body.case-reader-open{overflow:hidden}body.case-reader-open header.nav,body.case-reader-open footer,body.case-reader-open .claim-concierge,body.case-reader-open .mobile-contact-rail,body.case-reader-open .mbar{display:none!important}.case-reader{--reader-accent:#d5b866;--reader-bg:#131b2b;--reader-bg-deep:#0f1725;--reader-paper:#e9e4d8;--reader-muted:#9d9a91;--reader-rule:#e9e4d81c;--reader-font-size:18px;background:var(--reader-bg);color:var(--reader-paper);z-index:2147482000;min-height:100vh;position:fixed;inset:0;padding:0!important}.case-reader-shell{flex-direction:column;height:100dvh;min-height:100vh;display:flex;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.case-reader-toolbar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--reader-rule);z-index:4;background:#0f1725f5;flex:none;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(120px,1fr) auto;align-items:center;gap:12px;min-height:54px;padding:7px 14px;display:grid;position:relative}.case-reader-done,.case-reader-tools button,.case-reader-tools a,.case-reader-size button{color:var(--reader-paper);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border:1px solid #0000;border-radius:8px;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:5px;min-height:44px;padding:7px 9px;font:600 12px/1.1 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.case-reader-done:hover,.case-reader-done:focus-visible,.case-reader-tools button:hover,.case-reader-tools button:focus-visible,.case-reader-tools a:hover,.case-reader-tools a:focus-visible{color:#fff;background:#ffffff12;border-color:#e9e4d821}.case-reader-toolbar-title{text-align:center;min-width:0}.case-reader-toolbar-citation{color:#b8b4aa;overflow-wrap:anywhere;text-overflow:clip;white-space:normal;font:12px/1.25 Georgia,Times New Roman,serif;display:block;overflow:visible}.case-reader-place{color:#8893a8;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-top:2px;font:700 8.5px/1.25 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif;display:block}.case-reader-tools{justify-content:flex-end;align-items:center;gap:2px;min-width:0;display:flex}.case-reader-tools button[aria-pressed=true]{color:#ead48f;background:#d5b8661f}.case-reader-size{border:1px solid #e9e4d821;border-radius:8px;align-items:center;display:flex;overflow:hidden}.case-reader-size button{border:0;border-radius:0;min-width:44px;padding-left:6px;padding-right:6px}.case-reader-size button:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;opacity:.3}.case-reader-progress{z-index:5;background:#e9e4d80b;flex:0 0 2px;height:2px;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.case-reader-progress span{background:var(--reader-accent);width:0;height:100%;transition:width .18s;display:block}.case-reader-search{border-bottom:1px solid var(--reader-rule);z-index:3;background:#111a29;flex:none;padding:10px 16px;position:relative}.case-reader-search[hidden]{display:none}.case-reader-search label{color:var(--reader-accent);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:6px;font:700 9px/1.2 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif;display:block}.case-reader-search-row{align-items:center;gap:6px;max-width:46rem;margin:auto;display:flex}.case-reader-search input{color:#fff;background:#ffffff0f;border:1px solid #e9e4d82b;border-radius:8px;flex:1;min-width:0;padding:9px 11px;font:14px/1.3 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif}.case-reader-search input:focus{border-color:var(--reader-accent);outline-offset:1px;outline:2px solid #d5b8662e}.case-reader-search button{color:#d2cfc7;cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border:1px solid #e9e4d821;border-radius:8px;min-height:36px;padding:7px 10px;font:600 11px/1.2 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif}.case-reader-search button[type=submit]{background:var(--reader-accent);border-color:var(--reader-accent);color:#101827}.case-reader-search button:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;opacity:.35}.case-reader-search-status{color:#7e8799;max-width:46rem;margin:6px auto 0;font:11px/1.4 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif}.case-reader-scroll{overscroll-behavior:contain;scrollbar-color:#465169 var(--reader-bg-deep);scrollbar-width:thin;flex:1;min-height:0;overflow:hidden auto}.case-reader-scroll:focus{outline:none}.case-reader-scroll:focus-visible{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 2px #d5b8668c}.case-reader-page{width:100%;max-width:46rem;margin:0 auto;padding:clamp(28px,5vw,52px) 28px 92px}.case-reader-heading{border-bottom:1px solid var(--reader-rule);padding-bottom:28px}.case-reader-eyebrow{color:var(--reader-accent);letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:7px;font:700 9px/1.3 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif;display:flex}.case-reader-heading h1{color:#f3efe5;letter-spacing:-.018em;text-wrap:balance;max-width:26ch;margin:13px 0 0;font-family:Playfair Display,Iowan Old Style,Georgia,serif;font-size:clamp(27px,4.2vw,39px);font-weight:600;line-height:1.14}.case-reader-citation{color:#b8b4aa;max-width:66ch;margin:13px 0 0;font:14px/1.55 Georgia,Times New Roman,serif}.case-reader-persuasive{background:#6d9ae614;border:1px solid #7ea5d84d;border-left:3px solid #7fa6d6;border-radius:8px;margin-top:16px;padding:12px 14px}.case-reader-persuasive strong{color:#c8dbf1;letter-spacing:.13em;text-transform:uppercase;font:700 9px/1.3 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif}.case-reader-persuasive p{color:#aebed1;max-width:68ch;margin:5px 0 0;font:11.5px/1.55 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif}.case-reader-assurance{color:#81899a;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:7px 16px;margin-top:14px;font:10px/1.3 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif;display:flex}.case-reader-assurance span{align-items:center;gap:7px;display:inline-flex}.case-reader-assurance span:before{content:"";background:#76b798;border-radius:50%;width:4px;height:4px}.case-reader-assurance .case-reader-assurance-persuasive{color:#a9bdd5}.case-reader-assurance .case-reader-assurance-persuasive:before{background:#7fa6d6}.case-reader-begin{color:#bdb8ad;text-underline-offset:3px;gap:5px;margin-top:15px;font:600 10.5px/1.3 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif;text-decoration:underline #bdb8ad4d;display:inline-flex}.case-reader-begin:hover,.case-reader-begin:focus-visible{color:#ead48f;text-decoration-color:currentColor}.case-reader-heading-topics{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:6px;margin-top:17px;display:flex}.case-reader-heading-topics>span{color:#8791a5;letter-spacing:.13em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-right:2px;font:700 9px/1.3 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif}.case-reader-heading-topics a{color:#d8c98f;border:1px solid #d5b86640;border-radius:999px;padding:5px 8px;font:600 10.5px/1.3 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif;text-decoration:none}.case-reader-heading-topics a:hover,.case-reader-heading-topics a:focus-visible{color:#f2dda0;background:#d5b86617;border-color:#d5b8668c}.case-reader-record{border-top:1px solid var(--reader-rule);margin-top:19px;padding-top:13px}.case-reader-record summary{color:#a8a59d;cursor:pointer;font:600 11px/1.4 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif;list-style-position:inside}.case-reader-record[open] summary{color:#d7d2c7;margin-bottom:13px}.case-reader-record dl{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px 22px;margin:0;padding-left:17px;display:grid}.case-reader-record dl>div{min-width:0}.case-reader-record-caption{grid-column:1/-1}.case-reader-record dt{color:#70798b;letter-spacing:.11em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:3px;font:700 8.5px/1.3 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif}.case-reader-record dd{color:#b8b4aa;overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin:0;font:12px/1.5 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif}.case-reader-opinion{min-width:0;padding-top:34px}.case-reader-opinion .source-record{color:var(--reader-paper);font-family:Iowan Old Style,Palatino Linotype,Palatino,Georgia,serif;font-size:var(--reader-font-size);font-variant-numeric:oldstyle-nums;overflow-wrap:break-word;padding:0;line-height:1.82}.case-reader-opinion .source-record>h2:first-of-type{color:#9c998f;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 28px;padding-bottom:10px;font-family:Inter,system-ui,sans-serif;font-size:9px;font-weight:700}.case-reader-opinion .source-record p{white-space:pre-line;margin:0 0 1.2em}.case-reader-opinion .source-record h3{color:#f0eadc;margin:2.1em 0 .8em;font-family:Iowan Old Style,Palatino Linotype,Palatino,Georgia,serif;font-size:1.08em;line-height:1.42}.case-reader-opinion .source-record h4{color:#f0eadc;margin:1.8em 0 .7em;font-family:Iowan Old Style,Palatino Linotype,Palatino,Georgia,serif;font-size:1em;line-height:1.42}.case-reader-opinion .source-record blockquote{color:#eee8da;background:#e9e4d809;border-left:2px solid #d5b866a6;margin:1.45em 0;padding:15px 19px;font-size:.95em}.case-reader-opinion .source-record blockquote p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.case-reader-opinion .source-record ul,.case-reader-opinion .source-record ol{margin:0 0 1.25em 1.45em}.case-reader-opinion .source-record li{white-space:pre-line;margin-bottom:.52em}.case-reader-opinion .source-record a{color:#dec77f;text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration:underline #dec77f73}.case-reader-match{color:inherit;background:#6d9ae63b;border-radius:2px;padding:0 .03em}.case-reader-match[data-current=true]{box-shadow:inset 3px 0 0 var(--reader-accent);color:#fff5d2;background:#d5b8666b}.case-reader-source-note{border-top:1px solid var(--reader-rule);color:#8e94a1;margin-top:56px;padding-top:22px;font:11.5px/1.65 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif}.case-reader-source-note h2{color:#beb9ae;letter-spacing:.15em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 10px;font-size:9px}.case-reader-source-note p{margin:0 0 8px}.case-reader-provenance-record{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px 22px;margin:17px 0 0;display:grid}.case-reader-provenance-record>div{min-width:0}.case-reader-provenance-record .case-reader-provenance-artifact{grid-column:1/-1}.case-reader-provenance-record dt{color:#70798b;letter-spacing:.11em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:4px;font:700 8.5px/1.3 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif}.case-reader-provenance-record dd{color:#b8b4aa;overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin:0;font:11px/1.5 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif}.case-reader-provenance-record a{color:#d0c9b9;text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration:underline #d0c9b959}.case-reader-provenance-record a:hover,.case-reader-provenance-record a:focus-visible{color:#f1ddb0;text-decoration-color:currentColor}.case-reader-provenance-record code{color:#81899a;overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin-top:5px;font:9px/1.5 ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,monospace;display:block}.case-reader-source-actions{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:13px;display:flex}.case-reader-source-actions a,.case-reader-source-actions button{color:#d0c9b9;cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border:1px solid #e9e4d824;border-radius:8px;padding:8px 10px;font:600 11px/1.2 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif;text-decoration:none}.case-reader-source-actions a:hover,.case-reader-source-actions a:focus-visible,.case-reader-source-actions button:hover,.case-reader-source-actions button:focus-visible{color:#f1ddb0;border-color:#d5b86685}.case-reader-related{border-top:1px solid var(--reader-rule);margin-top:28px;padding-top:20px}.case-reader-related>p{color:#858c9b;letter-spacing:.15em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 10px;font:700 9px/1.3 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif}.case-reader-related>div{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:7px;display:flex}.case-reader-related a{color:#d8c98f;border:1px solid #d5b8663d;border-radius:999px;padding:7px 10px;font:600 11px/1.3 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif;text-decoration:none}.case-reader-related a:hover,.case-reader-related a:focus-visible{color:#f1d991;background:#d5b86614;border-color:#d5b86680}.case-reader-return{border-top:1px solid var(--reader-rule);flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 24px;margin-top:28px;padding-top:20px;display:flex}.case-reader-return a{color:#9299a7;text-underline-offset:3px;font:600 11px/1.4 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif;text-decoration:underline #9299a759}.case-reader-return a:hover,.case-reader-return a:focus-visible{color:#e2d7b5;text-decoration-color:currentColor}.case-reader-action-status,.case-reader-finished{color:#e8d89f;pointer-events:none;z-index:8;background:#0d1623f5;border:1px solid #d5b8664d;border-radius:999px;padding:8px 13px;font:600 11px/1.3 Inter,system-ui,sans-serif;position:fixed;bottom:18px;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%)}.case-reader-action-status:empty,.case-reader-finished[hidden]{display:none}@media (width<=920px){.case-reader-toolbar{grid-template-columns:auto minmax(80px,1fr) auto;gap:7px;padding-left:9px;padding-right:9px}.case-reader-tool-label{display:none}.case-reader-tools button,.case-reader-tools a{min-width:44px;padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px}.case-reader-tools button[data-reader-print]{display:none}}@media (width<=620px){.case-reader-toolbar{grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr);min-height:51px}.case-reader-toolbar-title{text-align:left}.case-reader-toolbar-citation{font-size:10.5px}.case-reader-tools{border-top:1px solid #e9e4d812;grid-column:1/-1;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 -4px -2px;padding-top:5px}.case-reader-tools button,.case-reader-tools a{flex:1;min-width:44px;min-height:44px}.case-reader-size{flex:2}.case-reader-size button{flex:1}.case-reader-page{padding:26px 21px 72px}.case-reader-heading h1{text-wrap:pretty;font-size:clamp(25px,8vw,34px)}.case-reader-heading-topics{align-items:stretch}.case-reader-heading-topics>span{flex-basis:100%}.case-reader-record dl{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.case-reader-record-caption{grid-column:auto}.case-reader-provenance-record{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.case-reader-provenance-record .case-reader-provenance-artifact{grid-column:auto}.case-reader-opinion{padding-top:28px}.case-reader-opinion .source-record{line-height:1.76}.case-reader-search-row{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));display:grid}.case-reader-search input{grid-column:1/-1}.case-reader-search button[type=submit]{grid-column:span 1}.case-reader-related>div{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch}.case-reader-related a{border-radius:8px}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.case-reader-progress span{transition:none}}@media print{@page{margin:.7in}body.case-reader-open{overflow:visible!important}header.nav,footer,.claim-concierge,.mobile-contact-rail,.mbar,.case-reader-toolbar,.case-reader-progress,.case-reader-search,.case-reader-heading-topics,.case-reader-source-actions,.case-reader-related,.case-reader-return,.case-reader-action-status,.case-reader-finished{display:none!important}body{background:#fff!important;padding:0!important}.case-reader{color:#111;background:#fff;min-height:0;position:static;inset:auto}.case-reader-shell{height:auto;min-height:0;display:block;overflow:visible}.case-reader-scroll{overflow:visible}.case-reader-page{max-width:none;padding:0}.case-reader-heading{border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:18px}.case-reader-eyebrow{color:#555}.case-reader-heading h1{color:#111;max-width:none;font-size:22pt}.case-reader-citation{color:#222;font-size:11pt}.case-reader-assurance,.case-reader-record{display:none}.case-reader-opinion{padding-top:20px}.case-reader-opinion .source-record{color:#111;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.55}.case-reader-opinion .source-record h3,.case-reader-opinion .source-record h4{color:#111}.case-reader-opinion .source-record blockquote{color:#111;background:#f7f7f7;border-color:#666}.case-reader-source-note{color:#444;margin-top:30px;font-size:9pt}.case-reader-source-note h2{color:#222}}.rrpage .crumbs{color:var(--slate);gap:10px;margin-bottom:18px;font-size:12.5px;display:flex}.rrpage .crumbs a:hover{color:var(--gold-ink)}.rrpage h1{max-width:26ch;font-family:Playfair Display,serif;font-size:clamp(26px,3.4vw,40px);line-height:1.12}.lawmeta{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin:18px 0 8px;display:flex}.lawmeta .chip{border:1px solid #14253a26;border-radius:999px;align-items:center;gap:7px;padding:7px 14px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;display:inline-flex}.lawmeta .cite{background:var(--navy);color:var(--gold);border-color:var(--navy)}.lawmeta .authority{color:var(--gold-ink);border-color:#8a6b2e66}.lawmeta .authority:hover{background:#c2a45c1f}.lawmeta .full{color:var(--slate)}.lawmeta .current{color:#1f6540;background:#e7f4ec;border-color:#8db69b}.lawmeta .future{color:#315c8a;background:#e7eef8;border-color:#94abc9}.lawmeta .historical{color:#8a3528;background:#f7e9e5;border-color:#cf9a8b}.lawstatus{color:#4f2a20;background:#fff7ed;border:1px solid #dc9d75;border-left:5px solid #b84f2f;border-radius:10px;justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-start;gap:24px;margin:0 0 22px;padding:17px 19px;display:flex}.lawstatus strong{letter-spacing:.13em;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:11px;display:block}.lawstatus p{max-width:68ch;margin:5px 0 0;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.55}.lawstatus nav{flex-direction:column;flex:none;align-items:flex-start;gap:7px;display:flex}.lawstatus a{color:#7e301f;text-underline-offset:3px;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline}.lawstatus .lawstatus-primary{color:#fff;background:#7e301f;border-radius:7px;padding:8px 10px;text-decoration:none}.lawstatus-future{color:#233f60;background:#eef4fb;border-color:#91abc9 #91abc9 #91abc9 #315c8a}.source-jumps{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-top:16px;font-size:12.5px;display:flex}.source-jumps span{letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--slate);margin-right:2px;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:600}.source-jumps a{color:var(--gold-ink);border:1px solid #8a6b2e52;border-radius:999px;padding:6px 11px;text-decoration:none}.source-jumps a:hover{border-color:var(--gold);background:#c2a45c1f}.rrbody{grid-template-columns:230px minmax(0,1fr);gap:44px;margin-top:26px;display:grid}.rrmain{min-width:0}.rrtoc{flex-direction:column;align-self:start;gap:2px;font-size:13px;display:flex;position:sticky;top:96px}.toctitle{letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--gold-ink);margin-bottom:8px;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:600}.rrtoc a{color:var(--slate);border-left:2px solid #14253a1a;padding:6px 10px;line-height:1.35}.rrtoc a:hover{color:var(--ink);border-left-color:var(--gold)}.rrtoc .toccta{color:var(--slate);border:1px solid #8a6b2e59;border-radius:8px;margin-top:18px;padding:12px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.45}.rrtoc .toccta b{color:var(--gold-ink)}.prose{color:#2c3949;overflow-wrap:break-word;max-width:70ch;font-size:16px;line-height:1.75}.prose h2{margin:38px 0 12px;scroll-margin-top:90px;font-family:Playfair Display,serif;font-size:24px}.prose h3{margin:28px 0 10px;scroll-margin-top:90px;font-size:18px}.prose h4{margin:24px 0 8px;scroll-margin-top:90px;font-size:16px}.prose p{margin:0 0 16px}.prose ul,.prose ol{margin:0 0 16px 22px}.prose li{margin-bottom:6px}.prose blockquote{border-left:3px solid var(--gold);background:#c2a45c12;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;margin:0 0 18px;padding:14px 18px;font-size:15px}.prose blockquote p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.prose a{color:var(--gold-ink);text-underline-offset:2px;text-decoration:underline}.prose code{background:#14253a0f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 6px;font-size:14px}.source-record{padding-bottom:6px;scroll-margin-top:90px}.friedman-commentary,.related-authorities{border-top:1px solid #8a6b2e4d;margin-top:44px;padding-top:6px}.friedman-commentary .analysis-heading{color:var(--ink);font-size:27px}.related-authorities{display:block}.related-authorities .related-record-link{overflow-wrap:anywhere}.endrule{border-top:1px solid #8a6b2e4d;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:14px;margin-top:44px;padding-top:30px;display:flex}.endrule p{max-width:52ch;font-size:15px}.lawuse{border:1px solid #14253a1f;border-radius:10px;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:8px;margin-top:26px;padding:16px 18px;font-size:14px;display:flex}.lawuse-h{letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--gold-ink);font-size:10.5px;font-weight:600}.lawuse a{color:var(--gold-ink);text-underline-offset:2px;text-decoration:underline}@media (width<=880px){.lawstatus{flex-direction:column;gap:13px}.lawstatus nav{width:100%}.rrbody{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:10px}.rrtoc{flex-flow:wrap;gap:8px;margin-bottom:8px;position:static}.rrtoc a{overflow-wrap:anywhere;border:1px solid #14253a1f;border-radius:999px;min-width:0;max-width:calc(100vw - 62px);padding:6px 12px;font-size:12px}.rrtoc .toctitle,.rrtoc .toccta{display:none}}