable after installation.
Section 318 Air Blower and Air Induction System
318.1 General.
This section applies to devices and systems that induce or allow air to enter Class A and residential pools and spas either by means of a powered pump or passive design.
318.3 Air intake source.
Air intake sources shall not induce water, dirt or contaminants.
318.4 Sizing.
Air induction systems shall be sized in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.
318.5 Inspection and service.
Air blowers shall be provided with access for inspection and service.
Section 319 Water Supply
319.1 Makeup water.
Makeup water to maintain the water level and water used as a vehicle for sanitizers or other chemicals, for pump priming, or for other such additions, shall be from a potable water source.
319.2 Protection of potable water supply.
Potable water supply systems shall be designed, installed and maintained so as to prevent contamination from nonpotable liquids, solids or gases being introduced into the potable water supply through cross-connections or other piping connections to the system. Means of protection against backflow in the potable water supply shall be provided through an air gap complying with ASME A112.1.2 or by a backflow prevention assembly in accordance with the International Residential Code or the International Plumbing Code, as applicable in accordance with Section 102.7.1.
319.3 Over-the-rim spouts.
Over-the-rim spouts shall be located under a diving board, adjacent to a ladder, or otherwise shielded so as not to create a hazard. The open end of such spouts shall not have sharp edges and shall not protrude more than 2 inches (51 mm) beyond the edge of the pool. The open end shall be separated from the water by an air gap of not less than 1.5 pipe diameters measured from the pipe outlet to the rim.
Section 320 Sanitizing Equipment and Chemical Feeders
320.1 Equipment standards.
Sanitizing equipment installed in public pools and spas shall be capable of introducing the quantity of sanitizer necessary to maintain the appropriate levels under all conditions of intended use.
320.2 Chemical feeders.
Public pools and spas shall be equipped with chemical feed equipment such as flow-through chemical feeders, electrolytic chemical generators, mechanical chemical feeders, chemical feed pumps, and automatic controllers that are listed and labeled in compliance with NSF 50. Chemical feed systems shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. Chemical feed pumps shall be wired so that they cannot operate unless there is adequate return flow to disburse the chemical throughout the pool or spa as designed.
320.3 Secondary disinfection systems.
Secondary disinfection systems shall be installed for the following increased-risk aquatic venues in addition to the required primary disinfection system:
- 1.
Wading pools.
- 2.
Interactive water play features.
- 3.
Therapy pools.
- 4.
Other aquatic venues designed primarily for children under the age of 5.
The secondary disinfection system shall be listed and labeled to NSF 50 and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. Where electrically powered, such equipment shall additionally be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1081 or UL 1563.
320.4 Supplemental treatment systems.
Supplemental treatment systems in public pools and spas shall be certified to NSF 50 and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. Where electrically powered, such equipment shall additionally be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 1081 or UL 1563.
Section 321 Wastewater Disposal
321.1 Backwash water or draining water.
Backwash water and draining water shall be discharged to the sanitary or storm sewer, or into an approved disposal system on the premise, or shall be disposed of by other means approved by the state or local authority. Direct connections shall not be made between the end of the backwash line and the disposal system. Drains shall discharge through an air gap.
321.2 Water salvage.
Filter backwash water shall not be returned to the vessel except where the backwash water has been filtered to remove particulates, treated to eliminate coliform bacteria and waterborne pathogens, and such return has been approved by the state or local authority.
321.3 Waste post treatment.
Where necessary, filter backwash water and drainage water shall be treated chemically or through the use of settling tanks to eliminate or neutralize chemicals, diatomaceous earth, and contaminants in the water that exceed the limits set by the state or local effluent discharge requirements.
Section 322 Lighting
322.2 Artificial lighting required.
When a pool is open during periods of low natural illumination, artificial lighting shall be provided so that all areas of the pool, including all suction outlets on the bottom of the pool, will be visible. Illumination shall be sufficient to enable a lifeguard or other persons standing on the deck or sitting on a lifeguard stand adjacent to the pool edge to determine if a pool user is lying on the bottom of the pool and that the pool water is transparent and free from cloudiness.
These two conditions shall be met when all suction outlets are visible from the edge of the deck at all times when artificial lighting is illuminated and when an 8-inch-diameter (152 mm) black disk, placed at the bottom of the pool in the deepest point, is visible from the edge of the pool deck at all times when artificial lighting is illuminated.
322.2.2 Illumination intensity.
For outdoor pools, any combination of overhead and underwater lighting shall provide maintained illumination not less than 10 horizontal foot-candles (10 lumens per square foot) [108 lux] at the pool water surface. For indoor pools, any combination of overhead and underwater lighting shall provide maintained illumination of not less than 30 horizontal foot-candles (30 lumens per square foot) [323 lux] at the pool water surface. Deck area lighting for both indoor and outdoor pools shall provide maintained illumination of not less than 10 horizontal foot-candles (10 lumens per square foot) [108 lux] at the walking surface of the deck.
322.2.3 Underwater lighting.
Underwater lighting shall provide not less than 8 lamp lumens per square foot of pool water surface area.
Exception: The requirement of this section shall not apply where overhead lighting provides not less than 15 foot-candles (15 lumens per square foot) [161 lux] of maintained illumination at the pool water surface, the overhead lighting provides visibility, without glare, of all areas of the pool, and the requirements of Section 322.2.2 are met or exceeded.
322.3 Emergency illumination.
Public pools and public pool areas that operate during periods of low illumination shall be provided with emergency lighting that will automatically turn on to permit evacuation of the pool and securing of the area in the event of power failure. Emergency lighting facilities shall be arranged to provide initial illumination that is not less than 0.1 foot-candle (0.1 lumen per square foot) [1 lux] measured at any point on the water surface and at any point on the walking surface of the deck, and not less than an average of 1 foot-candle (1 lumen per square foot) [11 lux]. At the end of the emergency lighting time duration, the illumination level shall be not less than 0.06 foot-candle (0.06 lumen per square foot) [0.65 lux] measured at any point on the water surface and at any point on the walking surface of the deck, and not less than an average of 0.6 foot-candle (0.6 lumen per square foot) [6.46 lux]. A maximum-to-minimum illumination uniformity ratio of 40 to 1 shall not be exceeded.
Section 323 Ladders and Recessed Treads
323.2 Outside diving envelope.
Where installed, steps and ladders shall be located outside of the minimum diving water envelope as indicated in Figure 323.2.
323.3 Ladders.
Ladder treads shall have a uniform horizontal depth of not less than 2 inches (51 mm). There shall be a uniform distance between ladder treads, with a distance of not less than 7 inches (178 mm) and not greater than 12 inches (305 mm). The top tread of a ladder shall be located not greater than 12 inches (305 mm) below the top of the deck or coping. Ladder treads shall have slip-resistant surfaces.
323.3.1 Wall clearance.
There shall be a clearance of not less than 3 inches (76 mm) and not greater than 4 inches (101.6 mm) between the pool wall and the ladder.
323.3.2 Handrails and handholds.
Ladders shall be provided with two handholds or two handrails. The clear distance between ladder handrails shall be not less than 17 inches (432 mm) and not greater than 24 inches (610 mm).
323.4 Recessed treads.
Recessed treads shall have a depth of not less than 4.5 inches (114 mm) and a width of not less than 12 inches (305 mm). The vertical distance between the pool coping edge, deck, or step surface and the uppermost recessed tread shall be not greater than 12 inches (305 mm) measured at the wall. The tread shall not protrude more than 2.5 inches (64 mm) from the wall. Recessed treads shall have slip-resistant surfaces.
323.4.1 Vertical spacing.
Recessed treads at the centerline shall have a uniform vertical spacing of not less than 7 inches (178 mm) and not greater than 12 inches (305 mm).
323.4.2 Drainage.
Recessed treads shall drain into the pool.
323.4.3 Handrails and grab rails.
Recessed treads shall be provided with a handrail or grab rail on each side of the treads. The clear distance between handrails and grab rails shall be not less than 17 inches (432 mm) and not greater than 24 inches (610 mm).
Section 324 Safety
324.1 Handholds required.
Where the depth below the design waterline of a residential swimming pool or spa exceeds 42 inches (1067 mm) or where the depth below the design waterline of a public swimming pool exceeds 24 inches (610 mm), handholds along the perimeter shall be provided. Handholds shall be located at the top of deck or coping.
Exceptions:
- 1.
Handholds shall not be required where an underwater bench, seat or swimout is installed.
- 2.
Handholds shall not be required for wave action pools and action rivers.
324.1.1 Height above water.
Handholds shall be located not more than 12 inches (305 mm) above the design waterline.
324.1.2 Handhold type.
Handholds shall be one or more of the following:
- 1.
Top of pool deck or coping.
- 2.
Secured rope.
- 3.
Rail.
- 4.
Rock.
- 5.
Ledge.
- 6.
Ladder.
- 7.
Stair step.
- 8.
Any design that allows holding on with one hand while at the side of the pool.
324.1.3 Handhold spacing.
Handholds shall be horizontally spaced not greater than 4 feet (1219 mm) apart.
324.2 Handrails.
Where handrails are installed, they shall conform to this section.
324.2.1 Height.
The top of the gripping surface of handrails for public pools and public spas shall be 34 inches (864 mm) to 38 inches (965 mm) above the ramp or step surface as measured at the nosing of the step or finished surface of the slope. The top of the gripping surface of handrails for residential pools and residential spas shall be 30 inches (762 mm) to 38 inches (965 mm) above the ramp or step surface as measured at the nosing of the step or finished surface of the slope.
324.2.2 Material.
Handrails shall be made of corrosion-resistant materials.
324.2.3 Nonremovable.
Handrails shall be installed so that they cannot be removed without the use of tools.
324.2.4 Leading edge distance.
The leading edge of handrails for stairs, pool entries and exits shall be located not greater than 18 inches (457 mm) from the vertical face of the bottom riser.
324.2.5 Diameter.
The outside diameter or width of handrails shall be not less than 1 1/4 inches (32 mm) and not greater than 2 inches (51 mm).
324.3 Obstructions and entrapment avoidance.
There shall not be obstructions that can cause the user to be entrapped or injured. Types of entrapment include, but are not limited to, wedge or pinch-type openings and rigid, nongiving cantilevered protrusions.
Section 325 Equipment Rooms
325.1 General.
The provisions of this section apply to public pools and spas and aquatic recreation facilities.
325.2 Requirements.
The equipment area or room floor shall be of concrete or other suitable material having a smooth slip-resistant finish and have positive drainage, including a sump drain pump, if necessary. Floors shall have a slope toward the floor drain or sump drain pump adequate to prevent standing water at all times. The opening to the equipment room or area shall be designed to provide access for all anticipated equipment. At least one hose bibb with backflow preventer shall be located in the equipment room or allow for access within an adequate distance of the equipment room so that a hose can service the entire room.
325.3 Construction.
The size of the equipment room or area shall provide working space to perform routine operations and equipment service. Equipment rooms also intended for storage shall have adequate space provided for such storage, without reducing the working spaces. Equipment rooms or areas shall be lighted to provide 30 foot-candles (323 lux) of illumination at floor level.
325.5 Ventilation.
Equipment room ventilation shall address all of the following:
- 1.
Combustion requirements.
- 2.
Heat dissipation from equipment.
- 3.
Humidity from surge or balance tanks.
- 4.
Ventilation to the outside.
- 5.
Air quality.
325.6 Markings.
All piping in the equipment room shall be permanently identified by its use and the pool or spa it serves. Identification shall be provided for all of the following:
- 1.
Main drains and skimmer lines.
- 2.
Filtered water.
- 3.
Make-up water
- 4.
Chlorine (or disinfection) feeds.
- 5.
Acid (or pH) feeds.
- 6.
Compressed air lines.
- 7.
Gutter lines.
- 8.
Chemical sample piping.
- 9.
Pool heating lines.
All piping shall be marked with directional arrows as necessary to determine flow direction and all valves shall be clearly identified by number with a brass tag, plastic laminate tag or permanently affixed alternative. Valves shall be described as to their function and referenced in the operating instruction manual.
325.7 Separation from chemical storage spaces.
Combustion equipment, air-handling equipment, and electrical equipment shall not be exposed to air contaminated with corrosive chemical fumes or vapors. Spaces containing combustion equipment, air-handling equipment or electrical equipment and spaces sharing air distribution with spaces containing such equipment shall not be used as chemical storage spaces at the same time unless the equipment is listed and labeled for use in that atmosphere. Spaces containing combustion equipment, air-handling equipment, or electrical equipment and spaces sharing air distribution with spaces containing such equipment shall be isolated from chemical storage space air.
325.7.1 Doors and openings.
A door or doors shall not be installed in a wall between such equipment rooms and an interior chemical storage space. There shall be no ducts, grilles, pass-throughs, or other openings connecting such equipment rooms to chemical storage spaces, except as permitted by the International Fire Code.
Spaces containing combustion equipment, air-handling equipment, or electrical equipment and spaces sharing air distribution with spaces containing such equipment shall be isolated from indoor aquatic facility air unless the equipment is listed for the atmosphere. There shall be no ducts, grilles, pass-throughs, or other openings connecting such spaces to an indoor aquatic facility.
Ducts that connect the indoor aquatic facility to the duct connections of air handlers shall not be construed as connecting the air-handler space to the indoor aquatic facility unless HVAC equipment is rated for indoor aquatic facility atmosphere and serves only that indoor aquatic facility.
Where building construction leaves any openings or gaps between floors and walls, or between walls and other walls, or between walls and ceilings, such gaps shall be permanently sealed against air leakage.
325.7.2 Indoor aquatic facility access.
Where a door or doors are installed in a wall between an equipment room and an indoor aquatic facility, the floor of the equipment room shall slope back into the equipment room in such a way as to prevent any equipment room spills from running under the door into the indoor aquatic facility. This requirement shall be accomplished by one of the following:
- 1.
A floor all of which is at least 4 inches (102 mm) below the level of the nearest part of the indoor aquatic facility floor.
- 2.
A continuous dike not less than 4 inches (102 mm) high located entirely within the equipment room, which will prevent spills from reaching the indoor aquatic facility floor.
325.7.2.1 Automatic closer and lock.
A door between an equipment room and an indoor aquatic facility shall be equipped with an automatic closer and automatic lock. The door, frame, and automatic closer shall be installed so as to ensure that the door closes completely and latches without human assistance. The automatic lock shall require a key or combination to open from the indoor aquatic facility side. The lock shall be designed and installed to be opened by one hand from the inside of the room under all circumstances, without the use of a key or tool.
Such doors shall be equipped with permanent signage warning against unauthorized entry. All sides of such doors shall be equipped with a gasket. The gasket shall be installed to prevent the passage of air, fumes, or vapors when the door is closed.
325.8 Chemical storage space.
A least one space dedicated to chemical storage space shall be provided to allow safe storage of pool and spa chemicals. In all chemical storage spaces, an emergency eyewash station shall be provided. The construction of a chemical storage space shall take into account foreseeable hazards and protect the stored materials against tampering, wildfires, unintended exposure to water and the transfer of fumes into any interior space of a building intended for occupation. Any walls, floors, doors, ceilings, and other building surfaces of an interior chemical storage space shall join each other tightly.
If chemicals are to be stored outdoors, they shall be stored in a well-ventilated protective area with an installed barrier to prevent unauthorized access. Exterior chemical storage spaces not joined to a wall of a building shall be completely enclosed by fencing that is at least 6 feet high (1829 mm). Fencing shall be equipped with a self-closing and self-latching gate having a permanent locking device.
325.8.1 Chemical storage space doors.
All doors opening into chemical storage spaces shall be equipped with permanent signage having all of the following:
- 1.
A warning against unauthorized entry.
- 2.
Statement of the expected hazards.
- 3.
Statement of the location of the associated safety data sheet forms.
- 4.
Product chemical hazard NFPA chart.
Where a single door is the only means of egress from a chemical storage space, the door shall be equipped with an emergency-egress device. Where a chemical storage space door must open to an interior space, spill containment shall be provided to prevent spilled chemicals from leaving the chemical storage space and the door shall not open to a space containing combustion equipment, air-handling equipment, or electrical equipment.
325.8.1.1 Interior opening doors.
Where a chemical storage space door must open to an interior space, such door shall have all of the following requirements:
- 1.
Constructed of corrosion-resistant materials.
- 2.
Equipped with a corrosion-resistant, automatic lock to prevent unauthorized entry.
- 2.1.
Such lock shall require a key or combination to open from the outside into the chemical storage space.
- 2.2.
Such lock shall be designed and installed as to be capable of being opened by one hand from the inside of the chemical storage space without the use of a key or tool.
- 2.1.
- 3.
Supported on corrosion-resistant hinges, tracks, or other supports.
- 4.
Equipped with suitable gaskets or seals on the top and all sides to minimize air leakage between the door and the door frame.
- 5.
Equipped with a floor or threshold seal to minimize air leakage between the door and the floor or threshold.
- 6.
Equipped with an automatic door closer that will completely close the door and latch without assistance and against the specified difference in air pressure.
- 7.
Equipped with a limit switch and an alarm that will sound if the door remains open for more than 30 minutes. The alarm shall have a minimum output level of 85 dbA at 10 feet (2028 mm).
325.8.2 Interior chemical storage spaces.
There shall be no transfer grille, pass-through grille, louver, or other device or opening that will allow air movement from the chemical storage space into any other interior space of a building intended for occupancy or into another chemical storage space.
Interior chemical storage spaces that share any building surface with any other interior space shall be equipped with a ventilation system that operates continuously and ensures that all air movement is from all other interior space and toward the chemical storage space.
Interior chemical storage spaces that share an electrical conduit system with any other interior space shall be equipped with a ventilation system that operates continuously and ensures that all air movement is from all other interior spaces and toward the chemical storage space. This pressure difference shall be maintained by a continuously operated exhaust system used for no other purpose than to remove air from that one chemical storage space.
Where more than one chemical storage space is present, a separate exhaust system shall be provided for each chemical storage space. The exhaust airflow rate shall be the amount specified in the International Mechanical Code. The function of this exhaust system shall be monitored continuously by an audible differential-pressure alarm system that shall sound if the specified differential air pressure is not maintained for a period of 30 minutes. This alarm shall have a minimum output level of 85 dbA at 10 feet (3048 mm) and shall require manual reset to silence it.
325.8.2.1 Air ducts in interior chemical storage spaces.
No duct shall allow air movement from the chemical storage space into any other interior space of a building intended for occupation or into any other chemical storage space.
Air ducts shall not enter or pass through an interior chemical storage space unless it is a corrosion-resistant duct used for no other purpose than to exhaust air from the chemical storage space. This corrosion-resistant duct must exhaust to the exterior and must end at a point on the exterior of the building, at least 20 feet (6096 mm) from any air intake for breathing air, cooling air, or combustion air.
A duct used for no other purpose than to supply makeup air to the chemical storage area shall be acceptable. This makeup air supply duct must end at a point on the exterior of the building, at least 20 feet (6096 mm) from any air intake for breathing air, cooling air, or combustion air.
Any other ducts specifically allowable by the International Mechanical Code where such ducts are corrosion resistant and free-of-joints to the extent feasible shall be acceptable.
325.8.2.2 Pipes and tubes in interior chemical storage spaces.
Pipes and tubes shall not enter or pass through an interior chemical storage space.
Exceptions:
- 1.
As required to service devices integral to the function of the chemical storage space, such as pumps, vessels, controls, freeze protection, and safety devices.
- 2.
As required to allow for automatic fire suppression.
- 3.
As required for drainage.
Piping, tubes, drain bodies, grates, and attachment and restraint devices shall be corrosion resistant and rated for the chemical environment(s) present, including floor drain bodies and grates. All wall penetrations shall be sealed air tight and commensurate with the rating of the wall assembly. Sealing materials shall be compatible with the wall assembly and the chemical environment(s) present.
325.8.2.3 Combustion equipment in interior chemical storage.
No combustion device or appliance shall be installed in a chemical storage space, or in any other place where it will be exposed to the air from a chemical storage space.
Exceptions: A combustion device or appliance that meets all of the following requirements shall be acceptable:
- 1.
The device or appliance is required for one or more processes integral to the function of the room, such as space heat.
- 2.
The device is listed for such use.
- 3.
The device as installed is approved.
325.9 Ozone rooms.
An ozone equipment room shall not be used for storage of chemicals, solvents, or any combustible materials, other than those required for the operation of the recirculation and ozone-generating equipment. Rooms that are designed to include ozone equipment shall be equipped with an emergency ventilation system capable of 6 air changes per hour. The exhaust intake shall be located 6 inches (152 mm) from the floor, on the opposite side of the room from the make-up air intake.
The emergency ventilation system shall be so arranged as to run on command of an ozone-leak alarm or on command of a manual switch. The manual emergency ventilation switch shall be located outside the room and near the door to the ozone room.
Ozone rooms which are below grade shall be equipped with force-draft ventilation capable of 6 changes per hour. The exhaust intake shall be located 6 inches (152 mm) from the floor, on the opposite side of the room from the make-up air intake. Such ventilation shall be so arranged as to:
- 1.
Run automatically concurrent with the ozone equipment and for at least a time allowing for 15 air changes after the ozone equipment is stopped.
- 2.
Run on activation of the ozone detection and alarm system.
- 3.
Run on command of a manual switch.
The manual ventilation switch shall be located outside the room and near the door to the ozone room.
325.9.1 Signage.
In addition to the signs on all chemical storage areas, a sign shall be posted on the exterior of the entry door stating “DANGER - GASEOUS OXIDIZER -- OZONE” in lettering not less than 4 inches (102 mm) high.
325.9.2 Alarm system.
Rooms containing ozone-generation equipment shall be equipped with an audible and visible ozone detection and alarm system.
The alarm system shall consist of both an audible alarm capable of producing at least 85 decibels at a 10-foot (3048 mm) distance and a visible alarm consisting of a flashing light mounted in plain view of the entrance to the ozone equipment room.
The ozone sensor shall be located at a height of 18-24 inches (457-610 mm) above floor level. The ozone sensor shall be capable of measuring ozone in the range of 0-2 ppm.
The alarm system shall activate when the ozone concentration equals or exceeds 0.1 ppm in the room. Activation of the alarm system shall shut off the ozone-generating equipment and turn on the emergency ventilation system.
325.10 Gaseous chlorination space.
Use of compressed chlorine gas shall be prohibited for new construction and after substantial alteration to existing facilities.
325.11 Windows.
Where windows are installed in an interior wall, ceiling, or door of a chemical storage space, such windows shall have the following components:
- 1.
Tempered or plasticized glass.
- 2.
A corrosion-resistant frame.
- 3.
Incapable of being opened or operated.
Where windows are installed in an exterior wall or ceiling, such windows shall:
- 1.
Be mounted in a corrosion-resistant frame.
- 2.
Be protected by a roof, eave, or permanent awning as to minimize the entry of rain or snow in the event of window breakage.
325.12 Sealing and blocking materials.
Materials used for sealing and blocking openings in an interior chemical storage space shall:
- 1.
Minimize the leakage of air, vapors, or fumes from the chemical storage space.
- 2.
Be compatible for use in the environment.
- 3.
Be commensurate with the fire rating assembly in which they are installed.